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When light with a certain frequency strikes an object whose electrons have the same frequency, the electrons absorb the energy from the light wave and convert it into vibrational motion. As the electrons interact with surrounding atoms, vibrational energy is converted into thermal energy. Once this occurs, the light wave is absorbed by the object and will never again be released in the form of light.

Absorption definitionscience waves

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What isabsorptionin Biology

Waves of a certain frequency strike an object whose electrons have the same frequency. This scenario corresponds to what type of absorption?

The absorption coefficient describes how far a wave penetrates a material of a specific thickness before it is absorbed.

Absorption works because wave energy is transferred to a medium. When a light or sound wave strikes a medium, its energy is converted into a different type, thus allowing the medium to absorb it.

As we've discussed both respective wave types, it is important to understand their similarities and differences. Light and sound waves are similar in the fact that both are waves. However, that is where their likeness ends. To distinguish between the two, let us look at the table below.

Absorption scientific definitionbiology

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When atoms absorb energy, a color spectrum is produced. This spectrum is usually referred to as ROYGBIV. To best way to understand this is to think of a prism. When light passes through the prism, it is separated into different wavelengths, thus producing a rainbow of color.

Examples of wave absorption surround us in our everyday lives from feeling the sunlight on our skin while at the beach to singing at the top of our lungs in the privacy of our homes.

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Energy is removed from a wave as it passes through a medium with a given thickness. This scenario corresponds to what type of absorption?

The answer is yes. Leaves use the absorption of light to complete the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy (i.e. sugar). Leaves are green because of a pigment called chlorophyll, pigments absorb light. Chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light but reflects green light, which is why leaves turn green.

Humanabsorption scientific definition

Waves of a certain frequency strike an object whose electrons have the same frequency. This scenario corresponds to what type of absorption?

The absorption of radiation in physics refers to the absorption of light. The absorption of light waves describes electromagnetic radiation that is absorbed and converted into a different type of energy.

Our eyes take visible light and turn it into an electrical impulse that our brains interpret as an image. Typical human eyes can see light wavelengths in the range of \( 400\,\mathrm{nm}\,\text{to}\,700\,\mathrm{nm}. \) Besides visible light, electromagnetic radiation is divided into the following types:

Transmission Sciencedefinition

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where each travel at the speed of light. Note that when we say radiation, one's first instinct may be to associate the word with something terrible. However, in this context, radiation refers to something that radiates outward from a central point.

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Sound absorption occurs when sound travels through a medium and is captured by the molecules of the medium. Then the sound energy is converted into heat. This is done by the vibrational motion of the molecules of the medium. When sound passes through, the molecules are initially at rest. However, if the sound is strong enough to overcome the molecule's resistance to motion, the molecules begin to vibrate.

Absorption scientific definitionmedical

To better understand this coefficient's importance, let us look at the examples of solar panels for light waves and soundproofing for sound waves. Engineers use this coefficient to determine what material should be in a solar panel. Solar panels function as a result of two layers of a semiconducting material that is usually silicon. The area in which these layers meet is crucial as it is the space where solar radiation (sunlight) is absorbed and converted into electricity. Similarly, engineers use this coefficient to determine what material best suits a recording studio. Recording studios use soundproofing as a way to maximize the absorption of sound waves while minimizing the reflection of sound waves. Reflected sound waves create echoes which in turn disrupt the production of music. Now that we have discussed absorption, let us specifically discuss the absorption of sound and light waves and their corresponding processes.

For the absorption of light to occur, the frequency of an electromagnetic wave must be very similar to the natural frequency of an object.

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Energy is removed from a wave as it passes through a medium with a given thickness. This scenario corresponds to what type of absorption?

Absorption scientific definitionchemistry

Sound travels as a longitudinal mechanical wave. Longitudinal refers to the wave propagating parallel to the direction of the molecules while mechanical refers to the transport of energy through the medium due to the vibration of molecules. Sound waves travel the quickest through solids as a result of their tightly packed molecular orientation. Molecules can more easily collide with one another enabling sound to move faster. Our ears capture sound waves in the ear canal where the sound becomes amplified as it travels toward the eardrum. When it reaches the eardrum, it causes vibrations that enable us to hear. Typical human ears can detect sound in the range of \(20\,\mathrm{Hz}\,\text{to}\,20\,\mathrm{kHz}. \)

When atoms absorb energy, a color spectrum is produced. The absorption spectrum occurs when light passes through a medium and atoms are absorbed at frequencies characteristic to that particular light ray. Due to re-emitted light not being emitted in the same direction as the absorbed light, dark lines appear on the color spectrum indicating the absence of light.

The absorption coefficient depends on the material and the wavelength. High absorption coefficients indicate a material absorbs more readily in comparison to materials with smaller coefficients.

Examples of wave absorption surround us in our everyday lives from feeling the sunlight on our skin while at the beach to us singing at the top of our lungs in the privacy of our homes. While at the beach, we observe wave absorption from the waves crashing onto the sand. When waves break on the shoreline, they transport their energy into the sand. However, we also experience wave absorption at the beach. When sunlight hits our skin, some of its energy is absorbed by our skin and we begin "heat" up. This explains why we feel warmer in the sun compared to sitting under a beach umbrella. When we sing in our homes, we produce sound waves. The energy from the produced sound waves travels through the different materials in our homes such as curtains and sofa covers. These materials absorb sound, and therefore, convert sound energy to heat. This conversion eliminates echoes that would otherwise occur if the sound was reflected and not absorbed.

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The absorption process varies depending on light or sound waves. However, in both cases, wave energy is transformed into another type of energy and is absorbed by the medium.

Absorption scientific definitionmicrobiology

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Note that high-frequency sound waves refer to waves with more oscillations and frequencies of \( 2000\,\mathrm{Hz} \) and higher. Low-frequency sound waves refer to waves with fewer oscillations and frequencies of \( 500\,\mathrm{Hz} \) and lower.

Now the absorption spectrum occurs when light passes through a medium and atoms are absorbed at frequencies characteristic to that particular light ray. Due to re-emitted light not being emitted in the same direction as the absorbed light, dark lines appear on the color spectrum indicating the absence of light.

The absorption of light waves describes electromagnetic radiation that is absorbed and converted into a different type of energy.

Absorption is a concept we experience regularly in our everyday lives. Without it, seeing or hearing would be quite difficult.  Absorption describes how waves are transferred to a medium. In this case, our eyes and ears act as the medium. Our eyes enable us to see light waves, absorb them, and in turn convert them into an electrical impulse that our brains interpret as an image. Our ears capture sound waves and amplify them inside our ear canal which enables us to hear. Hence, let's use this as a starting point in understanding absorption.

The definition "a form of energy produced by the vibrational motion of molecules" corresponds to which of the following terms?

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Light is a colloquial word we often use to describe all light. However, the term light only refers to visible light which is one of seven types of electromagnetic radiation on the spectrum.

The definition "a form of energy produced by the vibrational motion of molecules" corresponds to which of the following terms?

\begin{align}\text{speed}&=f\lambda,\\f&=\frac{\text{speed}}{\lambda},\\f&=\frac{330\,\mathrm{\frac{m}{s}}}{ 1.8\times 10^{-3}\,\mathrm{m}},\\f&=1.8\times10^5\,\mathrm{Hz}. \\\end{align}

Energy is removed from a wave as it passes through a medium with a given thickness. This scenario corresponds to what type of absorption?

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Energy is removed from a wave as it passes through a medium with a given thickness. This scenario corresponds to what type of absorption?

can be applied and rearranged in terms of all three variables. Note that \( f \) is measured in hertz denoted by \( \mathrm{Hz}\) and wavelength is measured in meters denoted by \( \mathrm{m}. \) However, it is important to understand that \( \text{speed} \) is a fixed value for light and sound waves traveling through air. Light waves move at a speed of \( 3\times10^8\,\mathrm{\frac{m}{s}} \) and sound waves move at a speed of \( 330\,\mathrm{\frac{m}{s}}. \) Therefore, we can use this equation to calculate the frequency and wavelength of a given wave. Let's try a quick example.

The absorption of sound waves refers to the amount of energy removed from the wave as it passed through a medium with a given thickness.

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