This SolsTiS extension adds a frequency quadrupling feature to SolsTiS, producing a narrow linewidth, tunable output in the ultraviolet wavelengths.

Continuous tuning from 700 - 1000 nm with a single optics set with custom wavelength ranges available <700 nm or >1000 nm. Optional integrated frequency conversion modules can further extend this to cover 210 – 4 µm.

Typesof diffraction

In comparison to the wavelength, what should be the width of an obstacle in order for the wave to be disrupted but the wave front to remain unbroken?

Definitionof diffractionin Physics

Our first example of diffraction was a rock in the water, i.e., an object in the way of the wave. This is the inverse of an aperture, but as there are borders that cause diffraction, let’s explore this, too. While in the case of an aperture, the wave can propagate, creating a maximum just after the aperture, an object ‘breaks’ the wave front, causing a minimum immediately after the obstacle.

We have a planar wave propagating towards an aperture. Right after the middle of that aperture, what do we expect to find?

Professor Charles Adams works in the Department of Physics at the University of Durham, is a Member of the Centre for Atomic and Molecular Physics and is Director of the Joint Quantum Centre.

Ultra stable output with relative intensity noise 0.075 % RMS with exceptional stability on longer timescales. Automatic locking of cavity elements allows continuous running over long time durations with no interruptions.

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Fully automated with wavelength tuning and locking via a web interface or published set of TCP/IP controls. Option to use third-party applications such as LabVIEW and MATLAB. Resonator elements are also accessible through external voltage inputs for active feedback.

Diffractiondiagram

Here, n = 0, 1, 2 is used to indicate the integer multiples of the wavelength. We can read it as n times the wavelength, and this quantity is equal to the length of the aperture multiplied by the sine of the angle of incidence θ, in this case, π/2. We, therefore, have constructive interference, which produces a maximum (the brighter parts in the image) at those points that are multiples of half the wavelength. We express this with the following equation:

If we increase the wavelength of the wave, the difference between maximums and minimums is no longer evident. What happens is that the waves interfere with each other destructively according to the width d of the slit and the wavelength λ. We use the following formula to determine where the destructive interference occurs:

Equinox is a single frequency CW 532 nm laser (up to 18W). It’s inherently stable, low noise, narrow linewidth and naturally compact, robust and fully-automated.

The wave is disrupted by the smallest obstacle but not enough to break the wave front. This is because the width of the obstacle is small compared to the wavelength.

A compact frequency conversion module that extends the range of SolsTiS output wavelengths via frequency doubling in a resonant cavity with optimised conversion efficiency.

We have a planar wave propagating towards an aperture. Right after the middle of that aperture, what do we expect to find?

Diffraction ofwaves

*The Center for Ultracold Atoms (CUA) comprises a community of scientists from Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The CUA is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF).

Professor Miles Padgett holds the position of Professor and Kelvin Chair of Natural Philosophy at the University of Glasgow’s School of Physics and Astronomy.

Ultra-narrow linewidths from <50 kHz absolute linewidth, with options to achieve Hertz level linewidth via an external, ultra stable reference. Overall, SolsTiS is the quietest and most stable TiS laser available with free running linewidths close to 50 kHz.

A range of extensions are available to enhance the wavelength coverage of the system, helping you to explore new regions.

Diffraction is a phenomenon that affects waves when they encounter an object or an opening along their path of propagation. The way their propagation is affected by the object or the opening depends on the dimensions of the obstacle.

The SolsTiS External Mixing Module provides fully automated tuning in the visible (500-680 nm) and IR (1.1-4.5 µm) with further extension options into the UV (250-350 nm).

The third case presents a complex pattern. Here, the wave front corresponding with the first crest (red line) is divided into three parts and features two minimums. The next wave front (blue line) has one minimum, and after that, we again see the difference between crests and troughs, even if they’re bent.

Keeping the same example but exchanging the rock for an open gate, we experience the same behaviour. The wave forms parallel lines before the obstacle but irregular ones while passing through and beyond the gate’s opening. The irregularities are caused by the gate’s edges.

Professor Charles Adams works in the Department of Physics at the University of Durham, is a Member of the Centre for Atomic and Molecular Physics and is Director of the Joint Quantum Centre.

M Squared’s lasers are both remarkable in their performance and beautiful in their design. They have enabled my Group’s research over the last decade and will continue to transform many areas of science and technology.

Continuous, single mode, high-resolution scans over >25 GHz, up to 300 nm (with TeraScan option). Automatically stitch together consecutive segments to achieve high-resolution scans over >100 nm with high repeatability and linearity.

The dimension of the aperture affects its interaction with the wave. In the centre of the aperture, when its length d is greater than the wavelength λ, part of the wave passes through unaltered, creating a maximum beyond it.

It is evident that the obstacle causes a misalignment of the wave front. Above the yellow line, there are two little crests that are unexpected and caused by the bending of the wave. This misalignment is observed in the sudden maximums after the obstacle has a phase shift.

Diffractiondefinition

When a wave propagates across an object, there is an interaction between the two. An example is a calm breeze moving the water around a rock that cuts through the surface of a lake. In these conditions, parallel waves are formed where there is nothing to block them, while right behind the rock, the shape of the waves becomes irregular. The bigger the rock, the bigger the irregularity.

In comparison to the wavelength, what should be the width of an obstacle in order for the wave to be disrupted but the wave front to remain unbroken?

M Squared’s SolsTiS laser platform transformed our quantum optics experiments, helping to produce several documented breakthroughs. In fact, we were so impressed with its performance and versatility that we went on to purchase another four.

Short description of diffractionin physics

Smallest laser in its class. A sealed resonator eliminates dust contamination and enables robust, reliable performance. Materials minimise effects from vibrations and thermal variations, resulting in a stable, low-frequency drift laser. Anti-humidity system and purge ports allow trouble-free operation across atmospheric absorptions.

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Custom, low loss optics in the laser ring resonator enable output power levels >5 W. There is no compromise from having a single device covering 300 nm, and exceptional power levels are found at the edges of the tuning range. High powers of >2.5 W are possible in SHG.

Fraunhoferdiffraction

Finally, n in the formula indicates not only that we are dealing with multiples of the wavelength but also the order of the minimum or maximum. When n = 1, the resulting angle of incidence is the angle of the first minimum or maximum, while n = 2 is the second one and so on until we obtain an impossible statement like sin θ must be greater than 1.

We have a planar wave propagating towards an aperture. Right after the middle of that aperture, what do we expect to find?

Diffractionexamples

In comparison to the wavelength, what should be the width of an obstacle in order for the wave to be disrupted but the wave front to remain unbroken?

A bigger obstacle, whose width is similar to the wavelength, causes a single minimum right after it (red circle, 2nd image from the left), which indicates that the wave front has been broken.

Integrated extension modules are available to extend the tuning range from 210 nm to 4000 nm. These feature interlocking base plates and connecting lens tubes that enclose any beam paths not part of the final output. Beam pick off and fiber launch modules available.

M Squared’s SolsTiS laser platform transformed our quantum optics experiments, helping to produce several documented breakthroughs. In fact, we were so impressed with its performance and versatility that we went on to purchase another four.

Award-winning SolsTiS is a next generation continuous-wave Ti:Sapphire laser designed to meet the needs of pioneering scientists looking for high performance, ease of use, system flexibility and reliability. This fully automated, compact system features a completely sealed, alignment-free cavity with hands-free operation, an unprecedented tuning range, unrivalled power, and the ultimate narrow linewidth, low noise output. SolsTiS has options of high power output up to 5W, linewidths <50 kHz and amplitude noise of less than 0.05%. SolsTiS is made to order giving you the ability to specify your linewidth, output power and wavelength range. Fully integrated accessories such as beam pick-off and fiber coupling are available.

In comparison to the wavelength, what should be the width of an obstacle in order for the wave to be disrupted but the wave front to remain unbroken?