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You will be using an assigned light microscope for a variety of lab exercises through the semester, everything from viewing pond water to identification of your unknown bacterium. Therefore, it is extremely important that you understand how to use the microscope effectively and how to use different types of microscopy----brightfield, phase-contrast, and darkfield. Phase-contrast and darkfield microscopies are used for wet mounts, whereas brightfield can be used for both wet mounts and stained specimens.

The Nikon lenses are PARFOCAL---the objectives are aligned so that rotation to another lens can be done without major focusing. Rotate the 40X lens in place, making sure that it snaps into place. Your specimen should still be seen in the field of vision, but 4 times larger now. Use your fine adjustment knob to clarify the objects.

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This page titled 14: Use of the Microscope is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Jackie Reynolds.

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Once you are looking at your object using brightfield, you can easily switch to another type of microscopy: Just rotate the condenser knob. HOWEVER:

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IF YOUR FIELD OF VISION IS FUZZY, AND NO AMOUNT OF FOCUSING BRINGS THE OBJECT INTO VIEW, YOU PROBABLY HAVE OIL RESIDUE ON THE 40X OBJECTIVE. IT HAS TO BE CLEANED WELL WITH LENS PAPER.

You will also get your first exposure to the preparation of a bacterial smear and subsequent staining of it. However, you are making a simple stain, using only one dye. Everything on the slide will be the same color, but you can distinguish among shapes, sizes, and arrangements of bacteria.

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The microscope is absolutely essential to the microbiology lab: most microorganisms cannot be seen without the aid of a microscope, save some fungi. And, of course, there are some microbes which cannot be seen even with a microscope, unless it is an electron microscope, such as the viruses.