“Smoking causes harm across the life course from stillbirths, asthma in children, cancers, strokes and heart attacks to premature dementia.”

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When the camera is in Auto mode, it automatically decides the aperture and other settings based on the available light. If you want to set shutter speed and f-stop (aperture), the camera has to be in Aperture mode or Manual mode.

F stops generally range from f/1.4 (let in lots of lot for darker areas) to all the way to f/22 (let in little light for bright areas). A wider aperture will keep less of the scene in focus. A narrower aperture will give a crisp focus to more of the scene. Portrait photographers prefer wider apertures like f/2.8 or even f/4 — they can focus on the subject and blur the background.

The Tobacco and Vapes Bill, which prevents anyone born after January 1 2009 from legally smoking by gradually raising the age at which tobacco can be bought, will be introduced in the House of Commons on Tuesday.

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We’ve already referred to the lens opening as “f-stop” and “aperture,” but it’s also sometimes called the “f number” or “f-stop number.” When shopping for a new lens, you’ll often see apertures referred to as “f/” with a number. For instance, if you see “f/1.4” or “f/5.6,” those numbers indicate the diameter of the aperture.

If you really want to blur the background for macro or wildlife shots, you’ll need to look for a lens with a maximum aperture of f/2.8 or even f/1.4. If you’re shopping for a lens that zooms, it’s normal for the lens to have a wider maximum aperture when it’s zoomed out than when it zooms in. That’s why some lenses have two apertures listed in their titles, such as 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6.

Hazel Cheeseman, chief executive at Action on Smoking (Ash), described the Bill as a “world-leading piece of legislation”.

You can also set the aperture manually and allows the camera to decide the best shutter speed for the available lighting conditions. To use a fixed f stop, the camera has to be in the Aperture Priority mode.

According to the Department of Health and Social Care, the number of cancers caused by smoking has increased by 17% since 2003.

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“This Government is taking bold action to create the first smoke-free generation, clamp down on kids getting hooked on nicotine through vapes, and protect children and vulnerable people from the harms of secondhand smoke.

Inside every lens is a mechanical aperture. Consisting of several connected blades (generally between six and nine), the aperture opens and closes to let in more or less light. If you look at older manual aperture lenses, you can see the aperture opening and closing with a twist of a dial. In modern lenses, you change the aperture by adjusting the settings in your camera body.

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When it comes to photography, there are a lot of new terms to learn: exposure (internal redirect), shutter speed (internal redirect), ISO, and f-stop. Some of these terms are more self explanatory than others. For many beginners, f-stop is one of the trickier terms in their new hobby, so let’s go back to basics and give you a solid understanding of f-stops.

The lowest f-stop available is f/0.7. It belongs to Zeiss Planar 50mm, a lens used by NASA to film the moon, and Stanley Kubrick to make a film at candlelight. However, most photo lenses go as low as f/2, fewer go to f/1.2, and only a few reach f/0.95.

In August, reports suggested suggested ministers were considering banning smoking in some outdoor areas, such as beer gardens and outside stadiums, to improve public health.

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Before the light from the scene can hit your digital camera’s sensor and help create an exposure, it must first travel through the camera lens. The amount of light that reaches the sensor depends on your lens and the settings you’ve chosen.

Generally, subjects such as macro, which value heavily blurred backgrounds, are best shot with the widest apertures (f/1.4-f/4). This ensures that all elements of the scene are in focus, from the foreground to the distant background.Practice working in these general f-stop ranges until you get more comfortable with the available apertures on each of your lenses. Then you can experiment to get exactly the look you’re going for!

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Professor Sanjay Agrawal, NHS England national speciality advisor for tobacco dependency said: “NHS treatments, including nicotine replacement therapy, are helping thousands of adults each year to live healthier lives and we have seen adult smoking rates drop by more than half in the last three decades.

The Bill will introduce restrictions on vape advertising and sponsorship, as well as restricting flavours, displays and the packaging of e-cigarettes to reduce their appeal to children and young people.

That’s also why landscape photographers typically shoot in the f/11 to f/22 range — they want more of the landscape in focus, from the foreground to the distant horizon. Take a look at the graphic below to see it in action.

F-stops may seem a bit counter-intuitive to learn, but once you get the hang of it, you’ll know it for life. The key takeaway is this: the smaller the number, the bigger the physical opening of the aperture. Conversely, the larger the number, the smaller the physical opening. So f/1.4 is a very wide opening (or larger aperture) while f/22 is a much smaller opening (or smaller aperture).

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The largest f-stop available is f/45. It belongs to Sigma 105mm f/2.8 EX DG Macro and provides the maximum depth of field possible for a macro lens. There is also an f/40 aperture in Itorex 50mm, a lens that recreates the pinhole lens effect. Most commercial lenses have the minimum aperture at f/32 or f/16.

She added: “It opens up an important debate about smoking and how long we are prepared to tolerate the incredible harms it does to our society.

The f-stop refers to the aperture opening of the lens through which light can pass to the sensor or film. By looking at the current f-stop listed, you can quickly get an idea of how much light you’re allowing in, and how much depth of field you will have in your image.

“Over the last 50 years smoking has taken more than eight million lives in the UK. The health community and the public support the Government in this historic effort to phase out the sale of tobacco.

“A smokefree country would prevent disease, disability and premature deaths for children born today and for people long into the future.

“This historic legislation will save thousands of lives and protect the NHS. By building a healthy society, we will also help to build a healthy economy, with fewer people off work sick.”

“We urge all MPs to prioritise the nation’s health by voting in favour of the Bill and ensuring that this historic legislation is implemented across the UK.”

“By increasing the age of sale of tobacco products and properly funding cessation services, the government can build a healthier future, prevent cancer, and protect people from a lifetime of deadly and costly addiction.

F-stop, or aperture, specifically controls the size of the opening in the lens. With a larger opening (or a smaller f-stop number) you’ll allow more light to enter. With a smaller opening (or a larger f-stop number) you’ll allow less light to enter. By controlling the amount of light entering the lens, you’re also controlling the overall exposure of the image. Images with a wider aperture opening will be more prone to overexposure, while images with a narrower aperture opening will be more prone to underexposure. You’ll need to adjust your shutter speed or ISO accordingly to balance out changes in f-stop and to get the ideal exposure.

Every lens has what’s called a maximum aperture, meaning the widest the aperture can possibly go. Traditionally, less expensive kit lenses don’t feature the wider range of apertures. They might only go as wide as f/4 or even f/5.6.

He said: “This is a major piece of legislation which if passed will have a positive and lasting impact on the health of the nation.

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Learning the parts of your camera and how to use them is the most important step in your photography journey. Experiment with settings, shots, and styles, and you’ll soon be mastering your new hobby.

“But there is more to do, so we welcome this public health intervention and look forward to working with government to help the next generation grow up smoke and vape-free.”

The same wheel or slider controls shutter speed and aperture on most cameras. To change the aperture, you have to hold down the AV button and then adjust the wheel. Both the AV button and aperture/shutter speed control wheel are on the top-right of the camera. You have a wheel for both aperture and shutter speed on more advanced cameras.

Health Secretary Wes Streeting said: ”Unless we act to help people stay healthy, the rising tide of ill health in our society threatens to overwhelm and bankrupt our NHS. Prevention is better than cure.

Indoor smoking ban powers could also be extended to some outdoor spaces, with children’s playgrounds, and outside schools and hospitals being considered.

Aperture controls the amount of light that reaches the sensor. Together with shutter speed and ISO, the aperture controls the efficient use of available light and the luminosity of the image. When the aperture is wide open (small f-stop), more light reaches the sensor and creates a brighter image. When the aperture is narrow (large f-stop), less light reaches the sensor and creates a darker image.

A couple of important things happen when you change your f-stop. First of all, a wider aperture (think f/1.4 to f/2.8) will let a lot more light in through the lens and on to the sensor. This allows you to shoot with a much faster shutter speed. A narrower aperture (think f/16 to f/22) will let in much less light and require a slower shutter speed.

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Aperture also influences the depth of field, determining how much of the image will be in focus. Small apertures produce a deep depth of field and allow you to have the entire frame in focus. Large apertures produce a shallow depth of field and let you blur a busy background and make the subject more visible.

Dr Ian Walker, executive director of policy at Cancer Research UK, said: “Today is a significant step forward in the journey to creating a smokefree UK.