While a smaller FOV might slightly reduce the sense of immersion, Apple compensates with high-resolution displays and excellent colour accuracy to create an engaging visual experience.

The properties of many materials (especially those used in the electronic assemblies) are seldom isotropic. The assumption of isotopic properties makes sense when one is working with homogeneous materials at macroscopic scales where the effects of microscopic defects and inclusions do not significantly influence the material’s elastic constants such as the Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, CTE, etc. In the absence of isotropy, often practitioners use simplified definitions to deal with anisotropy: transversely isotropic (Wiki) and orthotropic (Wiki). Printed circuit boards (PCB) for example are often categorized as orthotropic materials with nearly equal coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) in the X-Y plane whereas the Z-axis CTE is often 2X to 10X higher. Further complicating matters, the CTEs change significantly post-Tg, the glass transition temperature (Wiki); the CTEs balloon by 2X or more in any given direction in the post-Tg regime.

Whether the FOV of the Apple Vision Pro is a dealbreaker depends entirely on your intended use case and priorities. Here’s a breakdown to help you decide:

Larger screens and more powerful processors required for a wider FOV consume more power. By limiting the FOV, Apple ensures longer battery life, which is crucial for any mobile device.

Comparing the Apple Vision Pro FOV vs Quest 3 offers valuable insights. The Quest 3 boasts a wider FOV, which has garnered praise from gamers. However, the Vision Pro excels in other areas, such as display quality and ecosystem integration, making it a strong contender despite the narrower FOV.

A wider FOV often means sacrificing resolution or increasing the size and weight of the device. Apple has prioritized a crisp, clear display that enhances visual quality over the sheer width of view.

Quest 3field of view

When discussing FOV, we often encounter two types—horizontal (H-FOV) and vertical (V-FOV). Horizontal FOV refers to the width of the viewable area, while vertical FOV denotes the height. The combination of these two measurements gives us the diagonal FOV, which is a common metric used to describe the overall viewing experience.

While this is not the widest FOV available, it is a significant improvement over earlier models and similar devices. Apple has balanced FOV with other crucial factors such as resolution, comfort, and overall user experience.

Next, the sweet spot is the central area of the display where the image is sharpest and clearest. A wider FOV typically extends this sweet spot, providing a better visual experience across the entire field of view.

The following table lists some of the low- and negative-CTE materials (source). Zirconium tungstate ZrW2O8 is the most well known in the materials science community as the “geometrically frustrated” metal oxide with large isotropic negative CTE in all directions.

Apple Vision Pro field of viewvs Quest 3

Lastly, resolution and pixel density also impact how FOV is perceived. Higher resolution and pixel density can make even a limited FOV appear clearer and more detailed, enhancing the overall experience despite the narrower view.

Nonetheless, progress has been made in designing circuit boards with closely matched CTE of the stack up, albeit in the X-Y plane. Examples like Stablcor, RT/duroid 6035HTC, etc., represent commercially available thermally-engineered circuit board stacks. Electronics Cooling has published earlier the advantages of using CTE-matched thermal core circuit boards. More details can be found here.

Apple Vision Proreview

Therefore the drivers to engineer materials whose thermal and mechanical properties can be ‘managed’ come from multiple criteria: cost, performance, quality, reliability, manufacturability, etc. Here is where negative CTE or negative thermal expansion (NTE) materials have been receiving particular attention in the electronics industry lately. One of the materials engineering approaches to minimizing thermomechanical stresses is to engineer the composite materials’ properties including CTEs to a desired range. For example, by combining materials with negative CTE into other materials, thermal expansion can be tailored to specific needs. Using rigorous multiphysics simulation, a layered composite comprising of positive and negative CTE materials can be designed to achieve the target composite CTE.

Optical design involves the lenses and how they manipulate light to present the virtual environment to the user. Lenses with a larger diameter or specially designed curvature can offer a wider FOV. However, this can introduce challenges like distortion and the need for more complex lens corrections.

It’s likely a trade-off to prioritize factors like image sharpness, headset size and weight, and overall system performance.

One might wonder why Apple, with its advanced technology and resources, didn’t go for the widest FOV possible. There are several reasons for this decision:

Reduced peripheral vision can limit the sense of being in an open, expansive environment. However, for many applications, especially those focusing on productivity or specific tasks, this might not be a significant drawback.

The field of view (FOV) is undoubtedly an important factor in the performance of AR and VR devices. With the Apple Vision Pro, Apple has made strategic decisions to balance FOV with other critical features like resolution, comfort, and battery life. For tech enthusiasts, Apple users, and gamers, the FOV of the Apple Vision Pro might be a point of consideration, but it is far from being a dealbreaker.

Duty cycles of power dissipating components lead to volumetric expansion and contraction, both with respect to a reference temperature which is most often the ambient / room temperature where the volumetric expansion is close to zero or negligible. Note that the reference temperature does not imply a stress-free state –there may be residual stresses from manufacturing processes, some of which may undergo stress relief or relaxation over time. Good examples of commonly observed stress relaxation are in solder joints of electronic assemblies.

Apple vision pro field of viewapp

Electronics Cooling will continue to update the readers with developments in tailored thermal conductivity and CTE materials. In a follow up, we will discuss how many companies are utilizing thermally engineered materials in electronic packaging in unique ways in a summary of patents on this topic.

This year’s convention will rigorously examine what the lessons learned to date from the current conflicts mean for maneuver in the EMS battlespace – in all warfighting domains, in all theaters of operation – and EMS Superiority writ large for AOC’s international membership.

Unfortunately when it comes to applying the knowledge learned from NASA experiments into the circuit boards, one has to contend with the orthotropic component of the Z-axis. Under the most ideal conditions of symmetric Cu coverage in all layers, the interfacial behavior between metal layers and the dielectric still results in Z-axis CTE values that will be different from those of the X-Y plane.

While not officially confirmed, it’s estimated to be between 100 – 120 degrees. This is smaller than some other VR headsets on the market.

Apple’s focus on ergonomics and comfort means that users can wear the headset for extended periods without discomfort, which can be more important than having the widest possible FOV.

Synthesized and sintered ZrW2O8 along with ZrO2 ceramic has been used in Fiber Bragg Reflectors (FBG) successfully with an overall isotropic CTE of -9.0ppm/degK, resulting in the package performance with +/-0.025nm over ambient temperatures (-40 to 80degC), described in this presentation. This work has the potential to eliminate the need for thermoelectric modules in photonic packages to control wave length shifts with temperature. Passively temperature-compensated optoelectronic “athermal” packages have the potential to lower the cost of packaging and assembly.

For gamers and those seeking highly immersive experiences, a narrower FOV can feel restrictive. They might prefer devices that offer a wider view, even if it means sacrificing other features.

The balance between FOV, resolution, and other specs means that the Vision Pro still offers a top-tier experience. Apple has likely optimized the device to perform well across various metrics, providing a holistic user experience. (Apple Vision Pro FOV)

NASA was one of the early pioneers of controlling CTEs of glass fibers and woven fabrics in space and aerospace applications. The NASA publication “Thermal Expansion properties of composite materials” lists some of the important factors that affect laminate CTE as follows:

The technology landscape is constantly evolving, and future iterations of the Apple Vision Pro will likely see improvements in FOV. Here are some potential paths to achieving this:

Only if a super-wide field of view is your absolute top priority consider the headset’s other strengths and your personal needs before making a decision.

Apple Vision Pro2

In the rapidly growing world of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), the field of view (FOV) has emerged as a critical factor in creating immersive experiences. With Apple Vision Pro entering the arena, tech enthusiasts, Apple users, and gamers are keen to understand how its FOV measures up. This guide dives deep into the Apple Vision Pro FOV, its implications, and whether it’s a make-or-break feature for potential users.

Apple’s emphasis on quality, user experience, and ecosystem integration can make the Vision Pro an appealing choice despite its FOV. The clarity, colour accuracy, and comfort can provide a superior experience.

Curious to explore more? Sign up for our newsletter to stay updated on the latest in AR/VR technology and exclusive insights into the Apple Vision Pro. Happy exploring!

Ideally, electronic packaging engineers look for thermal management materials that have high thermal conductivity and low CTE, high purity, good adhesion and low moisture absorption. Common low CTE materials like Copper Tungsten (CuW), Aluminum-Silicon-Carbide (AlSiC), Kovar, etc., which are commonly used in RF packaging do not offer cost advantages in high volume consumer electronics.

Dr. MP Divakar is founder and CEO of Stack Design Automation, a company focused on developing ECAD-MCAD integration software platform, design stacks, services and training for next-generation electronics including MEMS, 3DIC, Printed Electronics, Wearable & Stretchable Electronics and the Internet-of-Things. He has more than 18 years of experience in electronic packaging development in microwave-, millimeter-wave and RF-communications, power electronics and MEMS at component-, module- and system-level applications. He has also worked on hardware development for semiconductor test and high speed communication fabric. His expertise includes electronic & optoelectronic packaging (JEDEC, IPC, MIL-STD, & Telcordia), thermal and thermo-mechanical modeling, characterization and finite element simulation. He has more than 30 publications, 10 issued patents and many applications pending. He holds PhD from Arizona State University, MSc from The University of Calgary, and B.Eng from the University of Mysore (India).

The Apple Vision Pro has been the subject of much speculation and excitement. One of the critical aspects of this anticipation revolves around its FOV. According to reports, the Vision Pro offers a diagonal FOV in the range of around 100 degrees. This places it in the middle range compared to other high-end VR headsets.

While Apple hasn’t officially released the exact FOV specifications for the Vision Pro, reports and user experiences suggest it’s somewhere in the range of 100 to 120 degrees. This is notably narrower than some of its competitors, such as the Pimax headsets with their ultra-wide FOV, or even the more mainstream Meta Quest Pro with around 106 degrees of horizontal FOV.

Whether FOV is a dealbreaker depends largely on the individual user’s needs and preferences. For some, the immersive quality of a wide FOV is paramount, and they might find the Apple Vision Pro lacking in this regard. For others, the high resolution, comfort, and overall quality of the Apple Vision Pro might outweigh any concerns about FOV.

The field of view (FOV) is a term used to describe the extent of the observable environment seen at any given moment. In simpler terms, it’s how wide your vision spans from left to right and top to bottom. For AR and VR devices, a wider FOV means a more immersive and realistic experience, making it feel like you’re truly in another world.

Apps basics Budget Comparison entertainment featured fit games General topic health meta quest 3s Meta quest 4 Pico Review Tech-support

The software can also tweak the FOV by adjusting the render scale or field of view settings within applications. However, these adjustments are often limited by the physical capabilities of the hardware. (Apple Vision Pro FOV)

Possibly. Future software updates, hardware upgrades, or even third-party modifications might offer ways to increase the FOV down the line.

The electronics industry has a long history with controlled CTE materials. One of the early examples is Invar, the so called “low drift” alloy of Fe and Ni with a CTE of nearly 1 ppm/degK. Invar was and still is one of the most commonly used RF waveguide materials. Invar next made its entry into the world of circuit boards with Cu-Invar-Cu (CIC) offered today by many suppliers in many versions of core and pre-preg stack up.

Apple vision pro field of viewreview

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Apple Vision Pro is designed not just for gamers but for a broader audience, including productivity and professional applications. For these users, FOV might not be as critical as other factors like resolution and ease of use.

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Smaller, more powerful displays could fit more comfortably within the headset, allowing for a broader FOV. Advances in micro-LED or other display technologies could make this a reality.

Certain applications, particularly those involving expansive virtual environments or simulations, benefit significantly from a broader FOV. Users focused on these areas might find the Apple Vision Pro’s FOV limiting.

Negative CTE does not necessarily mean negative or even positive Poisson’s ratio. Confused? Well, you should be! Some elaboration is in order. The lateral deformation as a result of stretching or compressing in the longitudinal really depends on the type of (composite) structure. Here is where the engineering aspect of controlled-CTE materials comes in to play. A rigorous presentation of isotropic negative CTE metamaterials can be found in this reference.

When compared to other high-end VR headsets with wider FOVs, users might feel that the Vision Pro doesn’t measure up in this specific aspect, influencing their purchase decision.

Cellular structures of which Honeycombs are well known can be designed to keep the net expansion zero or positive or even negative. It is even possible to make dense solid microstructures with unbounded thermal expansion. Prof. Roderic Lakes’ (University of Wisconsin, Madison) research group lists a number of publications with cellular composite structures for which CTE can be engineered and is not restricted or bounded by the thermal expansion of the individual constituents.

Apple vision pro field of viewreddit

They are developing new lens technologies that reduce distortion while maintaining a wide FOV. Innovations in optics could offer a broader view without compromising image quality or comfort.

A broader FOV can significantly enhance immersion, making it easier to lose oneself in the virtual environment. Conversely, a narrower FOV can lead to a sense of confinement, sometimes referred to as “tunnel vision,” which can detract from the overall experience.

Wider FOV can lead to more distortion at the edges, causing discomfort and potential motion sickness. Apple aims to provide a comfortable and enjoyable user experience, even if it means a slightly narrower FOV.

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Apple Vision Proresolution

The size and shape of the display also play a crucial role. Larger displays can naturally offer a broader FOV, but this must be balanced with the resolution and how the display fits within the headset.

The Apple Vision Pro offers a compelling combination of advanced technology, user-friendly design, and a seamless user experience. Whether you’re looking to immerse yourself in virtual worlds or enhance your productivity with augmented reality, the Vision Pro is a strong contender in the AR/VR market.

Software advancements could optimize the rendering process, allowing for a wider FOV without requiring more powerful hardware. Algorithms that better manage how images are processed and displayed could enhance the experience. (Apple Vision Pro FOV)

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Most electronics cooling problems are not just limited to the computation of temperatures at various points and the design remedies thereof. They also extend to managing the collateral effects of temperature fluctuations. One such effect is the mobilization of thermomechanical stresses in electronic assemblies due to different coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE, commonly denoted ‘a’) of the constituent components. All of the material sets used in manufacturing electronic components today have finite / non-zero coefficients of thermal expansion, and these must be carefully considered in the physical design of assemblies. For the purposes of this discussion, an assembly refers to any product with two or more components joined together using any process prevalent in the electronics industry; a chip package, circuit board with components, etc.

2024 Theme: Electromagnetic Spectrum Warfare – The Great Power Competition From the Wars in Ukraine and Gaza, to warfare in the Red Sea and tensions in the Indo-Pacific, the geopolitical

It depends on your priorities. It might reduce immersion slightly, but the Apple Vision Pro potentially excels in other areas like visual quality and user-friendliness.

Is the Apple Vision Pro FOV a dealbreaker? Explore the limitations, potential upgrades, and how it impacts your virtual reality experience.

To fully grasp the importance of FOV in AR and VR, it’s essential to understand a few key concepts. First, peripheral vision plays a significant role in our spatial awareness. Devices with a narrow FOV limit peripheral vision, potentially reducing the immersive quality of the experience.