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Stagemicroscopefunction

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Solution: Instead of the standard configuration, setup the microscope with a 0.5X objective to increase the working distance to 187 mm. The result of using this lower power objective is that the magnification range decreases by one half and at the same time the field of view double. To restore the microscope system to the original condition (magnification and field of view), replace the 10X eyepieces with 20X eyepieces. The use of these two options restores the visual field of view and magnification range back to the original condition with the added benefit of a larger working distance.

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MicroscopeObjectives magnification

NOTE: If a 1/3” inch camera (6mm diagonal) is used on the 0.5X microscope adaptor you can apply the ratio of 6/8 for the reduction in the captured field.

The resulting image resolution is a measure of the degree to which the digital image represents the fine details of the analogue image recorded by a microscope.

Typesof microscopeobjectives

A variety of microscope objectives are available. All objectives use lenses to focus light. Light is broken down into various wavelengths (colors) as it travels through a lens. The various wavelengths have different focal points. That means that red, green and blue appears to focus at different points. This is called chromatic aberration. Spherical aberrations are focal mismatches caused by the shape of the lens. Quality lenses are designed correct for chromatic and spherical aberration to bring the primary colors to a common focal point. These terms may help you determine the best objective for your application:

Microscopeparts

TIP: On the trinocular version of the PZMIII or PZMIV stereo microscope with the standard configuration (1.0X objective, 10X eyepieces) and with the optimal camera adaptor (0.5X on a ½” CCD camera) the video capture field of view is up to 40% less than the visual field. By using a 0.5X objective with 20X eyepieces the video capture area doubles, and the resulting video capture more closely matches the visual field of view.

Plan objective–These objectives produces a flat image across the field of view. The three objectives discussed above all produce a curved image. A plan-achromat, plan-fluorite or plan-apochromat are corrected.

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Infinity Correction–When measuring from the back end of the objective to the primary focal plane, many microscopes are limited to a specific distance (160mm). More expensive microscope use a different series of lenses, prisms and mirrors to allow for an "infinite" distance between those two points. This is called infinity correction.

Resolution is proportional to the size of the NA and inversely proportional to the wavelength. Therefore, if the highest possible resolution is to be achieved, then either the probing frequency must be increased, or the size of the NA should be increased. Illumination with with ultraviolet light (UV), rather than photopic wavelengths, will permit finer detail, allowing the user to observe better resolution of the subject. However, by decreasing the illumination wavelength, finer and finer detail can be resolved, until a threshold limit is reached, called the diffraction limit. The ideal diffraction limit of an optical microscope is around 200 nm, around half the wavelength of illumination. However, this is an ideal measure which can never be achieved due to imperfections in the optics.

Achromatic objectives–This objective brings red and blue light to a common focus, and is corrected for spherical aberrations for green. It is excellent for black and white viewing. If an objective is not labeled, it is achromatic.

What is thepurposeof the objectivelens inalightmicroscope

What is objectivelens inmicroscope

Problem: The PZMIII or PZMIV stereo zoom microscope normally comes with a 1.0X objective and a 10X pair of eyepieces. The magnification is 6X to 50X, however the concept of magnification is difficult to visualize. Let's discuss what can be seen at the two zoom extremes. Imagine the visual circle to be a range of 34–4.2 mm. This microscope has a working distance of 100mm. Researchers working with small animals will have difficulty working in this tight space.

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The magnification of the image depends on the combination of the eyepiece and the objective used. This combination also affects the field of view. This example shows how these factors inter-relate.

Fluorite or semi-apochromat objectives–These lenses are chromatically corrected for red and blue, and the green focus is also close. They are spherically corrected for blue and green. This objective is better suited for color viewing or recording than achromatic objectives.

There are two parameters which define the resolution of a digital image, ie. the amount of information that a digital image holds. Firstly, the spatial resolution, which is the number of pixels used to construct an image. Obviously, the more pixels that are present in a given amount of area, the higher the spatial resolution will be. But resolution is also dependent on the dynamic range available to the pixel elements. The dynamic range is the range of intensity values or grey values that the detector can differentiate. The pixels in a digital image will have discreet grey levels that cycle between varying levels from white to black. The cycle rate between black and white levels is called the spatial frequency. When the sampling frequency is reduced, fine details are lost, resulting in aliasing. The greater the dynamic range of a detector, the better the contrast will be. The contrast …..

Objectivelensmicroscopefunction

Resolution is defined as the ability of an optical system to differentiate between two closely spaced lines. In terms of the optics, the limit of resolution of a microscope objective refers to its ability to distinguish between two closely spaced Airy disks in the diffraction pattern. The Airy disk represents the absolute limit of resolution achievable by an optical system. (Ultimately, any image is made up of an astronomical number of Airy disks). According to the Rayleigh Criterion, the objects will be resolved when they have a separation of at least R.  In an ideal optical system, the optical resolution is restricted by the numerical aperture (NA) and by the wavelength of light;

Aimsof microscopepractical

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The magnification of the ocular lenses on your scope is 10X. Objective lens X Ocular lens = Total magnification. For example: low power: (10X)(10X) = ...

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The first image shows the eyepiece view when using a 1.0X objective with a 10X eyepiece. It has a 34mm field of view. The second image shows the video field of view of about 16–4.7mm (COLCAM-NTSC camera with a 0.5X coupler). The third image shows the video view that approximates the eyepiece view. It uses a 0.5X objective with a 20X eyepiece.

Apochromatic objective–This is the most expensive objective. It is chromatically adjusted for four colors (deep blue, blue, green and red) and spherically corrected for deep blue, blue and sometimes green. This is the best choice for color viewing. These have a higher numerical aperture (N.A.) than achromats or fluorites.