Pinhole Camera Aperture Chart - pinhole size
To use these panels, place them next to the optic under inspection and compare the imperfections on the optic's surface to the imperfections on the panel. Both of our panels are designed for use with dimensional analysis, which facilitates an unbiased qualification of the optic’s imperfections. Manufacturers and users are recommended to use the same standard.
The FS201 includes the FS201-FC adapter for FC-/ST-/SC-terminated fibers (Ø2.5 mm ferrules) and the FS201-SMA adapter for SMA905- and SMA906-terminated fibers (Ø3 mm ferrules). The FS200-LC adapter for LC-terminated fibers (Ø1.25 mm ferrules) and the FS201-PM for polarization-maintaining fibers are available separately below.
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The tools on this page are primarily used for inspecting fiber optic ends and other optics. A fiber inspection scope is used to examine the polished end of a terminated fiber. The scope illuminates and magnifies the fiber tip so scratches and other defects can be seen. An SMA connector height gauge provides a way to accurately measure the length of an SMA905 connector, which is important in SMA to SMA coupling. Our premium eye loupes with 6X or 10X magnification are ideal for use in quality control departments. We also offer a head-worn magnifier, an inspection mirror, an uncertified scratch-dig paddle, and certified scratch-dig panels for optic surface inspection.
This head-worn inspection magnifier is ESD compliant and cleanroom compatible. It is ideal for inspecting components when high magnification is not required and may be worn with or without prescription eyeglasses. The position of the magnifying lenses is adjustable so that they can be swung out of your line of sight when magnification is not needed.
The maximum magnification that can be achieved on the human retina is given by the loupe magnification definition, which is a thin-lens formula:where M is the magnification and f is the focal length of the lens in mm. When using this equation, the magnification of EYL06X is 5.5 and the magnification of EYL10X is 8.9.
Fiber Scope OperationInsert the fiber connector into the adapter until it stops and then firmly hold in place during inspection. To activate illumination, flip the switch on the bottom of the scope; "|" activates coaxial illumination, while "||" activates oblique illumination. Once finished, flip the switch back to "O" to turn the scope off.
Thorlabs' Premium Eye Loupes provide clear magnification that is ideal for inspecting optics and small parts. The eye loupes were designed by Thorlabs to maximize working distance when used with the knurled edge oriented towards the eye. They use a pair of glass achromatic doublets to minimize chromatic and other aberrations. The AR coating on each optical surface is optimized to reduce internal reflections at wavelengths visible to the human eye. These high-quality magnifiers are suitable for quality control applications in industry or inspecting optics in the lab. They are available in 6X and 10X magnifications.
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The MOTP-MILB panel is defined by the ANSI/OEOSC OP1.002 standard for scratches and digs and also corresponds to the MIL-PRF-13830B standard for digs labeled 5 to 50. This panel places an emphasis on the shape of the imperfection and is divided in two parts, scratches and digs. The given grade numbers for the imperfections indicate scratch width in µm or dig diameter in 1/100 mm.
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The 10125HG SMA height gauge is ideal for accurately measuring the height of a polished fiber optic SMA905 connector. SMA-to-SMA couplers are designed to have a non-contact interface, and since the insertion loss (IL) of an SMA-SMA junction is dependent on the distance between the two SMA connector end faces, the height of the polished SMA connector is important. We recommend frequent calibration using the attached calibration pin. For detailed calibration instructions, please see the manual. Please note that this gauge is not compatible with SMA906 connectors.
Certificates with nominal and measured feature dimensions for the masks used to create these panels are available by clicking on the Support Docs icons () below.
The FS201 should not be used to view an active emitting fiber. An attenuating laser safety filter in the FS201 reduces the risk of accidental viewing of active fiber emissions. However, due to the IR wavelengths commonly used in fiber optics, the natural aversion reflex to viewing bright light is suppressed and can result in a longer accidental exposure time. Therefore, Thorlabs recommends that light sources must be disconnected from the patch cable or turned off prior to inspection.
To use, thread an SMA905-terminated fiber into the port at the bottom of the gauge and hand tighten. The connector height measurement on the gauge face is with respect to 0.3860". The photo above shows a ferrule with a height of 0.3863" which reads as +3 ticks on the gauge face. Be sure the gauge is properly calibrated prior to use.
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The height gauge should not be used for testing high-power fiber patch cables as the contact between the gauge and connector end can damage the exposed fiber tip.
Scratch-dig paddles are used to determine the cosmetic surface quality of an optic. Made of acrylic and cast from a mold, Thorlabs' SDP Scratch-Dig Paddle contains 7 rectangular sections and 7 circular sections each of which contains a different scratch or a different dig. Scratch-dig refers to the cosmetic quality of the surface of an optic and is defined by the U.S. military (MIL-PRF-13830B). A scratch is defined as any marking or tearing of the glass surface and the digs are small rough spots on the glass surface, similar to pits in appearance. This reference contains scratch numbers 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 120, and 160, and dig numbers 5, 10, 20, 40, 50, 70, and 100; the scratches are classified topographically and comply with MIL-PRF-13830B standards, while the mean diameter of each of the digs is physically measured. A table showing measured feature dimensions for the digs in the molds used to create these paddles is shown to the right.
In this study from #OPG_OL, INSA Strasbourg researchers present a point-source model made of only the evanescent waves: https://bit.ly/4eIVAXw To illustrate its potential, the team applies the model to the study of the evanescent wave contribution in microsphere-assisted microscopy (MAM), where it successfully distinguished the contribution of evanescent waves in the microsphere imaging process. Written by: Rayenne Boudoukha, Stéphane Perrin, Assia Guessoum, Nacer-E. Demagh, Paul Montgomery, and Sylvain Lecler #imaging #scienceandtechnology #photonics #physics
Although not certified, this paddle contains scratch and dig features that can be used as a reference to compare with any optic for classification. To use the paddle, place it next to the optic you are inspecting and compare the imperfections on the optic's surface to the imperfections on the paddle. We also offer Scratch-Dig Panels (sold below) that are fabricated photolithographically and conform to the ISO 10110-7 and ANSI/OEOSC OP1.002 standards.
Optical flat
This Bausch + Lomb® loupe is an ideal, economical tool for inspecting optics and small parts. The eyepiece provides a clear, 10X magnification. This loupe is designed to be used with the flared edge facing the eye. If the JEL10 does not meet your inspection needs, our premium eye loupes (featured above) provide a higher image quality and a wider field of view suitable for industry inspection applications.
This #OPG_Optica study paves the way for the deployment of large-scale twin-field QKD networks enabled by compact, low-cost and high-yield chip-based devices: https://bit.ly/4eAZJwK The research team exploited optical injection locking to implement phase dissemination to independent lasers onto photonic circuits, demonstrating complete phase control on the same chip with electro-optic phase modulators. The study confirms that exploiting the linewidth narrowing effect of optical injection locking can prove a promising alternative to further reduce the deployment costs of TF QKD in asymmetric channels. Written by: Han Du, Taofiq K. Paraiso, Mirko Pittaluga, Yuen San Lo, Joseph A. Dolphin, and Andrew J. Shields #QKD #quantum #quantumphysics #technology #photonics #physics
The FS201 Fiber Inspection Scope produces a high-quality, low-distortion image of both the fiber end and surrounding ferrule. With a high-intensity illumination system and 200X magnification, this microscope is powerful enough to offer a clear image of the fiber core as well as the surrounding cladding. The FS201 offers both coaxial and oblique illumination settings. The coaxial setting provides symmetric lighting for high-detail inspection, and the oblique setting provides light at an off-center angle to the fiber end face for higher contrast. The FS201 should not be used to inspect a fiber connected to an active light source; light sources must be disconnected or turned off prior to inspection.
Solar Eclipse Glasses and Viewers offer ISO and CE-Certified protection against harmful solar radiation and are suitable for direct solar viewing.
Research from JOSA A [#OPG_JOSA_A] provides a comprehensive introduction to aero-optical effects: https://bit.ly/4fCcAQK As the first part of a two-part tutorial, the paper discusses aerodynamic environments associated with a hemisphere-on-cylinder beam director, the performance implications that phase errors have on airborne-laser systems, imaging performance, and more. Written by: Matthew Kalensky, Stanislav Gordeyev, Matthew R. Kemnetz, and Mark F. Spencer Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering #photonics #optics #aerodynamics #physics #lasers #imaging
Startup company Q.ANT launched its first commercial product, a photonics-based Native Processing Unit, which they promise will provide significantly faster speeds and greater energy efficiency for high-performance computing 💻 and AI applications. Read the OPN story 👉 https://bit.ly/3B2p8BG
Faster space communication with record-sensitive receiver: https://cisn.co/3OEwoHr A Chalmers University of Technology team developed a system which could open up new communication opportunities – and discoveries – in space. The system, which does not generate additional noise, uses an optical amplifier in the receiver to boost the signal with minimal noise interference, allowing for information recycling. The new development can eventually be used in practice in communication links between space and Earth. Published in #OPG_Optica #space #spacecommunications #photonics #scienceandtechnology
OPN's December issue is now live! 🥳 The issue includes the research selected for OPN's 2024 Year in Optics and winners of the 2024 Photo Contest! Check it out online 👉 https://bit.ly/4fZPcMR #Optics #OPN #YearinOptics #Photography #Photonics
The graph to the right shows the theoretical insertion loss as a function of the separation of two SMA connectors using our M38L01 patch cable. The fiber in this cable has a core diameter of 200 µm, a numerical aperture of 0.39, and an index of 1.4571 at 633 nm. This graph was generated using the following equation:
These connector adapters are used with the FS201 Fiber Inspection Scope sold above to enable compatibility with different ferrule and connector types (see table to the right for options). The FS201-PM adapter is like the FS201-FC adapter, except it features a V-groove that is aligned with the wide key slot on the FC/PC bulkhead. This provides a rough guide for determining the relative alignment of the connector key to the fiber stress members when used with polarization-maintaining patch cables.
Eye Loupe MagnificationThe magnification specification provided for these eye loupes is determined using the standard magnification definition:where M is the magnification, Himage is the image height, and Hobject is the object height. This definition is valid when used at the specified working distance. When using this equation, the magnification of EYL06X and EYL10X is 6.0 and 10.0, respectively, as specified in the table above.
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mil-prf-13830b
Procedure:The surface quality is to be specified by a number such as 60-40 scratch-dig. The first number corresponds to the max scratch width compared to the reference scratches on the SDP paddle. It does not correspond directly to a precise scratch width. The next number indicates the mean diameter of a dig in hundredths of a millimeter. The table to the right can be used to quickly convert the dig number into millimeters or inches.
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To inspect the full surface area of fibers with larger cores or fibers with angled faces, it may be necessary to rotate the fiber connector. This is also useful for differentiating between contaminants on the face of the fiber connector and those on the scope optic itself. In order to see the entire field of view, the rubber eyepiece should be as close as possible to the operator's eye. Operators who normally wear eyeglasses should remove them to fully inspect the fiber. Please note that under normal operation, the focus adjustment knob should not be rotated to its limits. Doing so repeatedly may cause the unit to fail over time.
where z is the separation distance, a is the radius of the core size in µm, NA is the numerical aperture of the fiber, and n0 is the index of the core. Click here to download an interactive Excel file which can be used to calculate and graph the theoretical insertion loss for any fiber.
Although each adapter comes pre-aligned for use with the FS201, it may be necessary to align the adapter to center the fiber in the field of view for fibers with poor centration. First, follow the basic steps above to inspect a test fiber. Using a 1.5 mm hex key or balldriver, loosen the three setscrews around the edge of the connector adapter at the end of the scope. Look through the illuminated scope, focus on the fiber ferrule, and align the connector until the ferrule face is centered within the field of view. Progressively adjust the three setscrews until the end face is in the center of the scope view.
The MOTP-ISO panel is defined by the ISO 10110-7 standard. The imperfections are evaluated and classified depending on their physical sizes with no distinction between a scratch and a dig. All imperfections can be considered scratches of different sizes.
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This #OPG_OpticaQ study uses topology optimization to inverse-design nanophotonic cavities, enabling the preparation of pure states of pairs and triples of quantum emitters: https://bit.ly/40J0gcR The research team from the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid paved the way for the efficient and fast preparation of multiqubit quantum states with engineered features. The study opens up new applications for nonclassical light generation, quantum sensing, and metrology. Written by: A. Miguel-Torcal, A. González-Tudela, F. J. García-Vidal, and A. I. Fernández-Domínguez #quantum #quantumphysics #quantumoptics #physics #photonics #scienceandtechnology
These Scratch-Dig Panels are a certified traceable option used to determine the cosmetic surface quality of an optic. We offer two scratch-dig panels, each with their own set of imperfections. For details and dimensions on the photolithographically marked patterns, please refer to the photo to the right and the expandable table below.
City University of Hong Kong researchers introduced metasurfaces to abrupt autofocusing (AAF) beams for dynamic steering: https://bit.ly/4hWjF01 The technique, which can finely adjust beams without compromising efficiency, can enable precision operation in biomedical applications, including enhanced laser surgery, optical tweezing, and optimized photodynamic therapy. Written by: Rong Lin, Jin Yao, Jingcheng Zhang, Xiaoyu Che, Borui Leng, Zhihui Wang, Muku Chen, and Din Ping Tsai Published in #OPG_JOSA_B #lasers #laserscience #physics #photonics #technology
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Adapter AlignmentAlthough each adapter comes pre-aligned for use with the FS201, it may be necessary to align the adapter to center the fiber in the field of view for fibers with poor centration. First, follow the basic steps above to inspect a test fiber. Using a 1.5 mm hex key or balldriver, loosen the three setscrews around the edge of the connector adapter at the end of the scope. Look through the illuminated scope, focus on the fiber ferrule, and align the connector until the ferrule face is centered within the field of view. Progressively adjust the three setscrews until the end face is in the center of the scope view.
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DAY 1: Optica QUANTUM SUMMIT IN THEIR OWN WORDS. This is different. I did my usual dinner “dance” at the end of the first day of the 3rd Optica Industry Summit on Quantum. My team and I were surprised by some of the statements I heard when I asked for impressions. Bringing people from all over the world at this particular time in Quantum is essential, especially now with all the uncertainties in the world. And this industry seems more open to collaboration and frank discussion. That’s why we create this trusted space for industry at our in-person Optica events. Several companies are at a point when their device needs to leave the lab for them to grow. Finding the right partners and investors becomes even more essential. Thanks to the following people who shared in this version: Ankur Khurana, Toshiba Quantum Technology Daniel Brau, Miraex Clemens Matthiesen, Oxford Ionics Quinn Palmer, Light Trace Photonics (congrats on your new investment round, raising £600k) Carsten Lilleholt Thomsen, NKT Photonics Wladick Hartmann, Pixel Photonics Max Widarsson, SLF Svenska Laserfabriken AB Edmund Owen, Cambridge Consultants Henry White, BAE Systems Air Sector Deepak Jain, CEO Deeplase – (thanks for all the work you do for Optica) . Dr Martín Miguel Ángel Núñez Velázquez Coractive So what are YOUR thoughts? Feedback welcome. And thanks for supporting the whole Optica Industry team. Onward.
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At the latest Optica Online Industry Meeting, these companies across the entire supply chain covered #LiDAR, discussing areas like #automotive, #robotics vision, remote sensing, mapping, and more. The meeting covered technological solutions such as next-generation sources and detectors and alternative architectures aimed at improving the key metrics such as range, and sensitivity, reducing costs and complexity while enhancing reliability and deployment of LiDAR #technology. Attendees addressed current challenges and identified partnerships for further technological enhancements in the field of LiDAR. Learn more about the meeting and watch the recording here: https://lnkd.in/eWX_Yu_n Hear contributions from Continental, Heiko Leppin Vayu Robotics, Anand Gopalan John Deere, Zach Bonefas Lumotive, Apurva (Chirag) Jain Ommatidia LIDAR, Eduardo Margallo SCRAMBLUX GmbH, Mirvais Yousefi Exail, Nicéphore Nicolas OEwaves Inc., Orri Jonsson ⚛️ imec, Marcus Dahlem Luminate Accelerator, Damon Diehl Thank you to Optica Staff Olga Raz, Helena Diez-y-Riega, and Jose Pozo.
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