Principleof laser

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The key to performing finer machining is in achieving a small machining point (spot diameter).Laser processing uses a condenser lens to achieve a smaller machining point (focal spot diameter).By selecting and adjusting the wavelength, the focal length of the lens, and other parameters, the size can be fine-tuned down to a few micrometers.Laser processing, which allows the machining point to be drawn very small and moved around freely, enables a wide range of microfabrication, from large and small squares and rectangles to irregularly shaped holes with a mixture of straight and curved lines.

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Although tapering in laser processing is inevitable, we have made taperless processing a reality by combining specialized optical systems.

Lasers have different wavelengths depending on the type. Wavelength selection options enable processing of various materials, such as resins, metals, ceramics, and glass. In addition, the shorter the wavelength, the smaller the obtained machining point (spot diameter) will be, which reduces the heat load and enables finer machining.

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Laser processing enables the processing of a variety of materials. By skillfully utilizing the combined characteristics of lasers, we are able to minimize the burden on the workpiece and achieve proper machining, even with fragile materials.

Characteristics of a laserin physics

A laser is a device that generates intense light by using coupled mirrors to reflect and amplify light that is emitted when energy is applied to a specific substance (medium for carrying energy waves).

When machining a rigid drill directly against a workpiece, cracks and distortions are likely to occur. However, the mechanical load on the workpiece is eliminated with non-contact laser processing, in which the light is set to a high energy level and applied to a small area of the workpiece. Therefore, it is also suitable for processing thin sheets, which tend to easily become misshapen.

Characteristics of laserPDF

Diameter of the field of view (mm) = F / M, where F is the number of field of view (FOV) of the eyepiece, and M is the magnification (mag.) of the objective.

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Laser beams are created using a condenser lens which collects and combines light, transforming it into light of an even higher energy density. This is then used in the irradiation of materials, enabling drilling, cutting and so on.Laser processing is used in the machining of various materials, such as metals, ceramics, glass, wood, leather, and cloth. It is also used in the latest medical technology.

Fivecharacteristics of a laser

Depth of field refers to the distance, from closest to farthest, in a photo that appears to be acceptably sharp or in focus. It denotes the extent of the ...

Directionalityof laser

A lubricant is required when applying a drill to a workpiece, however, it is not necessary in laser processing. This allows for a wider selection of workpiece materials than is possible with drill machining and eliminates the mechanical load on the workpiece. The absence of the need for waste oil treatment makes it an environmentally friendly process.

For example: Diameter of  the field of view (mm) = 20 / 40 = 0.50, where 20 is the field number of eyepiece, and 40 = objective mag.

Due to the nature of the light, it is unfortunately inevitable that laser processing will have a smaller processing diameter (taper) on the exit side than the processing diameter on the entrance side of the laser.

In laser processing, heat is used on the workpiece to instantly evaporate the material. This creates a tendency for dross and flying debris to stick to the workpiece. Furthermore, peripheral areas are exposed to heat, which makes them prone to becoming brittle and cracked.

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Most modern microscopes have eyepieces with the number of field of view at 20 or 22. The diameters of the field of view are listed:

Characteristics of a laserbeam

Simple adjustments to processing parameters enable laser processing to accommodate a wide variety of production capacities, from trial runs and small batches to full on mass production. As a result, expectations of laser processing are on the rise.

Monochromaticityof laser

Most people use put a transparent plastic ruler under microscope to perform this task. Actually, the microscope itself provides pretty accurate measurements ranging from 0.2 - 10 mm. Based on optical physics, the diameter of the field of view can be reliably derived by a simple formula:

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Applicationsof laser

E Kur · 2021 · 14 — The nonlinear medium has a refractive index of the form n=n0+n2I (I being the intensity of the laser field) so the beat wave produces a modulation of the index ...

In order to obtain clean results with high precision when using laser processing, which is a thermo-mechanical process, the material can be intermittently irradiated (pulsed) with laser light so as to avoid stress from the heat as much as possible.When employing intermittent irradiation with a laser beam, although a shorter pulse width results in greater energy, conversely, the heat load on the material is lessened. When carrying out our most finely detailed processing, we employ lasers set to an ultra-short pulse. This makes it possible to achieve microfabrication with minimal effects from heat.

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The field area (A) is calculated by . If the cell is used as unit (instead of mm), the total number of cells in the field of view can be derived from the number of cells on the diameter line with the formula. This is an excellent approximation for most of our histological samples.  For example, if 16 positive cells and 28 total cells are on the line across diameter, respectively. Then Positive cells (Pi x 82 =201) divided by total cells number (Pi x 142 = 616) in entire field would be % of positive cells (201/ 616= 32.6%) (Figure).

Sep 15, 2024 — It holds the objective lenses.**

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