What Makes a Great Reflector - infrared reflectors
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k1: Principal transmittance or insertion loss is the transmission of linearly polarized incident light with the polarizer oriented for maximum transmission.
The verifier itself has to be moved across the barcode to achieve this, and this technique is quickly learnt. This means that the verification process is faster and uses more than the minimum of ten scans that the international standards require.
These specialty optical fibers allow only one polarization state to propagate. The light introduced that has any other polarization direction will have significant optical loss and won’t be propagated through the fiber. Polarization fibers are designed to exhibit extreme birefringence, resulting in only light with the desired polarization direction being guided through the fiber, with all other polarization directions having very high losses. Polarization fibers offer several advantages over in-line polarizers, including lower insertion loss, higher extinction ratio, as well as no complicated component assemblies and packaging.
Precision linear polarizers are constructed by laminating a thin, stretched and dyed polymer polarizing film between two high-precision AR coated glass or fused silica windows. The polymer has been stretched and stressed in one direction to align the long polymer molecules to create a filtering effect, which allows light waves oscillating parallel to the direction of the stress to pass through, while blocking their polarization. The compact component that results is ideal for flux densities below 1 W/cm2. Polymer polarizers are used throughout the visible spectrum.
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Axicon has launched its new Axicon 6100-S barcode verifier, an evolution of the Axicon 6000 series of verifiers, which can be used to check the linear barcodes typically used on retail point of sale items. This includes all the EAN/UPC and GS1 DataBar barcodes, as well as Code-128 barcodes that are no wider than 69 mm including their quiet zones. It complies with ISO/IEC 15426-1, is CE certified, and has a two year manufacturer’s warranty.
We have specialised in all aspects of barcode excellence for over 30 years and the name Axicon is now synonymous with barcode quality.
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A polarizer is an optical component that is designed to filter, modify or analyze the polarization states of light. Polarizers can be integrated into optical systems to increase contrast, decrease glare or to measure changes in temperature, magnetic fields or gauge chemical reactions.
The material that is used in the manufacture of a polarizer and the actual polarizer design combine to determine the laser damage threshold. Birefringent polarizers have the highest laser damage threshold. Beamsplitters, which are two optics cemented together, will have low laser induced damage threshold and air-spaced birefringent polarizers have high laser induced damage threshold.
Superior high-energy polarizer performance is achieved through advanced coating design and meticulous production procedures. These optics have been developed for use in some of the most demanding lasers in the world. Some polarizer coatings have been optimized for use with Nd:YAG lasers. When these polarizers are mounted at Brewster’s angle, extinction ratios exceed 100:1. Thin film polarizers have also been optimized for ultrashort pulses. These thin film polarizers have been designed to provide superior performance in ultrafast Ti: Sapphire regenerative amplifiers. While pulse lengths are relatively long in these amplifiers, pulse dispersion is still a concern if pulse width is to be maintained in the recompressed pulse. Multiple round trips in the amplifier have a multiplying effect on the dispersive characteristics of any optic in the cavity. For this reason, substantial effort has been made in designing and testing these polarizers for minimum pulse dispersion.
“The 6100-S includes incremental design improvements that we have made to other Axicon verifiers, and we are able to offer this at the same price as its predecessor”, explained Martin Morrison, Axicon managing director. The Axicon 6100-S can be ordered now from Axicon or any of its resellers, and deliveries will begin in early February.
Established in 1979 as a provider of high-quality barcode images for the printing industry, we still specialise in producing barcode images, and barcode labels, as well as a range of barcode verification equipment. We also provide a range of services to support our clients, including training, consultancy, and barcode verification.
Axicon Auto ID Limited is celebrating 30 years of certification to ISO 9001, the international standard for quality management systems. Axicon was first certified to ISO 9001 by LRQA UK on 21 December 1993.
H90: Closed transmittance, k1k2, is the transmittance of two polarizers oriented for minimum transmission in unpolarized incident light.
Axicon’s certification is for the quality management system that covers the design and development of barcode verifiers, their manufacture and servicing, the printing of self-adhesive labels, and the creation of digital barcode images, all from the company’s site at Weston on the Green, Oxfordshire
“Axicon has always placed quality at the heart of what we do, and being certified to ISO 9001 for quality management systems since 1993 has provided extra reassurance to our customers,” explained Martin Morrison, managing director of Axicon. “ISO 9001 asks us to place customers first, and to work for continuous improvement. Maintaining this certification has helped us to excel in our manufacturing of barcode images, self-adhesive labels, and barcode verifiers that are in use worldwide by major companies in many industrial sectors.”
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Acceptance angle is the maximum deviation from the design incidence angle where the polarizer will still perform within its specifications. Angles of incidence of 0° or 45° or at Brewster’s angle is where most polarizers are optimally designed to work.
k2: Minor transmittance or blocking efficiency is the transmission of linearly polarized light with the polarizer oriented for minimum transmission.
H0: Open transmittance, (k12 + k22) / 2, is the transmittance of two polarizers oriented for maximum transmission in unpolarized incident light.
Calcite linear polarizers use birefringence in crystalline materials to modify the polarization of incident light. The transmission of the desired polarization and the deviation of the remaining light is directly related to birefringent materials’ index of refraction, as well as the angles of the cut between the crystals. Crystalline polarizers usually are made up of two birefringent crystals cut and aligned at specific crystalline axes in order to attain a particular polarization behavior outcome. Crystalline polarizers offer a high optical purity, which is ideally suited for a wide variety of laser applications that require high damage thresholds with optimized extinction ratios. These polarizers feature high extinction ratios up to 100,000:1 and are contained in a mountable anodized aluminum housing. The polarizers include Glan-Laser Calcite Polarizers, Glan-Thompson Calcite Polarizers, Rotatable Glan-Thompson Calcite Polarizers and Wollaston Calcite Polarizing Prisms.
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We have also always been involved in the creation and updating of UK and international standards for identification and barcoding. Our staff have contributed to the work of GS1 UK, as well as BSI’s IST/34 committee which helps develop the ISO/IEC standards concerning barcodes and verification. We also contribute to GS1’s Barcode Technology Group and the development of the GS1 General Specifications.
Since light is an electromagnetic wave, its wave has an electric field, and this wave oscillates perpendicular to the direction of propagation. Unpolarized light has the direction of this electric field fluctuating randomly in time. Examples of unpolarized light include the sun’s light, halogen lights, LED spotlights and incandescent lightbulbs. Polarized light’s electric field has a well-defined direction. Laser light is the most familiar example of polarized light. There are three kinds of polarizations, depending on how the electric field is oriented:
The 6100-S uses the same software as all the other Axicon linear barcode verifiers; it can be used with computers running the Windows operating system, and with the Android app on some tablets and other suitable Android devices.
Polarizing Cube Beamsplitters consist of a pair of precision right-angle prisms carefully optically contacted or cemented together to minimize wavefront distortion. A dielectric coating is placed onto the hypotenuse of one of the prisms. Polarizing beamsplitters are designed to split the light into two –reflected S-polarized and transmitted P-polarized beams. They can be used to split unpolarized light at a ratio of 50/50, as well as for polarization separation applications, including optical isolation.
Linear polarizers exhibit polarizing properties that are usually defined by a degree of polarization efficiency (P) and its extinction ratio (ρp), which can vary with wavelength and incident angle.
Polarization in fiber optics is a very important characteristic that can be utilized in any fiber optic measurements or systems. Fiber-Optic Polarization Control products include Manual Polarization controllers, Polarization Beam Combiners and Splitters, Fiber Optic In-line Polarizers, Fixed Ratio Porlarization Maintaining Couplers, Fiber Optic Faraday Rotator Mirrors and Fiber Optic Depolarizers.
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Axicon develops, manufactures and maintains its range of barcode verifiers at the company headquarters, north of Oxford. Our range of barcode verifiers is distributed through a network of international partners across the globe, and our clients include major manufacturers and retailers worldwide.
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This new verifier is a replacement for the Axicon 6015 and 6025-S verifiers, and has a larger field of view of 69 mm. It has a continuous scan option which means an operator can capture multiple reads through the height of the symbol with only one operation.
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Elliptical polarization is when light’s electric field describes an ellipse. This is caused by a combination of two linear components with different amplitudes or a phase difference that isn’t π/2. Elliptical polarization is the most common description of polarized light, while circular and linear polarized light can be looked at versions of elliptically polarized light.
Defined relative to the plane of incidence of the light ray on a surface, there are two orthogonal linear polarization states that are important for reflection and transmission, p- and s-polarization. P-polarized light (from the German word parallel) has its electric field polarized parallel to the plane of incidence. S-polarized light (from the German word senkrecht) is perpendicular to the plane of incidence.
Axicon Auto ID is a world leader in barcode verification, having developed and manufactured our own verifiers since 1989. Axicon barcode verifiers are used across the globe and are fully compliant with the international ISO/IEC standards for both linear and matrix bar codes. These verifiers are used to measure the quality of printed barcodes, on all levels of product packaging.
The mechanism of polarization in a dichroic polarizer is selective absorption and transmission of incident radiation. Dichroic is the selective polarization absorption of the anistotropic polarizating material, also called diattenuation. Anisotropic means that a material exhibits the physical property that it has a different value when it is measured in different directions. Examples include oriented polymer molecules and stretched nanoparticles. Dichroic polarizers exhibit limited damage thresholds and environmental stability, with glass dichroic polarizers performing better than plastic dichroic polarizers in these areas. Dichroic polarizers are useful when very large apertures are needed for an application. They are also used for microscopy, imaging and display applications.
Circular polarization is when the electric field of light is made up of two linear components perpendicular to one another, of the same amplitude, but with a phase difference of π/2. The electric field that results will rotate in a circle about the propagation direction and, depending on the rotation direction, is referred to as right- or left-hand circularly polarized light.