Literaturverzeichnis Online erstellen kostenlos

OPTOMAN employs IBS technology to manufacture dispersive mirrors made for mid-IR (2 – 6 µm). Broadband dispersive and low GDD mirrors for mid-IR range can reduce or even completely eliminate the need to use combinations of various bulk materials to compensate dispersion.

Literaturverzeichnis erstellen lassen

Raman spectroscopy measures the energy difference between vibrational modes by analysing the scattered light. Scattering occurs when a photon polarises the ...

UM Optics is the biggest optics supplier in China. We supply CaF2, BaF2, MgF2, LiF material covering the VUV to IR spectrum. We can also deliver cut blanks, polished lens, drilled windows, spherical lenses, aspheric lenses, galvo scanning mirrors, prisms, cylindrical lenses and mirrors in very large quantities at best price. UM Optics also grows silicon material in optical grade and supplies optics like silicon wafers, mirrors, AR-coated lenses, and prisms. We are also good at ZnSe/ZnS/Ge IR material optics.

Many optical materials which are transparent in the visible optical range also exhibit good transparency in the near infrared, but not for longer wavelengths (mid and far infrared).

Infrared imaging and vision applications also rely on infrared optics. Infrared viewers often work only in the near-IR region, while thermography (thermal imaging) needs to be done at rather long wavelengths, unless the temperatures of the observed objects are high. Examples of applications areas are security imaging, machine vision and defense (e.g. guided missiles).

Note: the article keyword search field and some other of the site's functionality would require Javascript, which however is turned off in your browser.

This polarization control relies on a material's optical properties to respond differently depending on the polarization of the incident light. A material that ...

WissenschaftlicheQuellenfinden

Another important field of application is spectroscopy because many interesting transitions e.g. for identifying trace gases are in the infrared (often in the mid-IR).

IRD Ceramics manufactures precision infrared optical components which are essential to infrared cameras and sensors used by homeland security, border patrol, defense and security companies. We perform all fabrication in house, allowing us to produce low-cost IR mirrors, lenses and windows for commercial applications as well as customized lenses to meet the exact demands of defense and security companies. IRD Ceramics works with sapphire, silicon, chalcogenides, germanium, BaF2, CaF2, zinc selenide and more.

Oct 24, 2022 — The microscope lens functions like a magnifying glass, bending light to make the object appear wider to get the desired magnification effect.

UltraFast Innovations (UFI®) offers a varied selection of broadband infrared mirrors designed for ultrafast laser systems. For example, we provide mirrors for thulium- and holmium-based systems operating in the 2-μm spectral region, Cr:ZnS systems around 2.4 μm and Cr:ZnSe for 3.2 μm. Such mirrors can be provided with precise control of chromatic dispersion.

Edmund Optics offers a wide range of infrared optics, using materials like aluminum, calcium fluoride, fused silica, germanium, magnesium fluoride, sapphire, silicon, zinc selenide, zinc sulfide and other infrared materials.

google scholar.de

We offer IR optics in germanium, silicon, ZnSe, ZnS, BaF2, MgF2 or chalcogenide glass – lenses, prisms and windows. We do on demand manufacturing.

Ecoptik manufactures precision infrared optical devices based on germanium, silicon, zinc selenide, zinc sulfide and other materials. Customized high-precision and complex optical devices, including short-wave infrared optical devices of many kinds can be made. Feel free to contact us!

Infrared optics are required for certain lasers emitting at long wavelengths – for example CO2 lasers working at 10.6 μm. Due to the high power levels, it is essential to reach very low absorption losses of laser optics. Similarly, many optical parametric oscillators and amplifiers emit light at long wavelengths, and this often in relatively broad wavelength regions, so that broadband infrared optics are required.

Many optical elements and systems need to work with infrared light – sometimes in addition to visible light, but often in the infrared spectrum region only. Some are made as laser line optics for specific wavelengths, while others work in wide wavelength ranges. Particularly for components operated at relatively long wavelengths (mid and far infrared), the term infrared optics is common. Even longer wavelength regions e.g. for terahertz radiation are usually considered to be outside the area of infrared optics.

Such behavior with a relatively sharp infrared absorption edge is typical; it results from multiphonon absorption. This process sets in where the photon energy is only a small multiple of the maximum phonon energy, so that the energy of a photon can be converted to that of a few phonons. For shorter optical wavelengths (higher photon energies), such processes have higher orders (i.e., involve more phonons) and rapidly become very weak. Equally, it helps if the material is chosen such that it has low phonon energies, i.e., relatively slow vibrations of its lattice. Typically, that is the case for materials with relatively heavy constituents. At the same time, such materials often exhibit a small band gap energy, which results in strong absorption for shorter wavelengths: both edges of the transparency range are shifted towards longer wavelengths. As a result, such materials often exhibit strong absorption in the visible spectral region. Some of them look yellow or orange due to absorption only in the blue region, while others are even completely opaque.

Jul 7, 2017 — We classify electromagnetic wave polarization as linearly polarized or circularly polarized, depending on whether the electric vector maintains ...

Literaturverzeichnis Generator

Naturally, scattering processes are relatively weak at long optical wavelengths. For example, the intensity of Rayleigh scattering – scattering at objects which are far smaller than the wavelength – scales with the inverse fourth power of the wavelength. Therefore, scattering losses are usually not a serious concern for infrared optics – very much in contrast to ultraviolet optics – although the homogeneity of infrared materials is often not perfect.

LightMachinery has extensive expertise in the manufacturing and testing of infrared optics based on zinc selenide, zinc sulfide and germanium optics for CO2 lasers, e.g. in the form of mirrors, lenses and rhomb retarders. In addition, we have a thorough understanding of the importance of high damage threshold coatings for our laser customers.

Unfortunately, some of the materials used for infrared optics are quite toxic. Examples are cadmium tellurite, lead telluride, and various arsenic compounds. During use of the optics, this is normally not a hazard, since the toxic substances are firmly bound in the material. However, they can be problematic when devices are not properly disposed after the end of their use cycle.

Knight Optical can offer a variety of stock and custom infrared optics, such as lenses, windows, prisms and filters. We can provide these in a wide range of different materials including germanium, silicon, zinc selenide, calcium fluoride, sapphire, magnesium fluoride, zinc sulphide. Our custom infrared optics include aspheric lenses, filters working in the IR wavelengths, and coatings optimised for the different thermal wavebands, as well as diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings for extra durability of a surface.

It is important to have a wide range of such materials, since various properties need to be considered for applications:

Vortex Optical Coatings design and manufacture infrared filters for the most demanding and complex applications. We cover the band from 1–6 microns.

A concave mirror converges light to a focal point. For lenses, light converges to a point for a convex lens. A convex mirror diverges light, as does a concave ...

The RP Fiber Power software in version 8 reaches a new level of usability combined with great power. Simply fill out one of the Power Forms for setting up a sophisticated multi-stage fiber amplifier system, for example!

Avantier produces a wide range of high quality infrared optics, including infrared lenses, prisms, windows, mirrors, and laser and imaging assemblies. Our state-of-the-art equipment allows us to achieve unparalleled precision and surface quality, and every piece we manufacture is subject to stringent quality controls.

Frequently used infrared optical elements include lenses (also achromatic ones), mirrors, beam splitters, prisms, optical filters, optical windows and polarizers. Those may be supplied separately or as parts of more complex optical assemblies.

Please do not enter personal data here. (See also our privacy declaration.) If you wish to receive personal feedback or consultancy from the author, please contact him, e.g. via e-mail.

Zitiergenerator APA

Note: this box searches only for keywords in the titles of articles, and for acronyms. For full-text searches on the whole website, use our search page.

EKSMA Optics has substrates and finished optical components – windows, lenses and mirrors made from lithium fluoride (LiF), calcium fluoride (CaF2), barium fluoride (BaF2), sapphire (Al2O3), zinc selenide (ZnSe) and germanium (Ge) for laser and optical instruments applications in the infrared wavelength range.

Excellent mid range pliers at a good price. Really nice fit and finish and premium looks. Comfort grip rubber handles feel great. Jaws will hold tight to ...

At Shanghai Optics we design and manufacture a wide variety of custom optical IR components. Our state of the art equipment allows us to achieve unparalleled precision and surface quality, and every piece we manufacture is subject to stringent quality controls.

He Rui Optics offers infrared optics based on a wide range of materials, with diameters from 0.2 mm to 300 mm and with different surface quality standards.

Infrared materials can be (mono)crystalline, glasses, semiconductors or metals. Some typical materials used for infrared optics are described in the following:

Gewone wratten ... Gewone wratten zijn verheven, bloemkoolachtige en vast aanvoelende uitgroeisels van de huid. De officiële benaming is verruca vulgaris.

Oct 6, 2011 — ... glass to its rough shape in a cnc machine. And nto some special glass machining machine - I've seen them and they look like the cats ass ...

Further, our infrared windows can be used at 0.75 μm to 20 μm and our infrared lenses are suitable in a wide spectral range from 700 nm to 20000 nm. Infrared domes are suitable for 3 μm to 12 μm. AR coating options include broadband anti-reflection coatings (BBAR), long-pass anti-reflection coatings and hard diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating for application in harsh environments.

Literaturverzeichnis Generator Harvard

An essential condition for optical elements to work with infrared light is that transparency (i.e., propagation with low absorption and scattering losses) is obtained for optical materials – particularly for elements like lenses and prisms, where propagation lengths can be significant, but often also for dielectric coatings.

Custom mid-IR optics can be designed for spectral range 1 – 5 µm, using standard or CaF2, MgF2, YAG, sapphire or silicon substrates.

Using our advertising package, you can display your logo, further below your product description, and these will been seen by many photonics professionals.

Highest power green laser allowed by the FDA. At <5mW, the green beam is clearly visible outdoors in the dark so it is perfect for astronomers and others ...

Shalom EO offers a wide range of infrared optics – not only singlet IR optical lenses, IR optical windows and IR domes, but also lens modules designed for MWIR (3-5 μm) and LWIR (8-12 μm) thermal imaging cameras. A variety of specific infrared optical materials are available: germanium, zinc selenide (ZnSe), zinc sulfide (ZnS), chalcogenide glass, silicon, sapphire and fluoride (CaF2, BaF2, MgF2 and LiF). Our fabrication techniques include conventional polishing and diamond turning. Moreover, multiple types of modules with flat, spherical and aspherical optical surfaces are optional for different requirements. Referring to the thermal imaging lenses, Hangzhou Shalom EO offers standard lenses and hundreds of custom free-designed lens modules (e.g. athermalized lenses, fisheye lenses, single FOV, dual FOV, zoom lenses).

QuellenGenerator

The Model 1507 and 1508 Novette helium-neon laser systems incorporate hard-sealed internal-mirror 1007 and 1008 plasma tubes and power modules into ...

Welbilt Deutschland GmbH Talstraße 35, 82436 Eglfing, Germany Vertrieb/Sales: Auf der Weih 11, 35745 Herborn, Germany Phone: +49(0)2772 58050

Image

Image

We offer a wide range of IR substrates, including Ge, Si, ZnSe, ZnS, ZnS , CaF2, BaF2 and GaAs. Our lenses and windows are available with multiple anti-reflection coating options that can increase durability and improve performance.

By submitting the information, you give your consent to the potential publication of your inputs on our website according to our rules. (If you later retract your consent, we will delete those inputs.) As your inputs are first reviewed by the author, they may be published with some delay.

Here you can submit questions and comments. As far as they get accepted by the author, they will appear above this paragraph together with the author’s answer. The author will decide on acceptance based on certain criteria. Essentially, the issue must be of sufficiently broad interest.