arcpy.management.XYTableToPoint(in_table, out_feature_class, x_field, y_field, {z_field}, {coordinate_system})NameExplanationData Typein_tableThe table containing the x- and y-coordinates that define the locations of the point features that will be created.Table Viewout_feature_classThe feature class containing the output point features. Feature Classx_fieldThe field in the input table that contains the x-coordinates (longitude).Fieldy_fieldThe field in the input table that contains the y-coordinates (latitude).Fieldz_field(Optional)The field in the input table that contains the z-coordinates.Fieldcoordinate_system(Optional)The coordinate system of the x- and y-coordinates. This will be the coordinate system of the output feature class. Spatial ReferenceCode sampleXYTableToPoint example (Python window)The following Python window script demonstrates how to use the XYTableToPoint function.import arcpy arcpy.env.workspace = r"c:\output.gdb" arcpy.management.XYTableToPoint(r"c:\data\tree.csv", "tree_points", "longitude", "latitude", "elevation", arcpy.SpatialReference(4759, 115700))XYTableToPoint example 2 (stand-alone script)The following stand-alone Python script demonstrates how to use the XYTableToPoint function.# XYTableToPoint.py # Description: Creates a point feature class from input table # import system modules import arcpy # Set environment settings arcpy.env.workspace = r"c:\output.gdb" # Set the local variables in_table = r"c:\data\tree.csv" out_feature_class = "tree_points" x_coords = "longitude" y_coords = "latitude" z_coords = "elevation" # Make the XY event layer... arcpy.management.XYTableToPoint(in_table, out_feature_class, x_coords, y_coords, z_coords, arcpy.SpatialReference(4759, 115700)) # Print the total rows print(arcpy.management.GetCount(out_feature_class))

Collimating lens

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There is a fundamental limit to the collimation of a laser due to diffraction. Assuming the laser beam profile is a uniform disk it will be diffracted to an Airy disk at large distances, and the angular spread is approximately given by:

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Multi-band filters and dichroics are used when an optical system design cannot support multiple filters. These multi-band filters can be configured as bandpass ...

Collimate telescope

where $d$ is the beam diameter. Assuming a diameter of 1 mm, which seems a reasonable estimate for most lasers I've seen, you get an angular divergence of about 0.6 milliradians for 500nm light.

Collimatedvs coherent

If lasers are collimated, what causes them to decollimate? Their production system seems to suggest a completely linear, collimated light source, but they do spread out over large distances. The same holds for synchrotrons. Why does this happen?

When the Z Field parameter value is specified, the default coordinate system also includes the WGS84 vertical coordinate system. If the z-values are not in meters, modify the coordinate system to use the correct elevation unit.

The x- and y-coordinate values of 0 or Null are considered valid and will be included in the output. Coordinates of 0 will have output point features placed at that location; coordinates that are null will have an empty geometry.

In fact, according to an analogue of the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, it's fundamentally impossible to create a perfectly-collimated beam of light from a finite-sized source.

Collimatedbeam

Well, it's impossible even to put 100% of the energy into a perfect gaussian beam (once again because the laser has a finite size), but you can get close to 100%. See M2 and beam parameter product for how these things are characterized.

The collimating lens can transform the optical transmission of an optical fiber into a quasi-direct light (parallel light), or parallel (approximate parallel) ...

The E140M grating is used with the FUV-MAMA and provides echelle spectra at a resolving power of 45,800 from ~1144–1729 Å.

Collimatedmeaning in Physics

Collimation radiology

In fact, a Gaussian beam has the smallest possible (diffraction limited) BPP, which can be interpreted as the highest possible beam quality. During propagation ...

A laser beam is never very large, and certainly not infinitely large. The size of the laser beam depends on the laser active area (the area producing laser light), and also depends on the lenses you put after the laser. For example, a laser pointer might have its light in a 1mm circular spot (before it spreads out). As a rule of thumb, you can divide the wavelength of the laser light by 1mm. You get a very small number, but it's not zero. That number is more-or-less the smallest possible divergence angle (in radians) that this beam can have.

The x- and y-coordinate values in a geographic coordinate system are considered invalid if they are less than -400 or greater than 400. An output record will not be created and a warning message will be included in the tool messages to indicate the invalid input ID.

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The coordinate system specified in the Coordinate System parameter will be applied to the output. This coordinate system determines how the x-, y-, and z-coordinates in the input table are interpreted. As this tool is commonly used with tables that contain longitude and latitude values, the default coordinate system is the WGS84 geographic coordinate system. If the x- and y-coordinates in the input table contain projected coordinates, specify the appropriate projected coordinate system.

The standard delimiter for tabular text files with a .csv or .txt extension is a comma, and for files with a .tab extension, a tab. To use an input table with a nonstandard delimiter, you must first specify the correct delimiter used in the table using a schema.ini file.

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If the Output Coordinate System environment has been set, the output feature class will be reprojected to this coordinate system from the coordinate system specified in the Coordinate System parameter.

Collimating mirror

Collimatedflashlight

Although it depends on the application, people who make lasers usually try to have them output something close to a gaussian beam, which is more-or-less the most collimated possible given the finite size of the beam. If you read about gaussian beams, you'll see the tradeoff very directly between the cross-sectional area of the beam and its divergence angle.

I know next to nothing about the design of lasers, but Wikipedia reports the divergence as commonly less than 1 milliradian, which fits with the above estimate.

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Why? If the light is traveling in the z direction, and it's perfectly collimated, then the photon momentum in the x and y direction is exactly zero. Which means the photon position in the x and y direction is completely unknown. Again, only a wave with an infinitely-wide cross-section can be exactly collimated.

Following John Rennie's answer I read the 1st paragraph of Collimated light at Wikipedia . Last 3 lines stated that "Collimated light is sometimes said to be focused at infinity.Thus as the distance from a point source increases, the spherical wavefronts become flatter and closer to plane waves, which are perfectly collimated." Does it mean that for a light source with enough power we will have a perfectly collimated light after a certain distance far away from source when it has already passed its divergent phase because of spherical wavefronts ? So after a certain distance we have a perfectly parallel plane wavefronts and beam won't be divergent any more!

LabelExplanationData TypeInput Table The table containing the x- and y-coordinates that define the locations of the point features that will be created.Table ViewOutput Feature Class The feature class containing the output point features. Feature ClassX Field The field in the input table that contains the x-coordinates (longitude).FieldY Field The field in the input table that contains the y-coordinates (latitude).FieldZ Field (Optional)The field in the input table that contains the z-coordinates.FieldCoordinate System (Optional)The coordinate system of the x- and y-coordinates. This will be the coordinate system of the output feature class. Spatial Reference

The input x-, y-, and z-coordinate fields must be numeric fields. Only coordinate values in the following formats should be used as input to this tool:Decimal degrees in a geographic coordinate systemLinear measurements in a projected coordinate system that use numbers to indicate the position with an x- and y-offset from an origin location

The objective lenses of compound microscopes are parfocal. ... Place a slide on the stage, label side up, with ... Squeeze the air out of the dropper before you put ...

A radio signal path does not fall in a direct straight line, but there is an elliptical area around the beam that surrounds the free path to the tower.