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The refraction of light is the bending of light rays as they pass from one medium to another, thereby changing the path of the rays. Refraction occurs due to a change in the speed of the light ray or wave. The speed of light is greatest in a vacuum. When the light rays travel from a rarer to a denser medium, they bend towards the normal. If the light rays travel from a denser to a rarer medium, they bend away from the normal. The greater the density of the media, the higher the refractive index. Snell’s law, or the law of refraction, quantitatively defines the amount of bending of waves dependent on the refractive index of the two media.

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