What substance absorbslightenergy during photosynthesis

polarization, n. meanings, etymology, pronunciation and more in the Oxford English Dictionary.

The notation Nd:YAG means that in an yttrium-aluminium garnet crystal (chemically: Y3Al5O12) yttrium ions (chemical symbol: Y) have been replaced by neodymium (chemical symbol: Nd). With the Nd:YAG laser, the doping (degree of replacement) is between 0.5% - 3%. The higher the degree of doping, the higher the laser power, but the lower the beam quality. This conflict of objectives is true for all lasers.

Transmission oflight

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Absorption of energy is called

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Other areas of application for the Nd:YAG laser include research, optical flow technology, the removal of tattoos as well as dazzler weapons in the military.

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The real answer is " quantum magic." Otherwise, it's simply an observed effect that a photon will be absorbed when its energy matches the transition energy of an electron (said electron gaining potential energy).

What happens whenlightis absorbed

In the realisation of a solid-state body as a laser medium, usually the biggest technological challenge is: This solid-state body must be high-purity but selectively doped and, at best, monocrystalline. It should also implement supplied energy with the highest possible efficiency, thus minimising heat loss. A solid-state laser can be destroyed by its own gain at high pumping power. Therefore, the laser medium must be able to withstand the highest possible energy density.

The power to absorb light and utilize it in some way. Sub-power of Light Manipulation and Darkness Manipulation. Variation of Elemental Absorption and ...

Absorb the lightanswer

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The wavelength of the Nd:YAG laser is almost 10 times lower than that of the CO2 laser (1,064 microns compared to 10.6 microns). The shorter wavelength allows for a significantly smaller centre of focus and thus higher intensities at the same power compared to CO2 lasers. This - and the shorter wavelength absorbed by metals - is of great advantage for metalworking.

Newer disc-shaped resonator geometries (“disc lasers” and “slab lasers”) are increasingly replacing “conventional” cylindrical Nd:YAG rods (“laser rods”). This is because with cylindrical rods, the diameter of the cylinder is much smaller than the length and thus, they have a much smaller surface area than a disc of equal volume (i,e, diameter is much larger than the thickness). This makes cylindrical resonator rods much more difficult to cool. Heat can be dissipated much more efficiently with disc lasers than with rod lasers and higher pump powers are also possible which ultimately also lead to higher laser powers. Currently, Nd:YAG lasers with a continuous output power of more than 10 kW are in industrial use.

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The wavelength emitted by the Nd:YAG laser can be relatively efficiently halved by means of non-linear crystals, i.e. the frequency of the laser light is doubled. This gives visible green light with a wavelength of 1064nm / 2 = 532nm. Frequency tripling or wavelength thirding leads to UV emissions of 1064nm / 3 = 355nm. This wavelength permits the marking of virtually all plastics.

In a comment the OP mentions coloured glass as an example of what is meant by absorption. If we take for example green glass, this is frequently coloured using iron (II) salts. Light is absorbed and promotes electrons between the $\text{Fe}^{2+}$ $3d$ orbitals (the $3d$ orbitals are split into different energies by the environment). The excited electrons relax by transferring energy to the surrounding chemical bonds as vibrational excitations, which turns the absorbed light into heat.

Electrons have much a shorter wavelength than visible light, and this allows electron microscopes to produce higher-resolution images than standard light ...

If you start with an isolated atom or molecule, the a photon of the right frequency can be absorbed by exciting the atom/molecule to a higher energy state. Why this happens is discussed in my answer to How do photons know they can or can't excite electrons in atoms?. The excited state will decay back to the ground state and re-emit a photon. So the light is not lost though it may be scattered into a different direction.

What does it mean toabsorb the light

Ocular lenses are also called the eyepiece. This contains a system of lenses that magnify further the image formed by the objective lenses and projects it ...

An Nd:YAG laser is a solid-state laser whose main emission line is near infrared at 1064nm. The host crystal is yttrium aluminium garnet. Typically, 0.5% - 3% of the yttrium atoms are replaced by neodymium (“doping”). This type of laser was developed in 1964 in Bell Laboratories. In addition to CO2 and fiber lasers, it is one of the most common and widely used types of lasers for industrial material processing.

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The optical efficiency indicates the ratio of radiated laser power to the supplied light power. While this is only about 2-4% for lamp-pumped YAG lasers, diode-pumped systems achieve optical efficiencies of between 30-50%. The lower heat loss of the diode-pumped systems increases the service life of the crystal and reduces the cooling effort. In addition, they enable higher repetition rates (number of pulses per second) in pulse mode (e.g. Q-switch) and pulse peak powers.

If you move to very high-energy photons which are absorbed in the nucleus, the rules get messier but the basics are the same: the particles in the nucleus have their own set of energy states (or energy of fission) which have to match the photon energy. That's very top level, of course.

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Energy is supplied optically, i.e. the Nd:YAG crystal is illuminated. The neodymium ions (Nd3+) are excited electronically. Krypton arc lamps, halogen lamps, xenon flash lamps, light diodes or laser diodes are used as pump sources.

In short, the latter are suitable light emitting diodes whose interfaces have been mirrored so that they form a resonator. Laser diodes are thus electrically pumped and extremely compact semiconductor lasers (these are a subgroup of the solid-state lasers). The high efficiency of the diodes themselves (from now on this designates LEDs and laser diodes), the precision of controllability and the greater length of service life compared to lamps, have greatly increased the popularity of the Nd:YAG laser, displacing the previously used lamp pump sources, at least in the lower power range.

Objective lenses are responsible for primary image formation, determining the quality of the image produced and controlling the total magnification and ...

For lasers with an average output power of up to about 100 watts, the excitation takes place via diode lasers that have a wavelength of 808nm (diode-pumped laser). The neodymium atoms are excited electronically, i.e. their electrons reach the higher energy level through absorption of the pump light. The energy stored in the excited atoms is released again by stimulated emission.

The high peak power of the laser makes it ideal for marking a wide range of different materials. The main areas of application include the laser engraving of workpieces, tools or devices. When marking plastics, in many cases, the laser marking results in a very visible colour change (dark) or foaming of the polymer (light marking).

I found this question on a hobby science forum (mainly about chemistry) and found embarrassingly that I couldn't answer the question. A few searches along the lines of 'photons absorption' here on Ph.SE yielded surprisingly little.

Furthermore, the light that is emitted by the Nd:YAG laser (near infrared) can be guided in a glass fiber, facilitating its integration into many machines e.g. welding robot. One particular economical advantage is that inexpensive optical elements made of quartz glass can be used. In addition to laser marking, Nd:YAG lasers are mainly used for laser welding, cutting and micromachining.

In a dense medium like a liquid or solid the atoms/molecules interact mechanically with their neighbours i.e. vibrations of the atom/molecule can be transmitted to neighbouring atoms/molecules and vice versa. In these conditions it is very likely that the excited atom/molecule will transfer its extra energy into mechanical vibrations before it has a chance to re-emit the energy as light. The end result is that the light is turned into vibrational energy i.e. heat.