1. Using the transfer pipette, transfer a drop of pond water onto a microscope slide. The best specimens usually come from the bottom and probably will contain chunks of algae or other debris that you can see with your naked eye.

Polarization: S and P PolarizationPolarization is a property of waves that can oscillate with more than one orientation. Electromagnetic waves, such as ...

It is named because it is usually the lens that is closest to the eye when someone looks through an optical device to observe an object or sample. The objective ...

Spectralonwhite paint

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3. Once you've focused using the scanning objective, switch to the low power objective (10x). Use the coarse knob to refocus and move the mechanical stage to re-center your image. Again, if you haven't focused on this level, you will not be able to move to the next level.

Every attempt should be made to keep the panel as clean as possible and it is particularly important not to allow any oily substances to contact the panel. This includes oils from fingers and hands. Contamination from oils will be difficult or impossible to remove and they can contribute their spectral signature to the panel’s reflectance signature. Significant contamination from dust or dirt will interfere with the near-perfect reflectance qualities of the panel and may contribute a false spectral signature if the contamination is extensive enough. The best practice is to keep the panel as clean as possible.

5. Gently move the white reference panel in a figure-eight motion on the sandpaper. A thin layer of the white reference will be removed and washed away as you continue the cleaning process. To avoid a potentially painful injury, be very careful that you do not allow your fingertips to contact the sandpaper.

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3. Use the SCANNING (4x) objective to focus, then move the mechanical stage around to scan the slide for live microorganisms. You are looking for tiny swimming beings- they may look green or clear and might be very small. Choose one to focus on and center it in your visual field.

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How isSpectralonmade

If your panel is heavily soiled, you can still restore your Spectralon panel to its original or near original condition by following the “Spectralon Material Care and Handling Guidelines,” provided by LabSphere online, or by using the recommendations stated below.

Calibrated panels will retain the specified reflectance properties as part of the panel’s composition, however, there is a specific surface finishing process used with calibrated panels. If you decide to clean your panel by using the procedures below, the calibration may change slightly. This is not a concern for many users but if you require absolute accuracy, you should consider having the panel cleaned and re-calibrated by LabSphere.

In this lab, parts of the microscope will be reviewed. Students will learn the proper use and care of the microscope and observe samples from pond water.

If your panel is lightly soiled, it may be airbrushed with a jet of clean dry air or nitrogen. Be sure not to use FreonTM or a Freon containing compressed air canister. Our newly designed 3.62” Spectralon round carrying case should aid in keeping the panel cleaner and minimizing contaminant when the panel is not in use.

A large part of the learning process of microscopy is getting used to the orientation of images viewed through the oculars as opposed to with the naked eye. A common mistake is moving the mechanical stage the wrong way to find the specimen. This procedure is merely practice designed to make new users more comfortable with using the microscope.

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5. Once you have centered and focused the image, switch to high power (40x) and refocus. Note movements and draw the organism as you see it.

Non Lambertian effects

2. Use the SCANNING (4x) objective and course focus adjustment to focus, then move the mechanical stage around to find the letter “e”. Note the orientation when viewed through the oculars.

6. If the water beads up on the surface of the white reference panel and no longer appears to absorb into the panel, the surface should be sufficiently clean. Examples of heavily soiled and cleaned panels appear below.

A microscope is an instrument that magnifies an object so that it may be seen by the observer. Because cells are usually too small to see with the naked eye, a microscope is an essential tool in the field of biology. In addition to magnification, microscopes also provide resolution, which is the ability to distinguish two nearby objects as separate. A combination of magnification and resolution is necessary to clearly view specimens under the microscope. The light microscope bends a beam of light at the specimen using a series of lenses to provide a clear image of the specimen to the observer.

1. Place the letter “e” slide onto the mechanical stage. Be sure to note the orientation of the letter “e” as it appears to your naked eye.

Labsphere

2. Use the SCANNING (4x) objective and course focus adjustment to focus, then move the mechanical stage around to find the threads.

Authored by Don Campbell. Don is an Applications Chemist at Malvern Panalytical, supporting the ASD brand of spectroradiometers. He is focused on pre and post-sale customer support, including feasibility studies and quantitative calibration development for new industrial opportunities, spectrometer installation, and customer training for chemometrics and remote sensing applications. Don has 13+ years of experience with ASD products and accessories and looks forward to helping you obtain the greatest value from your near-infrared (NIR) data.

As you head out into the field to pursue your remote sensing research, it is important to use a reference panel to perform real-time reflectance measurements and optimize your ASD spectroradiometer’s response. We recommend the use of Spectralon® Diffuse Reflectance Material for these tasks due to its highly diffuse reflectance properties and suitability for field use.

In addition to the objective lenses, the ocular lens (eyepiece) has a magnification. The total magnification is determined by multiplying the magnification of the ocular and objective lenses.

Your microscope has 4 objective lenses: Scanning (4x), Low (10x), High (40x), and Oil Immersion (100x). In this lab, you will not use the oil immersion lens; it is for viewing microorganisms and requires technical instructions not covered in this procedure.

Lambertian surface

4. Turn on faucet at low flow rate to provide a steady stream of clean water to the white reference and sand paper during cleaning. (Optional) Attach Tygon® Tubing to faucet head to reduce splashing and allow for better direction of water flow if necessary.

This page titled 1.4: Microscopy is shared under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Susan Burran and David DesRochers (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.

Integrated micro-nanopositioning system for use with inverted optical microscopes, combining a manual micrometer driven, two axis, linear motion stage with a ...

After initial cleaning, white reference panel remains slightly contaminated. Water still absorbs to a majority of the panel. Additional cleaning still required.

4. Switch to low power (10x). This may be sufficient to view your chosen organism. Try to note how it moves and do your best to draw it as you see it, unless you need more magnification.

A linear pair is a pair of adjacent angles formed when two lines intersect.

This portion of the procedure is another practice to demonstrate depth perception. Many new microscope users find it difficult to conceive that the specimen on the slide is in three dimensions. As the stage is moved up and down, different threads will be in focus.

2. Always start with the stage as low as possible and using scanning objective (4x). Odds are, you will be able to see something on this setting (sometimes it’s only a color). Use the coarse knob to focus: the image may be small at this magnification, but you won't be able to find it on the higher powers without this first step. Move the mechanical stage until your focused image is also centered.

2. Attach 220-240 grade wet/dry sandpaper to the cutting board, using tape or binder clips. After wetting the cutting board and sandpaper, they may adhere to each other sufficiently such that binder clips and tape are not required.

Objective Assistant. Objective Assistant. Filter. searching for objectives. Reset search + filter. Current objectives. Discontinued objectives [Archive] all ...