A dangerous goods mark can be a label, placard, orange panel, sign, mark, letter, word, number or abbreviation, or any combination of these things.

hazard symbols意思

Note: Until December 31, 2020, instead of displaying one of the above marks, the means of containment may be marked with the words: “Limited Quantity”, “Ltd. Qty.”, “Consumer Commodity” or the UN number of each limited quantities of the dangerous goods in a square on point.

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Note that the UN number on a large means of containment must appear on the placard, or on a rectangular orange panel next to the placard, without the prefix "UN".

Once your policy incorporates strong privacy protection, you will be in a better place to engage advocacy groups concerned about the use of law enforcement drones. Pointing to specific examples of how your agency intends to use the drone and how drones have aided in search and rescue operations can also provide a positive focus to such conversations.

If the dangerous goods are included in different primary classes, the primary class placard and the UN number for the dangerous goods in each compartment must be displayed on each side of that compartment, as well as on each end of the compartmentalized large means of containment.

Except for dangerous goods included in Class 7, Radioactive Materials, if that size label cannot be displayed because of the irregular shape or size of the small means of containment, the TDG Regulations allow for the reduction of a label to 30 mm. The label, shipping name, technical name and UN number may appear on a tag.

This bulletin explains the  labelling and placarding requirements. It does not change, create, amend or suggest deviations to the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations (TDG Regulations). For specific details, consult Part 4 of the TDG Regulations.

A person must not display a prescribed dangerous goods mark on a means of containment or a means of transport if the mark is misleading as to the presence or the nature of any danger.

When a consolidation bin is used, the class of each dangerous good contained in the bin must be marked on a tag or on a fixed display device that is attached to the bin. The information must be updated whenever the content of the consolidation bin changes.

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For example, Class 3, Flammable Liquids placards on a road vehicle transporting METHYL CHLORIDE would be considered misleading as to the nature of danger, since this product is classified under Class 2.1, Flammable Gases.

There are different requirements for displaying dangerous goods marks on a compartmentalized large means of containment. It depends on if the dangerous goods are included in different primary classes or in the same primary class.

Under sUAS, an airworthiness certificate is not required for your UAVs, but each drone must be registered with the FAA. The agency has general rules that apply to all drone use, as well as some special considerations for UAVs operated by first responder agencies. According to the “Drone Response Playbook for Public Safety” guide published by the FAA in 2020, the following scenarios are generally restricted (with certain caveats):

In addition, the person who neutralizes the contents of the means of containment or who unloads, unpacks, cleans or purges the means of containment must cover or remove the dangerous goods marks when the danger is no longer present in the means of containment.

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When dangerous goods are used to fumigate a large means of containment, the fumigation sign must be displayed at or next to each entryway through which a person can enter the large means of containment.

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Staffing and budget shortages are leading some departments to implement Drone as a First Responder (DFR) programs. According to the National League of Cities (NLC), “Small, remotely operated unmanned aerial systems … have proven to be an efficient and effective way of providing public safety critical information that supports better-informed decisions in response to calls for service, emergencies, or to conduct criminal investigations.” Recent tests in Chula Vista and Santa Monica, California, have proven effective. In addition, the California city of Fremont has implemented a joint DFR program that includes both police and fire. A 2023 article on Police1.com provides more details about these innovative (but possibly controversial) efforts.

When the conditions that required the display of dangerous goods marks change, the person having the charge, management or control of the means of containment must determine whether the dangerous goods marks must be changed or removed.

The elevated temperature sign must be displayed next to the primary or subsidiary class placard on each side and each end of the large means of containment when dangerous goods are transported at a temperature greater than or equal to:

Dangerous goods marks are also an information tool for people involved in transportation, including truck drivers, train crews, loading dock workers, reception personnel at a lab or a hospital and aircraft loading personnel.

In addition, if the compartmentalized large means of containment contains UN3475, ETHANOL AND GASOLINE MIXTURE, the UN number must be displayed, along with the UN number of the dangerous goods with the lowest flash point, on each side and on each end of the compartmentalized large means of containment (see image below).

In addition to federal regulations, drones are also subject to scrutiny from state lawmakers and privacy advocates, creating a growing list of prohibited uses that your agency’s policy must address.

The Category B mark must be displayed on a small means of containment containing UN3373, BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCE, CATEGORY B, instead of displaying the Class 6.2, Infectious Substances label.

Labels and placards are diamond shaped (also referred to as a square on point) and must be displayed as illustrated below. They are often identical (except for their size) and they communicate through colour, number and symbol the degree and nature of danger posed by the dangerous goods.

For example, if a road vehicle is transporting 400 kg of UN1090, ACETONE, Class 3 placards do not need to be displayed since there is less than 500 kg in transport and none of the restrictions apply.

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As required by Subsection 4.22(1), the marine pollutant mark must be displayed for dangerous goods that are marine pollutants and transported by vessel. This mark is not required for road and rail transport. For air transport, please refer to Part 12 of the TDG Regulations.

The consignor must ensure that the fumigation sign is displayed by the person in charge of the fumigation process. The sign must also display the name of the fumigant, the date and time the fumigant was applied and the date of ventilation.

4. Drone flights near certain stadium events: When a stadium hosts a large event, such as a football game or outdoor concert, the FAA puts in place a temporary flight restriction (TFR) for both manned and unmanned aircraft that generally begins an hour before the event begins and ends an hour after the event ends. Exceptions to these TFRs include:

Failure to comply with the TDG Act and TDG Regulations may lead to fines and/or imprisonment. For more information, you can visit the TDG website and the Department of Justice website.

If the dangerous goods are included in the same primary class, the primary class placard for the dangerous goods must be displayed only once on each side and on each end of the compartmentalized large means of containment. The UN number must also be displayed on each side of the compartment and on each end of the compartmentalized large means of containment.

Note: There are some additional requirements for Class 7, Radioactive Materials. These can be found in Section 4.14 of the TDG Regulations.

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So how do you ensure you’re covering all the complex considerations of using a drone in law enforcement? A best practice is to build the role of drone coordinator into your policy. In most agencies, the drone coordinator will likely not be a separate position, but formally designating someone to coordinate your agency’s drone use helps bring consistency to operations and provides a point of contact for questions or issues.

But drone use is also a complicated issue, bringing with it privacy and safety concerns. As use cases for drones have grown and expanded, so have complaints from citizens and watchdog groups. Law enforcement agencies must not only ensure their officers are properly trained, but also that they are complying with federal and state guidelines.

When complying with Special Provision 34 of the TDG Regulations, each means of containment must be marked with the lithium battery mark in accordance with Section 4.24 of the TDG Regulations.

Part 4 of the TDG Regulations requires dangerous goods mark to be displayed on a means of containment containing dangerous goods in transport.

As a carrier, you are the person who has possession of the dangerous goods while they are in transport. With respect to dangerous goods marks, the carrier must:

Dangerous goods marks are displayed on a means of containment to identify dangerous goods and to show the nature of the danger they pose.

Having solid policies and procedures in place to guide law enforcement drone use is key to ensuring their legal, safe use.

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For more information on the lithium battery mark requirements and the lithium battery exemption, refer to Section 4.24 and Special Provision 34 of the TDG Regulations.

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A subsidiary class placard is required to be displayed on a large means of containment for dangerous goods that requires an emergency response assistance plan (ERAP) if they are included in one of the following subsidiary class:

The UN number must appear on the placard or on a rectangular orange panel, without the prefix "UN", next to the placard (see image below).

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3. Operations beyond visual line of sight: According to FAA regulations, pilots should not fly their UAVs so far afield that they lose sight of the aircraft. When using “first person” view, with or without VR-style goggles, drone pilots should use a spotter who always maintains visual contact with the UAV. This requirement can also be waived if requested beforehand.

In specific cases, the TDG Regulations allow the use of dangerous goods marks in accordance with other regulations. Refer to Parts 9, 10, 11 and 12 for more information.

1. Flights at night or over people: Federal regulations generally prohibit drones being piloted after dark or above populated areas, though a waiver can be obtained from the FAA under certain circumstances. This means law enforcement must obtain special permission to use UAVs to surveil crowds and protests.

Other documented uses include assistance in serving warrants, operations during emergencies and natural disasters, assessing an area/person before committing personnel to a search or entry, mapping outdoor crime scenes, locating stolen property and detecting explosive ordnance. In Minnesota, one agency equipped its UAV with a system that can track people with Alzheimer’s, autism or other related conditions. The individuals wear transmitters that are activated if they wander, and the drone can help quickly locate them.

Note: In accordance with Paragraph 4.6(a), dangerous goods marks must be displayed against a background of contrasting colour. However, since the placard, as well as the means of containment used for ANHYDROUS AMMONIA may both be white, the metal frame of the placard holder is deemed to be of contrasting colour.

The fumigation sign must be displayed until the large means of containment has been ventilated and the dangerous goods have been unloaded.

Hazardsymbols

A label must always be displayed on a small means of containment containing dangerous goods in transport. One label is required for the primary class, as well as one for each subsidiary class of the dangerous goods.

Dangerous goods

It’s not difficult to imagine the wide range of benefits drones can provide in public safety. As noted in a 2022 article on Police1.com, some useful law enforcement drone uses include:

In addition, a person must not display any othermark that could be mistaken for a dangerous goods mark or could be misleading as to the presence or nature of any danger.

As per Section 4.15 of the TDG Regulations, the primary class placard for each dangerous good contained in a large means of containment must be displayed on each side and on each end of the large means of containment. Each placard only needs to be displayed once on each side and each end regardless of how many products in the large means of containment correspond to that class (primary or subsidiary).

Note: When the overpack contains Class 7, Radioactive Materials, the overpack must be prepared in accordance with the Packaging and Transport of Nuclear Substances Regulations.

It’s generally unlawful for drones to carry illegal or hazardous cargo (such as drugs or explosives), or for drones to be outfitted with weapons. The FAA also prohibits piloting a drone while under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs.

Note: A placard must not be displayed at a 45 degree angle on a truck frame or a supporting frame for the means of containment; it must remain as a square on point. Otherwise, this does not comply with the TDG Regulations.

2. Flights in areas where the drone may interfere with manned aircraft: Drone flights should never go over 400 feet and are prohibited altogether in controlled airspace near airports. Again, the FAA can issue a waiver if circumstances warrant.

For example, if a vehicle is transporting UN1833, SULFUROUS ACID (Class 8) and UN1836, THIONYL CHLORIDE (Class 8), only one Class 8, Corrosives placard is required to be displayed on each side and on each end of the vehicle.

Labels for the primary and subsidiary classes can be displayed on any side, except the top or bottom, of a small means of containment, and on the shoulder of cylinders. A package containing Class 7, Radioactive Materials must display a label on two opposite sides other than the side it is intended to rest or is to be stacked.

Note: If a road or railway vehicle to be transported by vessel contains a flammable gas, the flammable gas placard (Class 2.1) must be displayed on the road or railway vehicle.

Several factors are driving increased drone use, including cost savings and increased availability, as well as updated agency policies and FAA guidelines governing law enforcement UAV deployment.

Note: A consignor means a person in Canada who is named in a shipping document as the consignor, or who imports or will import dangerous goods into Canada, or, if neither of the first two points apply, who has possession of dangerous goods immediately before they are in transport.

If a dangerous goods mark for each class of dangerous goods inside the overpack is not visible through the overpack, the word “Overpack” or “Suremballage” must be displayed on at least one side. However, if all dangerous goods marks for each class of dangerous goods inside the overpack are visible through the overpack, the word “Overpack” or “Suremballage” is not required.

Typically, when the consignor provides the large means of containment, the consignor is responsible for displaying the dangerous goods marks. However, if the carrier provides the large means of containment, the consignor must provide the carrier with the appropriate dangerous goods marks and the carrier will then display them.

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Agencies that subscribe to Lexipol’s Law Enforcement Policies and Updates solution receive a law enforcement drone policy that aligns with applicable state and federal laws, along with monitoring to keep the policy up to date as new legislation is passed.

Having solid policies and procedures in place to guide law enforcement drone use is key to ensuring their legal, safe use. Here are some important law enforcement drone policy areas to consider.

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Dangerous goods marks give a quick identification of dangerous goods in the event of an emergency situation such as a release or anticipated release of dangerous goods from a means of containment.

If the dangerous goods marks are not visible through the overpack, the primary class label and each subsidiary class label for each of the dangerous goods, as well as the shipping name and UN number, must be displayed on the overpack. Also, depending on the size of the overpack, this information is required on either one or two opposite sides.

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) in public safety continues to grow. According to a recent article in Commercial UAV News, over 1,400 agencies in the United States are now using drones in their law enforcement activities — a 54% increase in the past six years.

Hazardsymbolsand meanings

*In accordance with Section 4.15.4 of the TDG Regulations, when a large means of containment with dangerous goods marks is inside another large means of containment and those dangerous goods marks are not visible, the placards and UN numbers required in Part 4 must be displayed on the outer large means of containment.

The term “dangerous goods safety mark” is replaced with “dangerous goods mark” throughout the English version of the TDG Regulations and this document to reflect the terminology being used in the Act. This change will allow internal consistency with no change in the meaning. The terminology in the TDG Regulations is being modified as the TDG Regulations are updated.

Exception: The consignor is not required to provide the dangerous goods marks if the correct marks are already displayed on the large means of containment, or the marks are not the correct ones to display because of the presence of other dangerous goods in the large means of containment.

Displaying a dangerous goods mark that does not represent the class of dangerous goods is misleading as to the nature of danger.

If that size placard cannot be displayed due of the size or irregular shape of certain means of containment, the TDG Regulations allow for the reduction of labels to 30 mm per side and placards to 100 mm per side. The only exception is for Class 7, Radioactive Materials, whose placard and label cannot be reduced under any circumstances.

Again, some states have issued specific laws. Illinois, for example, requires law enforcement agencies to destroy all information gathered by a drone within 30 days, except when there is “reasonable suspicion that the information contains evidence of criminal activity, or the information is relevant to an ongoing investigation or pending criminal trial” (725 ILCS 167/20).

When complying with the Limited Quantities Exemption (Section 1.17), the limited quantities mark must be displayed on one side of a means of containment (as per Subsection 1.17(2)).

Note: When the DANGER placard is permitted to be displayed on a large means of containment, a person may continue to display that placard, in place of any other placard, until the large means of containment no longer contains any of the dangerous goods identified by that placard. The use of the DANGER placard is explained below.

Section 4.16.1 of the TDG Regulations provides an exemption from displaying placards on a road or railway vehicle if the dangerous goods have a gross mass that is less than or equal to 500 kg. You always have the option, however, to display placards for small quantities of dangerous goods voluntarily.

One final consideration: Keeping your policy and procedures up to date. Drone laws and regulations are very much in flux, with new state legislation popping up frequently. If your agency has established or is considering establishing a drone program, you must ensure you have a way to stay current on changing federal and state regulations.

When dangerous goods are subject to Special Provision 23 or are included in Class 6.1, Toxic Substances, due to inhalation toxicity or Class 2.3, Toxic Gases, the words “inhalation hazard” or “dangereux par inhalation” must be displayed on the means of containment:

Absent any state-specific requirements, it’s probably best to treat information and footage gathered by a drone as you would other records. If your agency has a strong records retention policy, it will probably cover you for records produced by drones as well.

Generally, labels are displayed on small means of containment (capacity less than or equal to 450 L) and placards are displayed on large means of containment (capacity greater than 450 L). For example, labels would be displayed on a box, while a placard would be displayed on a truck carrying the box.

When complying with the Excepted Quantities Exemption (Section 1.17.1), the excepted quantities mark must be displayed on one side of a means of containment (as per Subsection 1.17.1(3)).

Since all U.S. airspace is regulated by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), drone operations must conform with FAA requirements. There are two ways to obtain authorization to operate a UAV as a public safety agency. The first is to pick one or more members of your department to get FAA certified as pilots and fly under 14 CFR Part 107 rules, also known as Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems Regulations, or sUAS. The second is to get an FAA certificate of authorization (COA) so your agency can be a “public aircraft operator,” self-certifying compliance for both pilots and drones.

Similar to body-camera footage, data retention issues abound when it comes to drone use. Will all video from the drone be recorded and if so, where will it be retained and for how long? How will your agency deal with footage collected of those who are not the target of criminal investigations? Can your agency freely share or disclose information gathered by the drone with other governmental agencies?

Despite the fact that a placarding exemption may be used, a person may voluntarily display a placard for any quantity of dangerous goods when they are transported in a road or railway vehicle if certain provisions of Part 4 are met. These provisions include:

However, if a vehicle is transporting a mixed load of dangerous goods, each class of dangerous good must be considered separately. In the following example, a road vehicle is transporting 2,000 kg of UN1048, HYDROGEN BROMIDE, ANHYDROUS (Class 2.3(8)) and 300 kg of UN1107, AMYL CHLORIDE (Class 3). Since UN1048 meets one of the restrictions listed in Subsection 4.16.1(2), a Class 2.3 placard must be displayed. As such, the quantity of UN1048 must no longer be considered in the total gross mass calculation of the dangerous goods in transport. All that remains is 300 kg of UN1107, which doesn’t meet any restrictions and weighs less than 500 kg. For this reason, a Class 3 placard does not need to be displayed.

Aside from labels, a small means of containment must also display the shipping name, technical name (if applicable) and UN number of the dangerous goods in transport. The UN number may appear on or next to the primary class label (see image below).

An overpack is defined as an enclosure used by one consignor to consolidate one or more small means of containment for ease of handling. An example of an overpack is a pallet on which one or more small means of containment are stacked and secured by straps or shrink wrap or other similar means.

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Before importing dangerous goods, or allowing a carrier in Canada to take possession of dangerous goods for transport, the consignor must:

When any powerful technology intersects with law enforcement, agencies are faced with a complex balancing act. On the one hand, drones represent a vast potential of new applications in public safety. On the other, agencies must ensure safe, constitutionally sound use. A clear, concise law enforcement drone policy is essential in achieving this balance. If your agency subscribes to Lexipol policies, review the Unmanned Aerial System section for an in-depth look at your current policy requirements.

However, when all of the dangerous goods are included in Class 3, Flammable Liquids, only the UN number of the dangerous goods with the lowest flash point is required to be displayed on each side and on each end of the compartmentalized large means of containment.

A consolidation bin is used in a road vehicle to secure one or more small means of containment to prevent movement during transport. Unlike an overpack, a consolidation bin allows users to add or remove small means of containment during transport. A typical user of consolidation bins would be a delivery service that makes many deliveries in one route.

The subsidiary class placard must be displayed next to the primary class placard on each side and on each end of the large means of containment:

As with other technologies, addressing privacy concerns surrounding drones involves a balance of policy and engagement. Your agency’s policy should include a strong statement about the importance of preserving privacy rights. Absent a warrant or exigent circumstances, operators should adhere to FAA guidelines and avoid intentionally recording or transmitting images of any location where a person would have a reasonable expectation of privacy, such as a backyard.

The DANGER placard is optional. It may be displayed on a large means of containment instead of any other placard required by Section 4.15 of the TDG Regulations if two conditions are met:

The sign is an equilateral triangle with sides of at least 250 mm in length. The symbol is a thermometer, and the symbol and border are red on a white background.