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The objective lens is the most important optical component of the microscope. It uses light to make the object under inspection image for the first time. Therefore, it directly affects and affects the quality of the image and various optical technical parameters. It is the primary standard to measure the quality of a microscope.

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The microscope objective lens is an aplanatic system. This means that: in terms of a pair of conjugate points on the axis, when the spherical aberration is eliminated and the sinusoidal condition is realized, each objective lens has only two such aplanatic points. Therefore, any change in the calculated positions of objects and images results in larger aberrations. Installed on the rotator at the lower end of the lens barrel, there are generally 3-4 objective lenses, among which the shortest one engraved with the symbol "10×" is a low-magnification lens, and the longer one engraved with the symbol "40×" is a high-power lens. The long one engraved with the "100×" symbol is an oil lens. In addition, a circle of lines of different colors is often added to the high-power lens and the oil lens to show the difference.

The structure of the objective lens is complicated and the production is precise. It is usually composed of lens groups, and the lenses are separated from each other by a certain distance to reduce the phase difference. Each group of lenses is made of one or several lenses of different materials and parameters. The objective lens has many specific requirements, such as coaxial and parfocal. The modern microscope objective lens has reached a high degree of perfection, its numerical aperture is close to the limit, and the difference between the resolution at the center of the field of view and the theoretical value is negligible. However, the possibility of continuing to increase the field of view of the microscope objective lens and improving the imaging quality at the edge of the field of view still exists, and this kind of research work is still in progress. Parfocality means that during the microscope inspection, when the image is observed clearly with an objective lens of a certain magnification, when the objective lens of another magnification is switched, the image should be basically clear, and the center deviation of the image should also be within a certain range. , that is, the degree of alignment. The pros and cons of parfocal performance and the degree of coaxiality are an important indicator of the quality of the microscope, which is related to the quality of the objective lens itself and the precision of the objective lens converter.

Aberrations related to wide beams are spherical aberration, coma, and positional chromatic aberration; aberrations related to field of view are astigmatism, field curvature, distortion, and magnification envelope aberration. The difference between the microscope objective lens and the eyepiece lens is that it participates in imaging. The objective lens is the most complex and important part of the microscope, working in wide beams (large aperture), but the inclination angle of these beams to the optical axis is small (viewing angle small field); the eyepiece works in a narrow beam, but its inclination angle is large (large field of view). When calculating the objective lens and eyepiece, there is a big difference in eliminating aberrations.