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Where ‘t’ is the thickness of the plate, ‘θ’  is the angle of incidence between beam and plate normal, and ‘n’  is the refractive index of the medium.

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Displacement of secondary reflection results from a small portion of the beam reflecting off the glass-air interface of the plate.

Beam Displacement is the displacement of a collimated beam incident on a tilted plane-parallel plate or window. This displacement occurs as a result of the beam travelling from one media to another media with a different refractive index. The change in refractive indices causes the beam to displace from its original path.