I understand the concept that I am basically focusing on a "slice" of space in front of me and when I lower the f-stop, this slice of space becomes narrower. I can't figure it out and I end up getting disappointed when I view the pictures on a large screen.

Armmicroscope function

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Focal length of the lens – shorter more DOF – longer less DOF 1. f/# - Lower aperture number (larger opening) less DOF 2. f/# - Higher aperture numbers (smaller opening) more DOF 3. Subject distance – The further the subject the more DOF 4. Viewing distance – The closer the displayed image is to the observer the less DOF 5. Acceptance of what is sharp is a subjective decision 6. DOF charts and calculators abound, but likely we can’t consult during the shoot. Additionally, the DOF viewfinder preview falls short; we must fall back on experience and instinct.

Stage is where the specimen to be viewed is placed. A mechanical stage is used when working at higher magnifications where delicate movements of the specimen slide are required.

Ocular lensmagnification

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Objectivelensmagnification

Depth-of-field (DOF) We focus our camera to obtain a sharp image of an object at a specific distance. We know from practical experience that objects before and behind the distance focused upon will appear sharp. This span of acceptable sharpness is what we term depth-of-field (DOF).

I am fairly new to photography and I have read many "beginners guides" and watched youtube tutorials. One thing that remains elusive to me is how to properly pick what f-stop to use.

Objectivelens function

The issue I primarily run into is that when I take a picture with a lower f-stop, it looks great in my viewfinder. However when I go home to load it on a larger screen, I find that a lot of elements I am trying to capture is actually out of focus.

Iris Diaphragm controls the amount of light reaching the specimen. It is located above the condenser and below the stage. Most high quality microscopes include an Abbe condenser with an iris diaphragm. Combined, they control both the focus and quantity of light applied to the specimen.

Objective Lenses are the primary optical lenses on a microscope. They range from 4x-100x and typically, include, three, four or five on lens on most microscopes. Objectives can be forward or rear-facing.

Objectivelens microscope function

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Coarse and Fine Focus knobs are used to focus the microscope. Increasingly, they are coaxial knobs - that is to say they are built on the same axis with the fine focus knob on the outside. Coaxial focus knobs are more convenient since the viewer does not have to grope for a different knob.

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Ocular lensand objectivelenstotal magnification

Condenser is used to collect and focus the light from the illuminator on to the specimen. It is located under the stage often in conjunction with an iris diaphragm.

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Diopter adjustmentmicroscope function

For portraits, I generally try to pick lower f-stop like between (1.8-6f). For more general use like taking pictures of animals I usually pick between (6f-10f).

Illuminator is the light source for a microscope, typically located in the base of the microscope. Most light microscopes use low voltage, halogen bulbs with continuous variable lighting control located within the base.

A high power or compound microscope achieves higher levels of magnification than a stereo or low power microscope. It is used to view smaller specimens such as cell structures which cannot be seen at lower levels of magnification. Essentially, a compound microscope consists of structural and optical components. However, within these two basic systems, there are some essential components that every microscopist should know and understand. These key microscope parts are illustrated and explained below.

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Nosepiece houses the objectives. The objectives are exposed and are mounted on a rotating turret so that different objectives can be conveniently selected. Standard objectives include 4x, 10x, 40x and 100x although different power objectives are available.

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Ocular lensvs objectivelens

Low power objectives cover a wide field of view and they are useful for examining large specimens or surveying many smaller specimens.

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How do I know how much room I have to play with before a subject goes out of focus? It seems to change with f stop, how close I am to the subject(s), and the focal length I am using.

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Eyepiece Tube holds the eyepieces in place above the objective lens. Binocular microscope heads typically incorporate a diopter adjustment ring that allows for the possible inconsistencies of our eyesight in one or both eyes. The monocular (single eye usage) microscope does not need a diopter. Binocular microscopes also swivel (Interpupillary Adjustment) to allow for different distances between the eyes of different individuals.

Stage Clips are used when there is no mechanical stage. The viewer is required to move the slide manually to view different sections of the specimen.

Eyepiece or Ocular is what you look through at the top of the microscope. Typically, standard eyepieces have a magnifying power of 10x. Optional eyepieces of varying powers are available, typically from 5x-30x.

Some rules-of-thumb: DOF is not split down the middle; it extends about 1/3 back towards the camera and 2/3 behind the distance focused upon. Portraiture likely is best if DOF is shallow; use larger lens openings Landscapes likely best if DOF is expanded; use tiny lens openings. Best if the focus distance and the aperture used match the hyperfocal distance. Hyperfocal distance: Maximizes DOF – all distances acceptably sharp from infinity ∞ to half the distance focused upon. Use tables / charts to find hyperfocal distance. A math formula that will calculate: Focal length X 3.3 ÷ f/number = Hyperfocal Distance in feet. Example: 50mm lens mounted and set to f/16 Hyperfocal Distance = 50 X 3.3 ÷ 16 = 10 feet. Set focus to 10 feet and aperture to f/16 then DOF extends from 5 feet to infinity ∞ .