The following map depicts Carbon Monoxide Incidents occurring across 6 different occupancy types between 1999 and 2018. A summary of the incidents shown in the map below can be downloaded here. Additional information specific to Carbon Monoxide incidents in hotels can be found here.

Masks have now become a more common, everyday item. They are useful in preventing the spread of disease, as well as helping with allergies and respiratory issues. You may have never heard the term "respirator" or "N95" before, or thought about how it works or differs from other types of face masks. But, there are some major differences to know.

PPE

P Ratings = Oil Proof. For protection against oil-based and non-oil based particles. Examples of oil particles include lubricants, cutting fluids, glycerine, some pesticides, and some solvents.

The NFIRS database contains approximately 75 percent of all reported fires (and fire department responses) that occur annually in the United States. After responding to an incident, a fire department representative completes the appropriate NFIRS data entry modules based on the nature of the emergency. Each module collects a common set of information that describes the nature of the emergency, the actions taken in response to the emergency, and resulting outcomes.

Simple cloth face masks and coverings do not form a tight seal around your mouth and nose, limiting their ability to protect you from germs that may be in the air, since particles can leak in around the edges. However, these masks still help to slow the spread of airborne viruses because they offer a barrier that helps keep germs and large particle droplets from reaching other people as you talk, cough or sneeze.

Basic dust masks and one-time use respirators for things like lead abatement are simple to use. The packaging will typically indicate what these respirators are for, and they do not require replacement cartridges. More powerful half-mask respirators and full-face respirators are often fitted with removable, replaceable cartridges to provide the required protection. Most models will tell you what they’re designed for right on the packaging, but a color-coded system implemented by OSHA makes finding the right cartridge simple.

respirator中文

Unlike regular masks, respirators are rated by NIOSH, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, a division of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Respirators are classified as N (Not Oil Resistant), R (Oil Resistant), or P (Oil Proof), and the associated number (95, 99, 100) represents the percentage of airborne particles that mask is able to remove fom the air.

There are also combination cartridges and solutions if your project involves exposure to both acid gases and organic vapors.

Respirator mask

New respirators may or may not come with the appropriate cartridges. Check before buying and ensure you get the right type of cartridge for the job.

Respirators are a type of personal protective equipment (PPE) worn on the face. They remove contaminants from the air using cartridges, filters or canisters. It is important to know which respirator type, certification and replacement cartridges you may need before you begin your project. Whether you’re taking on a major paint job, dealing with potentially dangerous chemicals like lead or doing daily tasks like sanding and woodworking, choosing the right type of mask will help you breathe easy.

Ventilator

R Ratings = Oil Resistant: For protection against dust, mists, fumes and occasional oil particle exposure. When using R-rated filters in oil-filled environments, you should only use the respirator for 8 hours at a time. Examples of oil particles include lubricants, cutting fluids, glycerine, some pesticides and some solvents.

This data has not yet been verified independent of the NFIRS system. R.E.M has published its research on this topic specific to the 449 property type. The article, Analyzing the National Fire Incident Reporting System to Identify Carbon Monoxide Incidents in the U.S. Lodging Industry is open source and available for download.

If you experience any of the 3D's (Dirty, Damaged, Difficult to Breathe Through) while using your respirator, go to a non-contaminated area and replace the respirator (if disposable) or change the filters (if reusable).

3M respirator Selection Guide

The type of replacement cartridge and filter you need largely depends on your particular working environment and individual requirements. There are four aspects to consider when purchasing respirator cartridges and filters: exposure to Airborne Particles, Organic Vapors vs. Nuisance Level Organic Vapors and Acid Gases.

Gas Mask

Be sure to determine what type of filter you will need for your project before purchasing. Most cartridges follow OSHA's color coding system as outlined below:

NIOSH N95

The National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) which serves as a uniform reporting standard and repository of data from fire department responses to a variety of incidents across the U.S.

For reusable respirators, establish a cartridge/filter change schedule by using a service life calculator or using common change schedules based on substance-specific standards as defined by OSHA. If at any time you detect a smell, taste or irritation from the contaminants, leave the contaminated area immediately, replace the cartridges and perform a seal check before reentering the hazardous area. In environments containing oily aerosols, replace filter according to manufacturer instructions.

PAPR

There are many types of respirators, and choosing the correct model is essential for safety purposes. This guide will explain the different types of respirators available, including single-use and multi-use options. This guide will also help clarify the important differences between masks and respirators, outline different respirator certifications and uses and explain how replacement cartridges work. Read on to learn about the best mask for paint, mold and more. If you need to know which respirator is best for your DIY project, check out this respirator quick reference guide. For pro projects, check out this pro respirator quick reference guide.

The Home Depot carries an assortment of PPE equipment. Get the right protective gear to get your project done safely. Use The Home Depot mobile app to order what you need for delivery or curbside pickup, or to find products fast with image search.

REM has utilized the 1999-2018 NFIRS databases to identify Fire Department calls with incident types 424 (Carbon monoxide incident) occurring at properties with use types:

Paper dust masks are designed to reduce exposure to solid particles like dirt, silica and pollen. Dust masks are not National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-approved disposable filtering facepieces. Dust masks are not true respirators and do not offer protection against hazardous dust, gases or vapors. If the dust mask does not have a valve in the front and is made of paper instead of non-woven polypropylene fiber, it’s not a respirator. These simple masks can be worn during activities like mowing, gardening, sweeping and dusting.

Contrary to masks, respirators are tested and approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), a division of the Centers for Disease Control. For NIOSH to approve a respirator, it must be able to capture and filter particles of varying sizes, including those so small you can't see them (like viruses and bacteria). Unlike cloth masks or surgical masks, respirators feature a tight seal to the face, and are made of a specially woven and statically charged fabric that filters 95 to 99.7 percent of all air particles as you breathe.

Still confused about which respirator might fit you? Try a size medium respirator first. About 80 percent of the adult population can effectively wear a medium respirator.

True respirator masks such as N95 respirators are designed to protect the wearer from airborne particles and from liquid contaminating the face. They filter at least 95 percent of airborne particles such as dust, mists and fumes. These masks are approved by NIOSH because they effectively block out particulates down to .3 microns and large droplets won’t pass through the barrier. N95 respirators do not protect against oil-based particles.

Choosing the right respirator for your task or work environment is essential. If your respirator is not the right size for your face, it won’t provide adequate protection, even if you’re using a heavy-duty full-face model. Use these tips to pick a respirator that’s the right size so you get the maximum amount of protection possible:

It is a common misconception that respirators and masks provide the same type of protection. Respirators can help protect you while you breathe in by filtering out small and even microscopic particles in the air, whereas cloth and single use masks are more about protecting those around you from large particle droplets as you breathe out, cough or sneeze.