As the only model with 10x optical zoom, we had really high expectations for the S22 Ultra. But we were a little disappointed by the result. Don't get us wrong, this is a superb image. In fact, it's one of the better ones in this category.

It might be a bit unfair to the Xiaomi 12 Pro, considering the real flagship 12S Ultra. However, the 12S Ultra is not available outside of China, hence we expected more out of its main available contender.

This photo is a testament to Huawei's long history in its pursuit of smartphone photography excellence. The P50 Pro is said to only have a 7x lossless zoom, but at first glance, this photo looks as sharp as it gets.

Oppo Find X5 Pro's interpretation feels quite similar to the OnePlus 10 Pro's effort. The resulting image has a lot of pixelation, noise artefacts, and detail loss. The image is also overexposed, with the water lily in front of the Waterhen being a big patch of green.

Astigmatismaberration

We tempered expectations due to its 2x optical zoom camera, but somehow, Xiaomi managed to do less than that with a murky and blur image of the Waterhen reminding us of an era where single-digit megapixels were considered game-changing, and Nokia reigned supreme in the mobile phone industry.

For social media channels, this 10x shot by iPhone 13 Pro Max would have been sufficient for casual social media use, apart from being slightly overexposed. But if you look closely at the actual pixel size, there is clear loss in sharpness and visible noise artefacts.

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... polarized, there are a few ways to test them out. Put them on and look at a reflective surface in bright conditions (such as water, glass, or the road).

With such a challenging shot, it came down to a small handful of contenders that could render our 10x requirements with great clarity, sharpness, colour dynamics, and general pixel peeping to check for minimal digital artefacts.

Note: All images were judged on a colour-calibrated screen and as such, if our commentary doesn't quite equate to what you're viewing onscreen, there's a high chance you would need to have your screen(s) calibrated or re-calibrated, which could easily make up for the difference perceived.

The f-number of an object is the ratio of focal length and aperture diameter, and used for indirectly indicating the aperture size. Large numbers imply ...

Chromaticaberration

This is a shot that will easily fool your followers to think you might have shot this on a DSLR. Overall, it is a praiseworthy attempt.

While the colours are spot on, the overzealous sharpening led to detail loss, making the photo looks almost like a watercolour painting. You cannot even make out the feathers on the Waterhen. We expected more from Apple given the brand's attention to quality and imaging performance, and how past performance on older models would've inspired Apple to do better.

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The photo shows nice details of the Waterhen's beak and the feathers on its back and side. Even in the shadowed areas, you can see the eye of the Waterhen clearly. While there is some pixelation in the image, it is almost devoid of any noise artefacts, which is a good thing.

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In addition, the Waterhen itself looks really soft, as if there is a soft filter being used. All these flaws become quite evident even when you post this photo on social media. The outcome rendered by Oppo is most bewildering and a big letdown considering that the Find X series prides itself on top-notch photography. Perhaps that's applicable to its main camera rather than the telephoto lens they've chosen to pair with the Find X5 Pro.

Sphericalaberration

It may be possible to minimize some of these aberrations by careful choice of the radii of curvature of a lens system (“bending the lens”), although the condition for minimizing one aberration may be different from minimizing another. Consequently some sort of compromise must be reached, which may depend on which aberrations are important, and which are not so important, for a particular application.

Aberration opticallenses

Underexposure aside, this is a beautiful image of the Waterhen by Vivo's X80 Pro. Its image sharpness and the presence of noise artefacts are only slightly below that of Pixel 6 Pro and S22 Ultra.

The colours are accurate and the exposure is almost perfect, with clear separation from the bright and dark areas of the pond. Yet, you can still make out the details of the Waterhen's feathers and its sharp red eye.

A standard imaging Fresnel lens takes the "unused" glass from a lens, and flattens the active surface into strips of curves. A solar(non ...

20181025 — The main difference between both types of binoculars with Roof prism is that those with Schmidt – Pechan prisms tend to be smaller and less ...

The exposure is perfect without any areas showing under- or over-compensation. All the water lilies show incredible details, whether they are in the bright or dark areas of the photo.

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Types ofaberrationin optics

You can hardly figure out if the bird has feathers with a body being mainly a big patch of black. Its red eye has become yellow in this instance as well. Plus, the photo looks a tad overexposed.

You probably can fool people by saying you got this shot with a mirrorless camera or DSLR when you post it on social media. The Waterhen is captured superbly feeding on the water lily.

As you can evidently surmise, the Sony phone was eliminated quite early from the contenders in this category. It looks like digital zoom is not a consideration for this smartphone.

Here, we will be photographing a White-breasted Waterhen swimming in a pond at Singapore Botanical Gardens. We will be using the 10x zoom option for each smartphone to do so. This is a difficult shot, so it can be considered a bonus if the smartphone can pull it off. Things that we will be looking out for include details resolved of the Waterhen's feathers, the overall sharpness and exposure handling.

Aberration opticalchromatic

Aberration opticalmeaning

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Furthermore, you can easily discern the feathers on the back of the Waterhen as well as its facial features. The only drawback is the dark side (right-hand side) of Waterhen shows watercolour-like blotches. Otherwise, this is an amazing photo, technically speaking.

It is only upon closer inspection that you will see some pixelation, noise artefacts, and a little sharpness loss. But overall, this is an excellent attempt and a great example of computational photography done superbly.

Wildlife is one field of photography that continues to elude the smartphone camera. The common belief is you need a proper camera setup, be it a mirrorless camera or DSLR with a whopping 400mm or 600mm telephoto lens.

The details on the back and side of the Waterhen are more discernible than most of the contenders here. You can even see the legs of the Waterhen underwater!

We have hitherto made the assumption that a lens or a curved mirror is able to form a point image of a point object. This may be approximately true if the depth of the mirror or the thickness of the lens is small compared with other distances, and if the angle that all rays make with axis of the mirror or lens is small, and if we are using monochromatic light. Usually none of these conditions is satisfied exactly, and consequently the image formed by a lens or curved mirror suffers from several aberrations.

The salivary, or acquired, pellicle is a protein-based layer that covers all orally exposed surfaces of the teeth. Although this pellicle film can be modified ...

With a glance at this photo, you'd instantly know it's taken using digital zoom. OnePlus 10 Pro's interpretation of this scene has all the hallmarks of a highly cropped image with visible pixelation, noise artefacts and over-enthusiastic sharpening. This isn't us dunking on OnePlus, because it's the expected performance for most smartphone cameras, except that most people don't expect this class of performance out of OnePlus' top phone model. Plus, it doesn't come cheap either.

In addition, unless we are using monochromatic light, lenses (but not mirrors) exhibit chromatic aberration (longitudinal and transverse).

Aberration opticalexamples

We also expect the Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra to have an upper hand, since it's the only contender here with 10x optical zoom capability (with theoretically better image quality). That said, other contenders are likely to use a mix of cameras to achieve the 10x zoom level required of this test, and so it falls upon their software and camera prowess to deliver. It is up to the rest of the pack to rise up to the challenge.

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We chose 10x zoom because we want to test the smartphone's telephoto camera zoom capabilities at a practical level. For shorter zoom ranges, it's likely that users would opt to reposition themselves to get the main camera working instead. On the other hand, zoom levels beyond 10x still don't offer elegant social media-ready shots, with significant noise and software compensation.

The only downer is that the image seems to be a tad overexposed. Not a deal breaker, but something Samsung should have done better. The overexposure causes the lily in front of the Waterhen to lose many details, which was well captured on the Huawei P50 Pro. It spoils an otherwise almost perfect rendition of the scene.