Infrared light

First of all, welding spectacles and infrared safety spectacles are subject to two different safety standards: while welding spectacles are designed specifically for welding applications and the respective output from the welding machine in accordance with EN 169, infrared safety spectacles are designed in accordance with EN 171; this standard intends for the eye protection to be selected according to the average temperature of the radiating heat source.

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You can find more information on our professional IR products in our online brochure for uvex IR-ex. We also have glare safety spectacles, welding safety spectacles and UV safety spectacles in our range. You can also use our handy tint app to help you to select the correct tint.

The split beams pass through the specimen. The specimen’s varying thickness and refractive indices alter the wave paths of the beams. They then enter the objective, where they are focussed above the rear focal plane. The two beams enter a second prism, in the nosepiece, which combines them. Because the beams passed through different parts of the specimen, they have different lengths.

4. Keeping the condenser facing upwards, use a hex key to unscrew the two screws either side of the condenser to open it up. Turn the top section only upside down.

Aside from the aforementioned situations in people’s personal lives, there are many industrial settings in which infrared radiation is used in a variety of ways. Typical examples include:

The analyser, which is a second polariser, brings the vibrations of the beams into the same plane and axis, causing destructive and constructive interference to occur between the two wavefronts. The light then travels to the eyepiece or camera, where a DIC image with differences in intensity and colour, can be seen.

1. If using a white light source, insert an infrared bandpass filter into the slider on the SliceScope filter wheel and secure in place with a locking screw, this ensures only infrared light passes through to the polariser. If using an IR-LED, a bandpass filter is not needed.

8. As the SliceScope uses de Sénarmont DIC, a quarter waveplate is required, shown in the image below. The quarter waveplate introduces a bias retardation. Adjusting this changes whether structures appear concave or convex. Unscrew the locking knob and adjust the quarter wave plate as desired.

When it comes to the long-term dangers posed by infrared radiation, the key question is how to provide employees with effective, reliable protection to keep them healthy while they work.

Our infrared light spectacles also meet the requirements of U.S. standard ANSI/ISEA Z87.1 and Japanese standard JIS T8141. This multi-certification allows our infrared spectacles to be used for protection when welding and from solar radiation as well. Conversely, a pair of welding safety spectacles does not provide sufficient protection against infrared!

Infrared waves examples

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7. If fluorescence is being used, insert the analyser (U-AN) into the fluorescence turret, as shown below. If fluorescence isn’t being used, insert the analyser (U-ANT) into the U-KPA.

4. a. When using eyepieces: rotate the polariser until there is a dark stripe through the centre of the field of view. This indicates that the polariser and analyser are aligned at 90 degrees to each other.

In DIC, light emitted from the source is linearly polarised by passing through a polariser. The linearly polarised beam of light enters an objective-specific prism, which splits it into two rays that vibrate perpendicular to each other. The rays are parallel as they pass through a condenser, but as they are vibrating perpendicular to each other, they are unable to cause interference.

Particular caution is advised in the event of infrared coming into excessively long direct contact with the eyes because its harmful effect on eye health varies depending on how deeply the IR radiation manages to penetrate the eye tissue:

Infrared wavelength range in nm

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In the infrared light risk assessment for your workplace (for eyes and skin), your distance from the source of radiation and the amount of time spent in front of the radiation source are also relevant in determining the strength of your IR radiation exposure.

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Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) is a microscopy technique that introduces contrast to images of specimens which have little or no contrast when viewed using brightfield microscopy. The images produced using DIC have a pseudo 3D-effect, making the technique ideal for electrophysiology experiments.

Infrared dangers

Using DIC produces high resolution images with good contrast. It is best for visualising unstained samples. When viewing fluorescently labelled compounds, using DIC reduces the fluorescence intensity slightly and so decreases the quality of fluorescence images. However, this decrease is not significant.

Comparing the two standards and the protective effect mentioned therein of welding safety spectacles and infrared safety spectacles, it quickly becomes clear that IR spectacles are capable of absorbing five to ten times more radiation within the 700 to 2,700 nm spectrum than welding spectacles – while still allowing just as much visual radiation through. Our professional uvex IR-ex infrared safety spectacles therefore provide effective protection when working with both types of radiation, meet both standards (EN 169 and EN 171) and are way ahead of welding spectacles when it comes to the protection that they offer. And, because our IR-ex spectacles also provide protection from UV radiation up to 400 nanometres, the requirements of EN 170 for UV filters are also met. Our IR-ex tint therefore offers multiple types of protection for virtually all hazards posed by optical radiation. This multi-certification allows our infrared spectacles to be used for protection when welding and from solar radiation as well. Conversely, a pair of welding safety spectacles does not provide sufficient protection against infrared!

9. The polariser and analyser need to be aligned so that their transmission pathways cross at a 90 degree angle to one another. This can be achieved by rotating the polariser in the filter wheel. As this can be rotated 360 degrees, the analyser and U-KPA can be mounted in any orientation.

An advantage of using DIC over other contrast techniques, such as phase contrast or oblique contrast is that in DIC the full aperture of the microscope is used. For example, in phase contrast, the annulus of the condenser restricts the aperture, reducing the resolution of the image. Unlike phase contrast, DIC images are not disturbed by halo artefacts.

You should now have a clear DIC image! An example of a DIC image is below; the image has good contrast and the C.elegan has a 3D effect.

Infrared is radiation with a wavelength between 780 nanometres and one millimetre on the electromagnetic spectrum. This IR radiation cannot be perceived by the naked eye, even if the heat emitted by the radiation can be felt. Particular caution is therefore required when dealing with extremely warm and prolonged radiation. Infrared light is divided into three types depending on the wavelength: IR-A, IR-B and IR-C. The longer the waves of the IR radiation, the less able they are to penetrate fabric or dermal layers. At 780 nm to 1,400 nm, the comparatively short-wave IR-A radiation is therefore the most harmful type in terms of human health (greatest degree of penetration). UV light is also invisible, but its wavelength spectrum is below 400 nm and it therefore has a shorter wavelength than radiation within the visible range of the spectrum.

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In professional settings, employees working in glass production and the processing of metals or plastics are among those exposed to the potentially harmful effects of infrared radiation, which is invisible to the naked eye. This article will set out the dangers posed by infrared, list the areas in which IR radiation is found and provide clarification on effective measures to tackle the problem.

A stable and compact upright microscope designed to meet the demands of complex electrophysiology studies and related techniques - including two-photon imaging and optogenetics.

Our infrared safety spectacles feature our proven uvex supravision coating technology to pair top protection with a superbly clear view! Choose from the sporty uvex pheos cx2 and the uvex super f OTG as overspecs for prescription spectacle wearers. Experience the quality of our infrared spectacles for yourself and try out the colour recognition on our uvex IR-ex page!

All filters of the infrared safety spectacles and of other PPE in this range must meet the transmission requirements of EN 171 and are divided into defined levels of protection accordingly. Standard 166 for general personal eye protection stipulates further requirements for infrared safety spectacles. You can find illustrations and other explanations of these specifications and the applicable standards for safety spectacles on our website.

If you operate in areas with particularly high levels of infrared radiation – right in front of the iron-melting furnace, for instance – heat protection clothing and special heat protection are indispensable.

2. Move the DIC slider with the U-AN analyser into the light path. The U-ANT is not on a slider and is in a fixed position which is always in the light path.

5. Loosen the grub screw on the side of the condenser and remove the spacer ring from the top half, as this is not needed. Insert the objective-specific prism, lining up the metal pin on the prism with the slot in the condenser. Tighten the grub screw and put the condenser back together. Each objective requires a different objective-specific prism, based on the magnification of the objective, for example a 40x objective requires a WI-DIC40HR objective specific prism. Usually, a prism is only required for the high magnification objective you are using.

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Infrared uses

As an Infrared (IR) light source is usually used, DIC is ideal for imaging thick specimens such as brain slices, as IR light penetrates deeper into tissues than visible light, due to its longer wavelength.

10. For DIC microscopy to be performed, Koehler illumination must be first set-up. Read our 6 step guide to Koehler illumination to help you set this up.

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DIC can be utilised on virtually any upright or inverted microscope, including the Scientifica SliceScope, as long as the polariser, condenser and prisms can be installed.

5. If the condenser and objectives were removed, put them back at this point. Double-check that your condenser is still set-up for Koehler illumination.

Infrared wavelength

For workplaces where less-intense heat sources do not pose an immediate threat but lasting exposure to infrared poses a hazard, uvex has developed a special range of safety spectacles to provide protection from IR radiation: uvex IR-ex. Combining safety with a clear view, these safety spectacles have the following impressive properties:

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10. The lever in the image above controls the condenser iris aperture. If using eyepieces, remove one eyepiece and look down so you can see the internal condenser iris. Adjust the lever until the condenser iris just disappears from the field of view. When using a camera, adjust the lever until the image is at its sharpest.

As well as the acute risks posed by overheating, the chronic effects of infrared light on the eyes (damage to lenses and retina) are good reason to wear appropriate personal protective equipment when working with infrared radiation.

Protect your eyes and those of your employees when working with infrared radiation: rely on the durability, transparency and colour fidelity of uvex IR-ex safety spectacles! Use the temperature of the radiation source to determine the correct level of protection, and please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any questions. You can contact us by telephone (+49 (0)911 97 36 360), by email (serviceteam@uvex.de) or via our contact form.

Before setting up DIC on a microscope, ensure all components are free of dust and debris, as dirty objective, condenser and lens elements can reduce image quality.

Infrared waves

Infrared radiation, or thermal radiation, was discovered in the year 1800 by Friedrich Wilhelm (William) Herschel, musician and astronomer. Everyday sources of infrared radiation include:

Whether you work right in front of a furnace in a foundry or a certain distance away, appropriate eye and face protection – plus where necessary the right heat protection clothing – are essential for you to be able to work safely.

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Infrared frequency

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11. DIC is a function of specimen orientation. Therefore, rotating the sample can improve or change the contrast of the image.

Alternative text: We also have the precise spectacles tint for many other applications, offering you the best protection and comfort for your work. Find out more here: uvex lens tint (uvex-safety.com)

A pair of uvex IR-ex spectacles can provide you with optimum protection against the effects of infrared in your workplace. To determine which spectacles have the correct level of protection, establish the average temperature of the source of radiation – i.e. the burning object (such radiation measurements are performed as part of the workplace risk assessment in larger companies). The table provided sets out the official levels of protection of the relevant EN 171 standard and the level of protection that uvex infrared spectacles offer:

6. The second DIC prism (WI-DICT or WI-DICTHRA) is in a fixed mount which is inserted into the nosepiece above the objective. Loosen the grub screw on the right-hand side of the nosepiece arm and slide the nosepiece (WI-SRE) forward. Insert the second DIC prism into the nosepiece and secure it using the small screw at the rear-right corner of the nosepiece.

Depending on its intensity, proximity and the duration of exposure, infrared radiation can be harmful to the eyes as well as to the skin. The eyes generally react much sooner and are much more sensitive than the skin to the effects of IR radiation, which can be harmful from a certain degree of intensity and exposure. The heat can in fact be beneficial to skin to a certain extent: infrared heat in the form of infrared lamps is used for medical purposes such as treating pain, circulation problems, stiff joints, inflammation etc. However, excessive heat can also cause heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heatstroke and burns.

This guide provides an overview of Differential Interference Contrast (DIC), how DIC works and how to set DIC up on an upright microscope - Scientifica SliceScope.

2. Insert the polariser into the silver-plated section of the filter wheel, underneath the condenser, shown in the image below. The polariser is on a rotatable mount, enabling it to be rotated when aligning DIC.