The authors do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

Two other studies showed no differences in psychological wellbeing following mobile phone bans. However, three studies reported more harm to students’ mental health and wellbeing when they were subjected to phone bans.

In April 2022, new rules regarding the use of red diesel were introduced due to a change in fuel duty. Before this, red diesel could be used by a range of industries. Under the new guidelines implemented by HMRC, many industries are banned from using red diesel and are now required to pay full duty on white diesel.

The agricultural, forestry, horticultural, and aquatic farming sectors use red diesel as it is a rebated fuel, taxed at a lower rate than diesel you purchase at the pump. This means that farmers and agricultural workers can carry out business without expensive fuel bills.

Red diesel is no different from white diesel. They both have the same properties and are made up of the same components. Red diesel is marked red to indicate a lower duty tax.

Additionally, red diesel can continue to be used to generate heat and electricity for domestic households and domestic heating applications.

Mobile phones are currently banned in all Australian state schools and many Catholic and independent schools around the country. This is part of a global trend over more than a decade to restrict phone use in schools.

As Australian education academic Neil Selwyn argued in 2021, the impetus for mobile phone bans says more about MPs responding to community concerns rather than research evidence.

There is no research evidence that students do or don’t use other devices to bully each other if there are phone bans. But it is of course possible for students to use laptops, tablets, smartwatches or library computers to conduct cyberbullying.

Dieselfuel color chart

Due to the rule changes regarding the use of red diesel, many businesses and people are required to switch to white diesel. Tanks must be flushed to remove all traces of red diesel when switching between entitled and non-entitled usage. Alternatively, a tank must be exclusively fuelled with white diesel.

Our team screened 1,317 articles and reports as well as dissertations from masters and PhD students. We identified 22 studies that examined schools before and after phone bans. There was a mix of study types. Some looked at multiple schools and jurisdictions, some looked at a small number of schools, some collected quantitative data, others sought qualitative views.

White diesel can be stored for up to 12 months before becoming ‘gummy’. After this time, diesel may cause clogs. If you own a home, vehicle, or other piece of diesel-fuelled machinery, you can legally store up to 30 litres of white diesel without informing anyone.

Many places that restricted phones in schools before Australia did have now reversed their decisions. For example, several school districts in Canada implemented outright bans then revoked them as they were too hard to maintain. They now allow teachers to make decisions that suit their own classrooms.

Red diesel is significantly cheaper than regular diesel due to having a reduced fuel duty rate. The reduced cost allows businesses to avoid high fuel bills. Although red diesel is cheaper than the regular diesel you would buy at a fuel station, it is illegal to use red diesel to fuel on-road vehicles.

Cleardieselvs greendiesel

The studies looked at schools in Bermuda, China, the Czech Republic, Ghana, Malawi, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, the United Kingdom and the United States. None of them looked at schools in Australia.

In a sign of just how little research there is on this topic, 12 of the studies we identified were done by masters and doctoral students. This means they are not peer-reviewed but done by research students under supervision by an academic in the field.

Two studies in our review, including this doctoral thesis, reported mobile phone bans had positive effects on students’ mental health. However, both studies used teachers’ and parents’ perceptions of students’ wellbeing (the students were not asked themselves).

But in a sign of how fresh this evidence is, almost half the studies we identified were published or completed since 2020.

Teachers in two other studies, including this doctoral thesis, reported they believed having mobile phones in schools increased cyberbullying.

Some studies compared schools where there were partial bans against schools with complete bans. This is a problem because it confuses the issue.

White diesel is used to fuel thousands of on-road vehicles around the world. Cars, vans, trucks, trains, and HGVs across the UK rely on white diesel for transportation. In 2019, the world’s diesel consumption reached around 27955 thousand barrels per day, making it one of the most prevalent fuels around the world.

But two other studies showed the number of incidents of online victimisation and harassment was greater in schools with mobile phone bans compared with those without bans. The study didn’t collect data on whether the online harassment was happening inside or outside school hours.

Any machinery or industry no longer entitled or covered to use red diesel due to changes in UK law should switch to white diesel immediately if they have not done so already. As of April 2022, it is a legal duty for many businesses to use regular, full-duty diesel rather than rebated fuel.

Why is red dyedieselillegal

Diesel colourvs petrol

At NWF Fuels, we supply commercial and domestic heating oil, regular diesel, and red diesel. To ensure you get the very best price, we always provide you with the most up-to-date quote.

Additives can also be added to heating oil to reduce rust and build-up of other deposits. This reduces the risk of filter blockages and boiler shutdown.

Red diesel can dye or stain the interior of your fuel tank. While the dye is harmless, this makes it easy for police officers and HMRC to prosecute fuel fraud. Even if you use red diesel once, you could be prosecuted years later due to the colour of your fuel tank.

Our review, which is pending publication, aims to shed light on whether mobile phones in schools impact academic achievement (including paying attention and distraction), students’ mental health and wellbeing, and the incidence of cyberbullying.

A scoping review is done when researchers know there aren’t many studies on a particular topic. This means researchers cast a very inclusive net, to gather as much evidence as possible.

Mobile phones are an integral part of our lives. We need to be teaching children about appropriate use of phones, rather than simply banning them. This will help students learn how to use their phones safely and responsibly at school, at home and beyond.

Four studies reported a small reduction in bullying in schools following phone bans, especially among older students. However, the studies did not specify whether or not they were talking about cyberbullying.

NWF Fuels LTD is part of NWF Group plc.Registered OfficeJack Mills Way, Crewe, CW2 5RXRegistered No.1117133 EnglandVAT No.GB 278 8387 88

Our research found four studies that identified a slight improvement in academic achievement when phones were banned in schools. However, two of these studies found this improvement only applied to disadvantaged or low-achieving students.

Designed to clean and maintain diesel engine performance, fuel treatments are an efficient way of protecting your vehicle from everyday wear.

There are many effective fuel treatments available designed to break down and remove colour from dyed fuels. Fuel additives and engine flushing products are suitable for diesel engines and come with a range of additional benefits.

Our passionate team offer a friendly and knowledgeable service across the UK. Working with a wide range of customers, from domestic and agricultural to commercial and retail, we are a leading heating oil and commercial fuel supplier.

Chemically, the two are identical but they are used and taxed in different ways. So, while red diesel is simply white diesel that has been dyed, there are some significant differences between the two.

Dieselfuel color green

Even if phone bans were effective, they would not address the bulk of school bullying. A 2019 Australian study found 99% of students who were cyberbullied were also bullied face-to-face.

However, it is illegal for red diesel to be used in road vehicles on public roads. This is because white diesel, sold at your local petrol station, is taxed at a much higher rate.

We conducted a “scoping review” of all published and unpublished global evidence for and against banning mobile phones in schools.

A ban was similarly revoked in New York City, partly because bans made it harder for parents to stay in contact with their children.

Thousands of homes are warmed each winter by heating oil.  Kerosene is a popular type of heating oil, but did you know red diesel can also be used to heat your home? In 2022, the law changed, and it became illegal to use red diesel to warm commercial buildings. However, non-commercial buildings, such as domestic homes, places of worship, and hospitals can continue to use red diesel for heating.

The students reported they felt more anxious without being able to use their phone. This was especially evident in one doctoral thesis carried out when students were returning to school after the pandemic, having been very reliant on their devices during lockdown.

Under some circumstances, it is still legal to use red diesel. For example, vehicles involved in agriculture, forestry, horticulture, and aquatic farming along with vehicles used on a golf course or land occupied by a travelling fair, are some exceptions that continue to qualify for the use of red diesel.

WhatcolourisdieselBlue

NWF Fuels LTD is part of NWF Group plc.Registered OfficeJack Mills Way, Crewe, CW2 5RXRegistered No.1117133 EnglandVAT No.GB 278 8387 88

Australian governments say banning mobile phones will reduce distractions in class, allow students to focus on learning, improve student wellbeing and reduce cyberbullying.

So the evidence for banning mobile phones for the mental health and wellbeing of student is inconclusive and based only on anecdotes or perceptions, rather than the recorded incidence of mental illness.

Red diesel, also known as gas oil, is red in colour and used in off-road vehicles and for off-road purposes. Bulldozers and cranes in the construction industry are commonly fuelled by red diesel, as are domestic heating appliances.

The authors suggested this might be because students saw the phone bans as punitive, which made the school climate less egalitarian and less positive. Other research has linked a positive school climate with fewer incidents of bullying.

To be compliant with the changes, there must be no trace of red diesel present in the fuel tank or engine. This means removing the colour dye from the tank and flushing away the remaining red diesel stock.

Politicians should leave this decision to individual schools, which have direct experience of the pros or cons of a ban in their particular community. For example, a community in remote Queensland could have different needs and priorities from a school in central Brisbane.

While you cannot use red diesel in place of regular diesel, you can do so in reverse. Any machine, vehicle, or generator that uses red diesel will also be able to operate using white diesel. This is because aside from the colour, red and white diesel are the same.

It is low tax and therefore cost-effective and efficient for farmers, miners, and manufacturers. The red colour indicates that the diesel has been purchased at a lower duty rate. Aside from the colour, red diesel is identical to white diesel.

However, if you use red diesel in a road vehicle on a public road you will be breaking the law. This is considered tax evasion as red diesel is heavily rebated, meaning the tax charged is much less than other fuels, such as white diesel.

But three studies found no differences in academic achievement, whether there were mobile phone bans or not. Two of these studies used very large samples. This masters thesis looked at 30% of all schools in Norway. Another study used a nationwide cohort in Sweden. This means we can be reasonably confident in these results.