Most of the time, you’re going to want to fix things like barrel, pincushion, and mustache distortion, because they are simply a distraction that hinders you from capturing the real world accurately.

The SF240APC, SF260APC, SF280APC, and SF671APC Series of fiber collimation packages are pre-aligned to collimate a laser beam propagating from the tip of an FC/APC (2.1 mm wide key compatible) connectorized fiber with diffraction-limited performance at the design wavelength. The receptacle of the housing is angled, and the beam is aligned with the mechanical axis of the package, as shown in the schematic above. Because the F200-Series fiber collimators have no movable parts, they are compact and not susceptible to misalignment. Due to chromatic aberration, the effective focal length (EFL) of the aspheric lens is wavelength-dependent. As a result, these collimators will only perform optimally at the design wavelength. The aspheric lens is factory-aligned so that it is one focal length away from the fiber tip when inserted into the collimator. This distance is equal to the focal length of the aspheric lens at the design wavelength. In addition, the aspheric lens has an AR coating that minimizes surface reflections.

where D and f must be in the same units. θ  is Divergence Angle, D is Mode-Field Diameter (MFD) and  f is Focal Length of Collimator

Mustache distortion is most common at ultra-wide focal lengths, on both prime and zoom lenses. It is especially common on affordable, all-manual, ultra-wide lenses such as 14mm primes.

For large beam diameters (�6.6 - �8.5 mm), we offer FC/PC, SMA, and FC/APC air-spaced doublet collimators. These collimation packages are pre-aligned at the factory to collimate a laser beam propagating from the tip of an FC or SMA conectorized fiber and provide diffraction-limited performance at the design wavelength.

The divergence angle listed in the specifications table above is the measured beam divergence angle when using the fiber collimator at its design wavelength with the specific fiber denoted in the specifications table footnote. This divergence angle is easy to approximate theoretically using the formula shown below as long as the light emerging from the fiber has a Gaussian intensity profile. This works well for single mode fibers, but will underestimate the divergence angle for multimode fibers where the light emerging from the fiber has a non-Gaussian intensity profile.

This type of distortion is difficult to correct because it actually features both pincushion distortion and barrel distortion. It’s a rather diabolical and visually distracting phenomenon.

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a For optimal collimation these packages should be used at the alignment wavelength. For some applications they may also be used within the AR coating range. Contact us for custom alignment packages.

It may sound advanced and complicated at first, but it’s really quite simple! Let’s dive in and break it down. Ultimately, you will even learn how to use certain types of distortion creatively in your photography!

Fiber optic collimatorprice

These packages can be used to couple a free-space laser beam into  an optical fiber. To obtain a high coupling efficiency, the NA of the patch cable needs  to be greater than or equal to the NA of the  collimator, and the diameter of the focused beam needs to be smaller than the MFD of the fiber.  Please  refer to the Technical Specs for suggested mounting adapters.

1-Case;  2- Lens;  3- Z-translation stage;  4- SMA-Adaptor   5. Technical References   1) Theoretical Approximation of the Divergence Angle:   The divergence angle listed in the specifications table above is the measured beam divergence angle when using the fiber collimator at its design wavelength with the specific fiber denoted in the specifications table footnote. This divergence angle is easy to approximate theoretically using the formula shown below as long as the light emerging from the fiber has a Gaussian intensity profile. This works well for single mode fibers, but will underestimate the divergence angle for multimode fibers where the light emerging from the fiber has a non-Gaussian intensity profile.   The divergence angle (in Degrees)    θ ≈ (D/f)(180/3.1415927)  where D and f must be in the same units. θ  is Divergence Angle, D is Mode-Field Diameter (MFD) and  f is Focal Length of Collimator   Example Calculation: When the SF220SMA-A collimator is used to collimate 515 nm light emerging from a 460HP fiber with a mode field diameter (D) of 3.5 �m and a focal length (f) of approximately 11.0 mm (not exact since the design wavelength is 543 nm), the divergence angle is approximately given by   θ ≈ (0.0035 mm / 11.0 mm) x (180 / 3.1416) ≈ 0.018�.   When the beam divergence angle was measured for the SF220SMA-A collimator a 460HP fiber was used with 543 nm light. The result was a divergence angle of 0.018�.   2) Optical Coating:      3) Collimation Package Selection Guide:   We offer several different families of collimation packages, which are summarized in the table below. Our selection of fixed fiber collimators include packages with aspheric lenses, which mate with SMA and FC connector. For larger beams, our air-spaced doublet collimators are ideal.   Family Brief Description Fixed FC or SMA Fiber Collimators These collimators are designed to couple a free-space laser beam into an optical fiber. Each collimation package is factory aligned to provide diffraction-limited performance at one of six wavelengths: 405, 543, 633, 1064, 1310, or 1550 nm. Although it is possible to use the collimator at detuned wavelengths, they will only perform optimally at the design wavelength due to chromatic aberration, which causes the effective focal length of the spheric lens to have a wavelength dependence. Low Divergence Collimators For large beam diameters (�6.6 - �8.5 mm), we offer FC/PC, SMA, and FC/APC air-spaced doublet collimators. These collimation packages are pre-aligned at the factory to collimate a laser beam propagating from the tip of an FC or SMA conectorized fiber and provide diffraction-limited performance at the design wavelength. Adjustable Fiber Collimators These snap-on collimators are designed to connect onto the end of an FC/PC or FC/APC connector and contain an AR-coated aspheric lens. The distance between the aspheric lens and the tip of the FC-terminated fiber can be adjusted to compensate for focal length changes or to recollimate the beam at the wavelength and distance of interest. Pigtailed Collimators Our pigtailed collimators come with one meter of either single mode or multimode fiber, have the fiber and AR-coated aspheric lens rigidly potted inside the stainless steel housing, and are collimated at one of five wavelengths: 532, 1030, 1064, 1310, or 1550 nm. Although it is possible to use the collimator at any wavelength within the coating range, the coupling loss will increase as the wavelength is detuned from the design wavelength. GRIN Fiber Collimators We offer four gradient index (GRIN) fiber collimators that are aligned for either 1310 nm or 1550 nm and have either FC connectorized or unterminated fibers. Our GRIN collimators feature a �1.8 mm clear aperture, are AR-coated to ensure low back reflection into the fiber, and are coupled to standard Corning SMF-28 single mode fibers. GRIN Lenses These graded-index (GRIN) lenses are AR coated for applications at 1300 or 1560 nm that require light to propagate through one fiber, then through a free-space optical system, and finally back into another fiber. They are also useful for coupling light from laser diodes into fibers, coupling the output of a fiber into a detector, or collimating laser light. Pigtailed Ferrules Our pigtailed ferrules have broadband AR coatings centered at either 1310 nm or 1550 nm and are available with either a 0o or 8o angled face. These pigtailed ferrules include 1.5 meters of SMF-28e fiber. FiberPorts These new compact, ultra-stable FiberPort micropositioners provide an easy-to-use, stable platform for coupling light into and out of FC/PC, FC/APC, or SMA terminated optical fibers. It can be used with single mode, multimode, or PM fibers and can be mounted onto a post, stage, platform, or laser. The built-in aspheric lens is available with three different AR coatings and has five degrees of alignment freedom (3 translational and 2 rotational). The compact size and long-term alignment stability make the FiberPort an ideal solution for fiber coupling, collimation, or incorporation into OEM systems.      Fiber    Fiber Delivery

b Collimated Beam Diameter: Theoretical 1/(e2) diameter @ 1 focal length from lens; fibers: 460HP (-A), SM600 (-B), SMF-28e (-C)

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These graded-index (GRIN) lenses are AR coated for applications at 1300 or 1560 nm that require light to propagate through one fiber, then through a free-space optical system, and finally back into another fiber. They are also useful for coupling light from laser diodes into fibers, coupling the output of a fiber into a detector, or collimating laser light.

Simply put, the term distortion is broadly used. Sometimes people use it to describe any time reality appears weird, or inconsistent with how we think it ought to.

So far, we’ve been discussing lens distortion which is an optical flaw. However, I absolutely have to mention fisheye lenses. They intentionally distort an image because they use optical distortion to simply fit as wide of a view as possible into the image frame. In other words, if you let straight lines curve, you can have a diagonal (corner-to-corner) angle of view of fisheye lenses that is often a complete 180 degrees, or sometimes more.

Simply put, the most common types of lens distortion are usually just the undesirable warping of lines. Thankfully, however, nowadays they are almost always removed automatically. When you understand all the different types of distortion, though, the basic concepts can become powerful creative tools.

Thorlabs collimation Tutorial

These fiber collimation packages are pre-aligned to collimate light from an SMA connectorized fiber with diffraction-limited performance. Because these fiber collimators have no movable parts, they are compact and not susceptible to misalignment. Due to chromatic aberration, the effective focal length (EFL) of the aspheric lens is wavelength-dependent. As a result these collimators will only perform optimally at the design wavelength. The aspheric lens is factory-aligned so that it is one wavelength-adjusted focal length away from the fiber tip when inserted into the collimator. In addition, the aspheric lens has an AR coating that minimizes surface reflections.

First and foremost, I want to answer this most basic question: what is lens distortion? Generally speaking, when we use this term we are referring to distortion that literally distorts what a “perfect” image ought to look like, especially for a certain focal length and camera angle.

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We also offer a line of adjustable collimation packages called FiberPorts that are well suited for a wide range of wavelengths. These are ideal solutions for adjustable, compact fiber couplers. For other collimation and coupling options, please contact us.

Fiber collimatorThorlabs

In other words, your perspective on the scene is distorting the scale of a 6-inch subject and a 6,000-foot subject, making them appear the same size.

Say you’re photographing any sort of architecture or structure that has a lot of straight lines. They ought to appear straight in your photograph. However, because of the imperfections in the optics of the lens, the lines appear curved instead.

Pincushion distortion is when the opposite is the case. Instead of bending outward, a straight line at the edge of the frame is curved inward. This type of lens distortion is common at telephoto focal lengths. Modern lenses have very little. It’s more common on older lenses that cross from wide-angle to telephoto focal lengths.

Lens distortion comes in all different shapes and sizes — literally. Most photographers use the term rather loosely, so we hope this article cleared everything up for you.

We also offer a line of adjustable collimation packages called Fiber Ports that are well suited for a wide range of wavelengths. These are ideal solutions for adjustable, compact fiber couplers. For other collimation and coupling options, please contact our technical support group.

Although fisheye lenses radically warp straight lines around the edges of an image frame, any straight line crossing through the dead-center of the frame will still be rendered perfectly straight.

The SF220FC, SF230FC, SF240FC, SF260FC, SF280FC, and SF671FC Series of fiber collimation packages are pre-aligned to collimate a laser beam propagating from the tip of an FC/PC (2.1 mm wide key compatible) connectorized fiber with diffraction-limited performance. Because the F200-Series fiber collimators have no movable parts, they are compact and not susceptible to misalignment. Due to chromatic aberration, the effective focal length (EFL) of the aspheric lens is wavelength-dependent. As a result, these collimators will only perform optimally at the design wavelength. The aspheric lens is factory-aligned so that it is one focal length away from the fiber tip when inserted into the collimator. This distance is equal to the focal length of the aspheric lens at the design wavelength. In addition, the aspheric lens has an AR coating that minimizes surface reflections.

Be careful, though. An in-your-face view of an actual face can create distortion that looks really weird and sometimes downright unflattering.

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Barrel distortion is when any straight line that is parallel to the edge of your frame is curved outward. If your composition has straight lines around all four edges, they would appear like a barrel — hence the name. Barrel distortion is most common on normal and medium-wide focal length lenses, especially zoom lenses.

These packages can also be used to couple a free-space laser beam into an optical fiber. To obtain a high coupling efficiency, the NA of the patch cable needs to be greater than or equal to the NA of the collimator, and the diameter of the focused beam needs to be smaller than the MFD/core of the fiber. Please refer to the Specs tab for suggested mounting adapters.

UVfiber optic Collimator

Collimating Coupler                                                      Refocusing objective  1-Case;  2- Lens;  3- Z-translation stage;  4- SMA-Adaptor   5. Technical References   1) Theoretical Approximation of the Divergence Angle:   The divergence angle listed in the specifications table above is the measured beam divergence angle when using the fiber collimator at its design wavelength with the specific fiber denoted in the specifications table footnote. This divergence angle is easy to approximate theoretically using the formula shown below as long as the light emerging from the fiber has a Gaussian intensity profile. This works well for single mode fibers, but will underestimate the divergence angle for multimode fibers where the light emerging from the fiber has a non-Gaussian intensity profile.   The divergence angle (in Degrees)    θ ≈ (D/f)(180/3.1415927)  where D and f must be in the same units. θ  is Divergence Angle, D is Mode-Field Diameter (MFD) and  f is Focal Length of Collimator   Example Calculation: When the SF220SMA-A collimator is used to collimate 515 nm light emerging from a 460HP fiber with a mode field diameter (D) of 3.5 �m and a focal length (f) of approximately 11.0 mm (not exact since the design wavelength is 543 nm), the divergence angle is approximately given by   θ ≈ (0.0035 mm / 11.0 mm) x (180 / 3.1416) ≈ 0.018�.   When the beam divergence angle was measured for the SF220SMA-A collimator a 460HP fiber was used with 543 nm light. The result was a divergence angle of 0.018�.   2) Optical Coating:      3) Collimation Package Selection Guide:   We offer several different families of collimation packages, which are summarized in the table below. Our selection of fixed fiber collimators include packages with aspheric lenses, which mate with SMA and FC connector. For larger beams, our air-spaced doublet collimators are ideal.   Family Brief Description Fixed FC or SMA Fiber Collimators These collimators are designed to couple a free-space laser beam into an optical fiber. Each collimation package is factory aligned to provide diffraction-limited performance at one of six wavelengths: 405, 543, 633, 1064, 1310, or 1550 nm. Although it is possible to use the collimator at detuned wavelengths, they will only perform optimally at the design wavelength due to chromatic aberration, which causes the effective focal length of the spheric lens to have a wavelength dependence. Low Divergence Collimators For large beam diameters (�6.6 - �8.5 mm), we offer FC/PC, SMA, and FC/APC air-spaced doublet collimators. These collimation packages are pre-aligned at the factory to collimate a laser beam propagating from the tip of an FC or SMA conectorized fiber and provide diffraction-limited performance at the design wavelength. Adjustable Fiber Collimators These snap-on collimators are designed to connect onto the end of an FC/PC or FC/APC connector and contain an AR-coated aspheric lens. The distance between the aspheric lens and the tip of the FC-terminated fiber can be adjusted to compensate for focal length changes or to recollimate the beam at the wavelength and distance of interest. Pigtailed Collimators Our pigtailed collimators come with one meter of either single mode or multimode fiber, have the fiber and AR-coated aspheric lens rigidly potted inside the stainless steel housing, and are collimated at one of five wavelengths: 532, 1030, 1064, 1310, or 1550 nm. Although it is possible to use the collimator at any wavelength within the coating range, the coupling loss will increase as the wavelength is detuned from the design wavelength. GRIN Fiber Collimators We offer four gradient index (GRIN) fiber collimators that are aligned for either 1310 nm or 1550 nm and have either FC connectorized or unterminated fibers. Our GRIN collimators feature a �1.8 mm clear aperture, are AR-coated to ensure low back reflection into the fiber, and are coupled to standard Corning SMF-28 single mode fibers. GRIN Lenses These graded-index (GRIN) lenses are AR coated for applications at 1300 or 1560 nm that require light to propagate through one fiber, then through a free-space optical system, and finally back into another fiber. They are also useful for coupling light from laser diodes into fibers, coupling the output of a fiber into a detector, or collimating laser light. Pigtailed Ferrules Our pigtailed ferrules have broadband AR coatings centered at either 1310 nm or 1550 nm and are available with either a 0o or 8o angled face. These pigtailed ferrules include 1.5 meters of SMF-28e fiber. FiberPorts These new compact, ultra-stable FiberPort micropositioners provide an easy-to-use, stable platform for coupling light into and out of FC/PC, FC/APC, or SMA terminated optical fibers. It can be used with single mode, multimode, or PM fibers and can be mounted onto a post, stage, platform, or laser. The built-in aspheric lens is available with three different AR coatings and has five degrees of alignment freedom (3 translational and 2 rotational). The compact size and long-term alignment stability make the FiberPort an ideal solution for fiber coupling, collimation, or incorporation into OEM systems.      Fiber    Fiber Delivery

Thorlabsfibercoupling Tutorial

We offer several different families of collimation packages, which are summarized in the table below. Our selection of fixed fiber collimators include packages with aspheric lenses, which mate with SMA and FC connector. For larger beams, our air-spaced doublet collimators are ideal.

Most of the time, your eyes will see such things and your brain won’t even notice because you’re naturally accustomed to some level of perspective distortion. Other times, when a viewer’s angle exaggerates this perspective distortion, it can really catch a viewer’s eye, or even be unsettling.

These new compact, ultra-stable FiberPort micropositioners provide an easy-to-use, stable platform for coupling light into and out of FC/PC, FC/APC, or SMA terminated optical fibers. It can be used with single mode, multimode, or PM fibers and can be mounted onto a post, stage, platform, or laser. The built-in aspheric lens is available with three different AR coatings and has five degrees of alignment freedom (3 translational and 2 rotational). The compact size and long-term alignment stability make the FiberPort an ideal solution for fiber coupling, collimation, or incorporation into OEM systems.

These collimators are designed to couple a free-space laser beam into an optical fiber. Each collimation package is factory aligned to provide diffraction-limited performance at one of six wavelengths: 405, 543, 633, 1064, 1310, or 1550 nm. Although it is possible to use the collimator at detuned wavelengths, they will only perform optimally at the design wavelength due to chromatic aberration, which causes the effective focal length of the spheric lens to have a wavelength dependence.

Our pigtailed collimators come with one meter of either single mode or multimode fiber, have the fiber and AR-coated aspheric lens rigidly potted inside the stainless steel housing, and are collimated at one of five wavelengths: 532, 1030, 1064, 1310, or 1550 nm. Although it is possible to use the collimator at any wavelength within the coating range, the coupling loss will increase as the wavelength is detuned from the design wavelength.

b Collimated Beam Diameter: Theoretical 1/(e2) diameter @ 1 focal length from lens; fibers: 460HP (-A), SM600 (-B), SMF-28e (-C & -1550)

Lens compression is basically the same thing: using your perspective to create an image where two very different-sized subjects appear more similar in size than they naturally would.

These snap-on collimators are designed to connect onto the end of an FC/PC or FC/APC connector and contain an AR-coated aspheric lens. The distance between the aspheric lens and the tip of the FC-terminated fiber can be adjusted to compensate for focal length changes or to recollimate the beam at the wavelength and distance of interest.

Our pigtailed ferrules have broadband AR coatings centered at either 1310 nm or 1550 nm and are available with either a 0o or 8o angled face. These pigtailed ferrules include 1.5 meters of SMF-28e fiber.

a For optimal collimation, these packages should be used at the alignment wavelength. For some applications, they may also be used within the AR coating range. Contact Tech Support for custom-alignment packages.

Also, you can use brute force: most RAW photo editing software has a slider that allows you to manually correct barrel or pincushion distortion, though not mustache distortion.

This is a very simple trick that you can easily demonstrate yourself: using a telephoto lens, align a distant subject with an even more distant, larger subject. If you get the distances right, you can appear to make a smaller-but-closer subject appear equal in size, or even larger than, a bigger-but-farther subject.

If your camera and lens don’t have this option, don’t worry. Your next line of defense is your raw processing software. Most modern autofocus lenses will communicate their make and model information to the camera, so you’ll see it in your image’s EXIF data. RAW conversion software such as Adobe Lightroom can read this Exif data and, if you turn the option on, will automatically apply a lens correction profile.

When the beam divergence angle was measured for the SF220SMA-A collimator a 460HP fiber was used with 543 nm light. The result was a divergence angle of 0.018�.

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These packages can be used to couple a free-space laser beam into an optical fiber. To obtain a high coupling efficiency, the NA of the patch cable needs to be greater than or equal to the NA of the collimator, and the diameter of the focused beam needs to be smaller than the MFD of the fiber. Please refer to the Specs tab for suggested mounting adapters.

a For optimal collimation, these packages should be used at the alignment wavelength. For some applications, they may also be used within the AR coating range. Contact Tech Support.

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When the SF220SMA-A collimator is used to collimate 515 nm light emerging from a 460HP fiber with a mode field diameter (D) of 3.5 �m and a focal length (f) of approximately 11.0 mm (not exact since the design wavelength is 543 nm), the divergence angle is approximately given by

In this common category of lens distortion, there are three main types of optical issues that lenses experience. Barrel distortion, pincushion distortion, and mustache distortion.

Reflectivefiber collimator

The FC/APC conectorized collimation packages are ideal for systems that are sensitive to back reflections. APC-Style connectors utilize a ferrule that has an 8� end face, and in conjunction with an ultra PC polish, provide a return loss Greater than 60 dB.

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In fact, fisheye lenses often do a better job than corrected “rectilinear” ultra-wide lenses at rendering a subject exactly the same in an extreme corner of the frame and in the dead-center of the frame. Ordinary ultra-wide lenses may keep straight lines straight. However, they still optically warp other subjects in order to do so.

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Every photographer has probably heard about distortion, or lens distortion. However, most have never actually learned what it is, and how it affects their photography.

Thankfully, today and beyond, optical distortions such as barrel, pincushion, and even the challenging mustache distortion, can all be corrected easily with most photo editing software.

This is what people are usually referring to when they talk about lens distortion. It’s when a line that is clearly straight, in reality, becomes curved when photographed with a “flawed” lens.

That just about covers it in terms of lens distortion. However, this article would be incomplete without mentioning the types of natural distortion that are always visible in reality.

AchromaticFiber Collimator

The best part is that you don’t need an expensive, exotic lens to avoid unwanted lens distortion. You can use whichever camera and lens you already own to get started.

NewportFiber Collimator

Have you ever looked at a photo and thought, “Why does that tiny little barrel cactus appear as large as that distant mountain?” It was simply because you physically moved your camera very close to a small subject, while an enormous subject was far off in the distance.

We offer four gradient index (GRIN) fiber collimators that are aligned for either 1310 nm or 1550 nm and have either FC connectorized or unterminated fibers. Our GRIN collimators feature a �1.8 mm clear aperture, are AR-coated to ensure low back reflection into the fiber, and are coupled to standard Corning SMF-28 single mode fibers.

Last but not least, you have numerous options for manually correcting lens distortion. First and foremost, if your lens does have a correction profile available, you can manually load it into your RAW conversion software. This is common for all-manual lenses that have no electronic contact with the camera.

The best option is to correct lens distortion before you even get to see it: in-camera corrections. Most modern mirrorless camera systems have electronic communication with each lens, and the lens actually tells the camera exactly how much distortion it has, and how to un-warp any curved lines so that they are perfectly straight. If you turn on Distortion correction in the menu of your camera, you’ll hardly ever see it.

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Also, and most importantly, every photographer should learn how to use both perspective and compression to their creative advantage. Try zooming out to ultra-wide focal lengths, and get really up-close and personal with your subjects.

In this article, we will explore all the different types of lens distortion. We’ll go over the various optical flaws in a lens, as well as types of natural distortion that our own eyes experience.

Now that we have learned about virtually every form of lens distortion that photographers will encounter, let’s talk about how to “fix” undesirable distortion. Stay tuned, because then we are going to talk about how to use lens distortion creatively, too.