A stroke can lead to a variety of problems with the fine nerve control of the muscles that move your eyes. We have listed the main ones below:

A consultant ophthalmologist can complete the request to issue you with a certificate and referral for support services. In England and Wales this certificate is called the Certificate of Vision Impairment (CVI). In Scotland this is called the CVI (Scotland) form, and in Northern Ireland it is called A655.

Stroke Association is a Company Limited by Guarantee, registered in England and Wales (No 61274). Registered office: Stroke Association House, 240 City Road, London EC1V 2PR. Registered as a Charity in England and Wales (No 211015) and in Scotland (SC037789). Also registered in the Isle of Man (No 945) and Jersey (No 221), and operating as a charity in Northern Ireland.

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Visual field loss means that you are unable to see a section of your field of vision, usually because the vision areas of your brain have been damaged by the stroke. The eyes themselves work normally, but the brain can't process the images from one area of vision.

If you had vision problems before your stroke, it is important to carry on with any treatment like eye drops, and keep having your regular sight checks. This includes conditions like cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy or glaucoma. Your vision, and the effects of a stroke, can change over time, so it's important to get advice if you notice any changes in your sight.

You may be given magnifiers for use with near objects and reading, or telescopes for distance. You can try anti-glare glasses or overlays, to reduce excessive glare. You can try using brighter lighting, and using colours to make household objects easier to find.

Aphasia friendly video on vision problems after a strokeHow do I know if I have a vision problem? How can a stroke affect my vision? Driving Visual field loss Eye movement problems Visual processing problems Other sight problems Eye health professionals Should I register my sight loss? Tips for coping with vision problems Reading problems after stroke Employment and vision problems Resources

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This involves wearing glasses with a plastic prism in one or both lenses. The prism creates an image of part of the side of visual field loss and reflects it over to your good side. Some vision on the good side is sacrificed, and some people find it gives them double vision and headaches.

After a stroke, you should be referred to an orthoptist or ophthalmologist specialising in stroke and brain injury. They can assess you and arrange treatment for poor vision, double vision or visual field loss. Ideally this assessment should happen before you leave hospital, as visual problems can affect daily life and rehabilitation of other problems after stroke. You might have a full vision assessment in an outpatient clinic. You may be referred to a low vision clinic where you can have an assessment and advice on using magnifiers or other visual aids. You can ask your GP or local optician for a referral.

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Like the other effects of stroke, vision problems can improve over time, as the brain recovers. How you are affected depends on exactly where the stroke occurred in your brain. There are four main areas of visual problem, and you may have one or more:

Many people recover well from visual inattention. You might be able to learn scanning and awareness strategies. If you have problems such as difficulty recognising colours, faces, objects, complex scenes or text, you may be taught to use your other senses (for example touch or hearing) to process the information in a different way and to help you to improve your awareness of the affected side.

Stroke Association is a Company Limited by Guarantee, registered in England and Wales (No 61274). Registered office: Stroke Association House, 240 City Road, London EC1V 2PR. Registered as a Charity in England and Wales (No 211015) and in Scotland (SC037789). Also registered in the Isle of Man (No 945) and Jersey (No 221), and operating as a charity in Northern Ireland.

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Hallucinations can be caused by other conditions affecting the brain, so if you start having them tell your GP, eye health specialist or specialist stroke nurse. There is no medication or treatment for visual hallucinations, but you can find organisations that support people with hallucinations. The Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB) publishes a guide to Charles Bonnet Syndrome and Esme's Umbrella is a campaign group raising awareness of the condition.

There are a number of treatment options. Exercises can help if you have difficulty moving your eyes to look at objects held close to your face. Prisms can improve double vision or allow you to see things to one side if you are unable to look in that direction.

You should have your vision checked before leaving hospital. If this does not happen, or you don't remember having your eyes tested, you can ask your GP to refer you to your local eye clinic or visit your local optician.

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If you have vision problems, there is a wide range of specialist equipment and household items available to help. These include clocks and watches with large numbers, big button telephones and large print books and calendars. Contact the Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB) for more information.

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Light sensitivity is common after a stroke. You might be bothered by bright light, or glare from light coloured surfaces. Some people find that a yellow or orange tinted overlay helps reduce glare and/or use of brown-tinted sunglasses.

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A stroke can damage a key part of the brain that lets you identify words on the page. You might read slowly, find it hard to recognise words, and sometimes mix up letters that look similar (such as p, b and d). There is a practice-based app for alexia called iRead-More: find out more here or download the app on the Apple or Google Play stores.

Visual field loss and neglect can happen together, which can make it harder to use strategies like visual scanning or patches.

For example, when making a cup of tea, you may misjudge the position of the cup, and pour water over the edge rather than into it.

This guide explains the different types of problems you might experience, from eye movement problems to visual field loss, and how these problems are treated. At the end of the guide, you will also find a list of organisations that offer support and further advice.

This can make it hard to focus on objects and cause moving images and / or double vision. This condition is called nystagmus. For more information visit the Nystagmus Network.

Visual inattention can reduce your ability to look or make movements towards part of your environment. It can be mild or more severe. When neglect is severe it may be impossible to draw someone's attention round to their affected side.

If you have weakness in your facial muscles and eyelid muscles, you may have difficulty closing the eyelids fully, or your eyes could stay open when you are asleep. This can lead to a dry eye and irritation. It is important that this is treated early with lubrication drops or ointment to prevent more serious eye complications such as ulcers. You might be advised to tape the lid closed at night if the eye does not always close fully.

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Retinal vessel occlusion is due to a blockage in one of the blood vessels to the retina (retinal arteries). This is called a retinal vessel occlusion. It is also called an 'eye stroke' but unlike a stroke, it does not affect the brain.

If your vision is affected, you must get a specialist visual assessment before attempting to return to driving, even if you think your vision has recovered. The rules about driving with medical conditions state that you cannot drive with visual inattention. For some eye conditions, an assessment can find out whether you can go back to driving.

Some people with visual field loss may not be aware of the missing area of vision. Hemianopia can make reading difficult because it is hard to find the beginning or end of a line and find the next line. You might only notice the field loss if you look in a mirror and can only see one side of your face. It can be difficult to get around, particularly in unfamiliar or crowded places.

Eye tests can be adapted for people with communication difficulties or cognitive problems. Some tests use pictures, symbols or numbers. A retinoscope uses light reflections to check someone's glasses prescription, eye movements or peripheral vision. Specsavers do home visits on request. You can also contact your local optician to ask if they do home visits. Seeability have 'a find an optometrist tool' and Visioncall can help you find an eye specialist with experience in this area.

About two thirds of people have vision problems after a stroke. The information on this page looks at the different ways your vision can be affected, and how you can get treatment and support.

Visual field loss can improve and some people make a complete recovery. Many people will have a permanent visual field loss, but there are techniques to help you make the most of your remaining vision.

If you are assessed as being sight impaired (partially sighted) or severely sight impaired (blind), you can choose to register your sight loss. This can make it easier to get practical help from social services, as well as entitling you to concessions such as council tax reduction, the Disabled Person's Railcard and local travel schemes. It can also help when claiming certain state benefits.

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This is when visual field loss interferes with text reading. You might be able to read accurately but slowly. There is a free practice-based app to help improve your reading: Read-Right.

A patch over one eye can also be used to avoid double vision. This makes it easier to see, but using only one eye (monocular vision) can also cause some difficulty. You can work with an orthoptist to find out which option works best for you.

Some vision problems after stroke are due to the brain having difficulty processing the information received from the eyes and other senses. This can happen in many ways, for example difficulty recognising objects or people by sight, or recognising colours. It can cause difficulty when you try to reach for objects, or make it harder to see more than one object at the same time.

If the nerve control to your eye muscles is affected, one of your eyes may not move correctly. This may give you blurred vision or double vision (diplopia). This is sometimes called a squint or strabismus.

Retinal vessel occlusion shares many of the risk factors for stroke, so you will be given tests and checks for conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes and high cholesterol. You should be advised on taking steps to improve your health such as stopping smoking, maintaining a healthy weight and eating a balanced diet.

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Often people think that the vision in one eye has been affected, but it is usually one side of the visual field of both eyes.

About two-thirds of people experience some changes to their vision after stroke. These vision problems can lead to difficulty carrying out a lot of daily tasks and activities, from getting around to reading and shopping.

After a stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA), by law you cannot drive a car for one month. Whether you can return to driving depends on the type of stroke you had and the vehicle you drive.

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If you are finding reading difficult, ask your stroke nurse or local optician to refer you for some specialist advice about practical things you can try to improve your reading.

Ask your orthoptist or optometrist (optician) if you need new glasses, and if you would benefit from low vision aids. An eye health specialist or GP can give you a referral to the local low vision service, where you can get low vision aids and advice.

You might need someone to help you get around in the early days and weeks after the stroke. With support, and by learning techniques like visual scanning, people can regain confidence and become more independent.

This aphasia friendly video provides information on vision problems after a stroke and the help and support available. Click here to return to the aphasia friendly information page.

The commonest type of visual processing problem is visual inattention or neglect, which means that you are unaware of things to one side of you. It's often due to strokes on the right side of the brain so the left side of visual space is affected. For example, you may be unaware of objects and people on your affected side, and may ignore people or bump into things because you don't realise they are there.

If no referral was made before discharge from hospital, it is useful to visit your optician who can provide treatment or refer to the eye clinic where needed. It is important to note that appropriate assessments and treatments are free and available through the NHS. Please check with your eye specialist about treatment options before considering private treatment.

It's not always obvious right away how your vision is affecting you, as different practical and emotional difficulties can emerge over time.

Vision problems after a stroke can affect your daily life in many ways. You could find it more difficult to do things like reading, shopping and watching videos. You may struggle to get around, or need support for returning to work, such as help with travel or new ways of doing your job.

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These may affect your eyes' ability to move between objects, or to follow a moving object, like someone walking past. These problems can make reading more difficult and can also affect your general mobility. For example if you are unable to look around quickly, walking outside is likely to be more challenging.

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To register your sight loss, contact your local social services or hospital eye clinic, and they will add you to the register. The Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB) has more information on the benefits of registering your sight loss and how to do it.

This encourages you to look to your left and right sides in a more efficient way. EyeSearch and ReadRight are free online therapies designed to improve the speed and accuracy of eye scanning and reading. Other options include using line guides when reading, having good lighting, and using edge markers on books and newspapers. These therapies aim to improve visual function by training eye movements to be more efficient.

It almost always affects the same side of the visual field in both eyes (this is called 'homonymous' visual field loss). The part of the visual field that is lost and how big it is depends on where the stroke occurred in your brain.

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Visual hallucinations caused by sight loss are not a symptom of a mental health problem. They often start after a sudden loss of vision. They almost always improve with time as your brain gets used to the loss of vison. They can return or get worse if your sight gets worse or if you are unwell due to an infection.

Stroke Association is a Company Limited by Guarantee, registered in England and Wales (No 61274). Registered office: Stroke Association House, 240 City Road, London EC1V 2PR. Registered as a Charity in England and Wales (No 211015) and in Scotland (SC037789). Also registered in the Isle of Man (No 945) and Jersey (No 221), and operating as a charity in Northern Ireland.

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You won't always be aware that you have a vision problem, which is why it's important to have your vision checked after a stroke. Things like visual field loss and visual processing problems may only be picked up by a test. You or other people might notice that you are bumping into things, or that you're not aware of things happening to one side. To find out some of the signs to look out for with different types of vision problem, see later on this page.

Stroke Association is a Company Limited by Guarantee, registered in England and Wales (No 61274). Registered office: Stroke Association House, 240 City Road, London EC1V 2PR. Registered as a Charity in England and Wales (No 211015) and in Scotland (SC037789). Also registered in the Isle of Man (No 945) and Jersey (No 221), and operating as a charity in Northern Ireland.

If you notice new vision problems after you go home, tell your GP, local optician or specialist stroke nurse. They can refer you to the hospital eye clinic for a further assessment.

If just one eye is affected, often with combined central and peripheral vision loss, it may be due to damage to the blood supply to the eye itself (see retinal vessel occlusion under other sight problems).

If you are having problems with your work because of your vision, you can ask your employer to make reasonable adjustments to help you. You can get information on your rights at work and how to return to employment after a stroke in our guide 'A complete guide to work and stroke'. The Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB) has advice and resources on vision problems and work.

Damage to brain regions that deal with spatial analysis of the world can mean you get lost on the page. There is a free reading aid app that helps you with visuo-spatial challenges of text reading by presenting text one line or even one word at a time: Read-Clear.

Your visual field is everything you can see - including straight ahead (central vision) and out to the side (peripheral vision).

Visual hallucinations happen when the brain generates images in the missing area of vision. The images most often appear in your blind area. You might see simple patterns, or more complex images of people and places. For some people, it is the only time they notice the area of vision loss. It is also known as Charles Bonnet syndrome.