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Absorption filterworking principle

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Several light sources produce light across various wavelengths. While this wavelength spectrum can be useful in lighting applications, other applications require light with a restricted visible spectrum. Limiting light wavelengths can be readily accomplished using specialized light filters.

Absorption filterwater

Undesirable light wavelengths are blocked or absorbed by an absorptive filter while selectively transmitting the light of desired wavelengths or color range. These filters are typically made of dyed glass, pigmented gelatin resins, or synthetic plastics. Rare earth transition metals and colloidal dyes are also found in glass and plastic filters to boost the material's absorption capabilities. As a result of the materials used to produce these filters, they also generate fluorescence.

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The transmitted and reflected wavelengths depend on the filter’s bandpass, which is influenced by the nature of the layered surface and the number of layers on the glass surface. The reflective cavities between the film layers allow interference filters to achieve their precise filtering goals.

When deciding between absorptive and interference filters, the decision should be made based on the application of the filter. Other factors that should be taken into account when choosing an optical filter include:

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Absorptionfilters in spectroscopy

Absorption filters are advantageous in applications that do not necessitate precise transmission wavelengths. They can also be used to isolate broad bands of wavelengths and for applications that require the blockage of short wavelengths while transmitting longer ones.

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Bandpassfilter

Interference filters can be distinguished from absorptive filters that transmit over large wavelengths, as they can narrow to specific wavelength bands. Other main benefits of these filters are outlined below:

Absorption filterformula

Shanghai Optics. "Absorption vs. Interference Optical Filters: Materials and Functionality". AZoM. https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=23772. (accessed November 23, 2024).

Dichroic filters comprise thin, multilayered film coatings deposited on optical-grade glass. Advanced interference filters have consecutive dielectric layers deposited on the optical glass or polymer surface. When light hits the filter’s coatings, the film layers magnify and transmit some desirable wavelengths while reflecting the undesired ones.

The capacity of absorption filters to transmit desired wavelengths is predicated on the amount of pigmentation or dye the filter contains and its thickness. The quality of the glass or polymer from which the filter is made also plays an important role, as it should be able to deliver uniformity of color and density across the entire optical surface of the filter.

Interferencefilterworking principle

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Unlike a porous filter, an interference filter transmits some wavelengths while dismissing others through reflection or destructive interference. Interference filters are also known as dichroic filters. The name dichroic derives from the Greek word dichros which translates as “two colors”. This name is given due to the fact these filters adopt a two-tone effect as under transmitted light the filter appears as one color and another color when exposed to reflected light. The colors are usually on opposite sides of the color wheel since the wavebands are mutually exclusive.

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Absorption filterapplications

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In contrast to absorption filters, dichroic filters are better suited to applications that demand precise transmission wavelengths. The applications of dichronic filters include:

Shanghai Optics. (2024, July 08). Absorption vs. Interference Optical Filters: Materials and Functionality. AZoM. Retrieved on November 23, 2024 from https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=23772.

Shanghai Optics. 2024. Absorption vs. Interference Optical Filters: Materials and Functionality. AZoM, viewed 23 November 2024, https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=23772.

These filters, known commonly as optical filters, comprise materials such as glass, gelatin, or dyed plastic. They allow light to be transmitted selectively across a range of different wavelengths. Filters are often made with treated, transparent glass or plastic to enable the transmission of some wavelengths while selectively reflecting or absorbing other wavelengths. Because optical filters work by either reflecting or absorbing undesirable light, they are classified into absorption and interference filters.

Absorptionfilters and interference filters

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Therefore, it is key to be able to tell the difference between absorption and interference filters. In this article, we take a look at each of these filters.

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Shanghai Optics. "Absorption vs. Interference Optical Filters: Materials and Functionality". AZoM. 23 November 2024. .