Coarse adjustmentmicroscope function

Nosepiece houses the objectives. The objectives are exposed and are mounted on a rotating turret so that different objectives can be conveniently selected. Standard objectives include 4x, 10x, 40x and 100x although different power objectives are available.

Eyepiece or Ocular is what you look through at the top of the microscope. Typically, standard eyepieces have a magnifying power of 10x. Optional eyepieces of varying powers are available, typically from 5x-30x.

Function ofarm inmicroscope

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The LRA consists of eight circular 1.27-cm diameter corner-cube retroreflectors mounted on a 5.11 cm diameter, 1.65 cm high hemispherical gold-painted platform. Each of the eight retroreflectors points in a slightly different direction, and each has a maximum useful light incidence angle of about +-20 degrees. Four retroreflectors are evenly distributed in a ring on the hemisphere 20 degrees from zenith, and four in a ring 40 degrees from zenith. They are made from Suprasil quartz, index of refraction is 1.46. The equivalent optical cross section is 10,000 to 100,000 square meters, but is still not enough to use Earth-based laser ranging. Total mass of the LRA is 20 grams, it requires no power.

Stage is where the specimen to be viewed is placed. A mechanical stage is used when working at higher magnifications where delicate movements of the specimen slide are required.

Function ofbody tube inmicroscope

Illuminator is the light source for a microscope, typically located in the base of the microscope. Most light microscopes use low voltage, halogen bulbs with continuous variable lighting control located within the base.

A high power or compound microscope achieves higher levels of magnification than a stereo or low power microscope. It is used to view smaller specimens such as cell structures which cannot be seen at lower levels of magnification. Essentially, a compound microscope consists of structural and optical components. However, within these two basic systems, there are some essential components that every microscopist should know and understand. These key microscope parts are illustrated and explained below.

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What iseyepieceinmicroscope

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Function of an eyepiece on a microscopepdf

The Intuitive Machines 1 Odysseus lander touched down on the Moon on February 22, but tipped over and came to rest tilted at 30 degrees to the horizontal. It is believed the LRA is still in a position where it will be able to return laser transmissions from orbiting spacecraft.

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Function ofnosepiece inmicroscope

Stage Clips are used when there is no mechanical stage. The viewer is required to move the slide manually to view different sections of the specimen.

The Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA) is designed to use reflected laser light from orbiting spacecraft laser (typically a laser altimeter or light detection and ranging - lidar) to precisely determine the location of the lander, as a fiducial marker, and the distance to that point on the lunar surface with respect to the orbiter. The retroreflectors reflect any light striking them directly back to the source. They can be tracked by an orbiting laser altimeter or lidar from a few hundred kilometers.

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The Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA) is designed to use reflected laser light from orbiting spacecraft laser (typically a laser altimeter or light detection and ranging - lidar) to precisely determine the location of the lander, as a fiducial marker, and the distance to that point on the lunar surface with respect to the orbiter. The retroreflectors reflect any light striking them directly back to the source. They can be tracked by an orbiting laser altimeter or lidar from a few hundred kilometers. The LRA consists of eight circular 1.27-cm diameter corner-cube retroreflectors mounted on a 5.11 cm diameter, 1.65 cm high hemispherical gold-painted platform. Each of the eight retroreflectors points in a slightly different direction, and each has a maximum useful light incidence angle of about +-20 degrees. Four retroreflectors are evenly distributed in a ring on the hemisphere 20 degrees from zenith, and four in a ring 40 degrees from zenith. They are made from Suprasil quartz, index of refraction is 1.46. The equivalent optical cross section is 10,000 to 100,000 square meters, but is still not enough to use Earth-based laser ranging. Total mass of the LRA is 20 grams, it requires no power. Note that laser altimeters are not designed to be used to range to the LRAs, they have very small footprints and would only "hit" an LRA on occasional passes. Lidars with wider footprints are more efficient for actual ranging from orbiters. Also note that if the range to an orbiter can be precisely determined (e.g. from a larger LRA on the orbiter that can be ranged to from Earth), an accurate distance from Earth to the LRA on the lunar surface can be obtained. Measurements from multiple LRAs at different points on the Moon can be used to create an accurate geodetic network. The Intuitive Machines 1 Odysseus lander touched down on the Moon on February 22, but tipped over and came to rest tilted at 30 degrees to the horizontal. It is believed the LRA is still in a position where it will be able to return laser transmissions from orbiting spacecraft. Image credit: NASA-GSFC

Coarse and Fine Focus knobs are used to focus the microscope. Increasingly, they are coaxial knobs - that is to say they are built on the same axis with the fine focus knob on the outside. Coaxial focus knobs are more convenient since the viewer does not have to grope for a different knob.

Structure andfunction of an eyepiece on a microscope

Iris Diaphragm controls the amount of light reaching the specimen. It is located above the condenser and below the stage. Most high quality microscopes include an Abbe condenser with an iris diaphragm. Combined, they control both the focus and quantity of light applied to the specimen.

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Note that laser altimeters are not designed to be used to range to the LRAs, they have very small footprints and would only "hit" an LRA on occasional passes. Lidars with wider footprints are more efficient for actual ranging from orbiters. Also note that if the range to an orbiter can be precisely determined (e.g. from a larger LRA on the orbiter that can be ranged to from Earth), an accurate distance from Earth to the LRA on the lunar surface can be obtained. Measurements from multiple LRAs at different points on the Moon can be used to create an accurate geodetic network.

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Condenser is used to collect and focus the light from the illuminator on to the specimen. It is located under the stage often in conjunction with an iris diaphragm.

Microscopeparts and functions

Objective Lenses are the primary optical lenses on a microscope. They range from 4x-100x and typically, include, three, four or five on lens on most microscopes. Objectives can be forward or rear-facing.

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Eyepiece Tube holds the eyepieces in place above the objective lens. Binocular microscope heads typically incorporate a diopter adjustment ring that allows for the possible inconsistencies of our eyesight in one or both eyes. The monocular (single eye usage) microscope does not need a diopter. Binocular microscopes also swivel (Interpupillary Adjustment) to allow for different distances between the eyes of different individuals.