CCD290-66. Resolution: 6144 × 6160 Pixel size: 10 µm Back-illuminated spectral response and very low read-out noise give exceptional ...

Zeng C, King DJ, Richardson M, Shan B. Fusion of Multispectral Imagery and Spectrometer Data in UAV Remote Sensing. Remote Sensing. 2017; 9(7):696. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9070696

Earlier, NIR sensitivity was achieved using CCD sensors. However, with advancements in CMOS sensor technology, NIR cameras became more affordable while maintaining a smaller form factor.

Multispectralimage example

Editor’s Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal.

NIR cameras for agriculture could also be used to analyze defects in food produced at the time of harvesting to sort them based on quality. In such a use case, cameras are embedded into what are called harvesting robots.

Multispectralimaging satellites

The applications of NIR cameras in embedded vision are very broad. The following lists applications across the agriculture, industrial, smart city, and medical industries where NIR cameras are used:

Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive positive feedback from the reviewers.

In general, near-infrared cameras are preferred over visible cameras for detecting damages and bruises – especially in fruits, vegetables, and food items. NIR images can surface issues that the naked human eye – or ordinary cameras – cannot detect. Because formations in produced goods that indicate damage are more absorptive of light in the NIR range, wrinkles, bruises, and other deformations are often better detected by NIR cameras.

Zeng, Chuiqing, Douglas J. King, Murray Richardson, and Bo Shan. 2017. "Fusion of Multispectral Imagery and Spectrometer Data in UAV Remote Sensing" Remote Sensing 9, no. 7: 696. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9070696

A NIR camera comes with the ability to take images in the NIR spectrum. NIR cameras include a high Quantum Efficiency (QE) value in the NIR spectrum. QE is a sensor parameter and is critical in maximizing the effectiveness of image capture.

Multispectral imagerysoftware

Zeng C, King DJ, Richardson M, Shan B. Fusion of Multispectral Imagery and Spectrometer Data in UAV Remote Sensing. Remote Sensing. 2017; 9(7):696. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9070696

In the following articles, we will be sharing some great content on embedded vision and how modern cameras are changing the world for good. So, make sure you follow our content to get educated, entertained, and inspired.

20221128 — AR coating makes glass less reflective (hence the name), and this can make your glasses look nicer in photos and under bright lights.

AR0522 comes with the Near IR Enhancement functionality, which enhances its sensitivity within the near-infrared spectrum range (approximately 800 nm to 1000 nm), thus improving image quality and performance in low-light conditions. This is the main distinction between AR0522 and AR0521 when it comes to their abilities in the NIR spectrum.

Multispectralimaging in agriculture

TechNexion VCI-AR0522-CB is a camera solution that is optimized for NIR performance, particularly for outdoor applications. Our suite of products contains a wide variety of NIR cameras that can be further modified to fit the requirements of the end application.

The role of near-infrared cameras in surveillance systems is like that of traffic monitoring devices. Since many surveillance systems are deployed in areas with limited light supply such as indoor parking lots, warehouses, and mines, high-sensitivity NIR cameras are highly beneficial. Also, they have to do round-the-clock surveillance with the ability to capture theft and infiltrations during the night. Given these, NIR cameras can be a surveillance system’s best friend.

Have a look at the graphs below and compare the difference in absolute QE values between the AR0521 and AR0522 sensors from onsemi:

Multispectral imageryremote sensing

How do I know if I have it? Checking whether your glasses have an anti-reflective coating on them or not is relatively simple. When you hold your glasses, tilt ...

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The same applies to the other functions of a traffic monitoring camera, where vehicle & pedestrian counting and violation detection can be better carried out with the help of NIR imaging if the lighting is not sufficient.

Zeng, Chuiqing, Douglas J. King, Murray Richardson, and Bo Shan. 2017. "Fusion of Multispectral Imagery and Spectrometer Data in UAV Remote Sensing" Remote Sensing 9, no. 7: 696. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9070696

Abstract: High spatial resolution hyperspectral data often used in precision farming applications are not available from current satellite sensors, and difficult or expensive to acquire from standard aircraft. Alternatively, in precision farming, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are emerging as lower cost and more flexible means to acquire very high resolution imagery. Miniaturized hyperspectral sensors have been developed for UAVs, but the sensors, associated hardware, and data processing software are still cost prohibitive for use by individual farmers or small remote sensing firms. This study simulated hyperspectral image data by fusing multispectral camera imagery and spectrometer data. We mounted a multispectral camera and spectrometer, both being low cost and low weight, on a standard UAV and developed procedures for their precise data alignment, followed by fusion of the spectrometer data with the image data to produce estimated spectra for all the multispectral camera image pixels. To align the data collected from the two sensors in both the time and space domains, a post-acquisition correlation-based global optimization method was used. Data fusion, to estimate hyperspectral reflectance, was implemented using several methods for comparison. Flight data from two crop sites, one being tomatoes, and the other corn and soybeans, were used to evaluate the alignment procedure and the data fusion results. The data alignment procedure resulted in a peak R2 between the spectrometer and camera data of 0.95 and 0.72, respectively, for the two test sites. The corresponding multispectral camera data for these space and time offsets were taken as the best match to a given spectrometer reading, and used in modelling to estimate hyperspectral imagery from the multispectral camera pixel data. Of the fusion approaches evaluated, principal component analysis (PCA) based models and Bayesian imputation reached a similar accuracy, and outperformed simple spline interpolation. Mean absolute error (MAE) between predicted and observed spectra was 17% relative to the mean of the observed spectra, and root mean squared error (RMSE) was 0.028. This approach to deriving estimated hyperspectral image data can be applied in a simple fashion at very low cost for crop assessment and monitoring within individual fields. Keywords: UAV; data alignment; data fusion; precision farming; spectrometer; multispectral image

Dec 25, 2023 — The f-number, or f-stop, is a measure used to describe the aperture size in a camera lens. A lower f-number indicates a larger aperture, ...

Multispectralimaging archaeology

Not all traffic monitoring systems will need a NIR camera. If the device is installed in a location with adequate lighting (even during the night), a camera that operates in the visible spectrum alone will do the job. In the other case where lighting is limited, an NIR camera can offer better visibility and help capture license plates. A technique called OCR (Optical Character Recognition) is then applied to identify the vehicle by reading the characters on the plate.

Just like fingerprints, the iris of every human is unique and remains unchanged throughout the individual’s life. Iris recognition is commonly used as a biometric identification tool in law enforcement, border control, and security systems.

Zeng, C., King, D. J., Richardson, M., & Shan, B. (2017). Fusion of Multispectral Imagery and Spectrometer Data in UAV Remote Sensing. Remote Sensing, 9(7), 696. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9070696

Jan 16, 2024 — Reduce vibrations in and around your components by using Audio Additives Sorbothane damping sheets, which work with almost any gear or ...

NIR refers to the spectrum of light that lies in the wavelength range of 800 to 2500 nm. Depending on the end application requirements, the exact wavelength of the NIR light source might vary. At the same time, high-sensitivity NIR cameras are also capable of taking images without an external light source.

In both cases, they enhance the ability of the vision system to deliver the necessary details which is otherwise not possible using the visible spectrum. This is a lifesaver in applications like iris recognition (commonly used in identity verification systems) where the system must capture unique patterns of the eye under an infrared light source.

Now, if we are to compare the way NIR sensing works in CMOS and CCD sensors, there is a distinction between the two. CMOS sensors facilitate enhanced NIR imaging by increasing the thickness of the epitaxial layer. This means that the same camera system can be used for visible and NIR imaging, though there are a few limitations. However, in the case of CCD sensors, dedicated cameras must be used for RGB and IR/NIR imaging.

Every application in embedded vision is different. A ‘one size fits all’ approach doesn’t work when it comes to selecting a camera for your vision-guided system. One such unique requirement is NIR imaging or Near Infrared imaging.

With the world becoming smarter, more countries around the world are building smart cities that automate different activities to improve public safety and convenience. Traffic monitoring is part of this smart city revolution where embedded vision systems are used for activities such as:

Iris recognition involves capturing the images of the iris under visible light and infrared light. NIR cameras in iris scanners serve two purposes:

One of the most compelling applications of NIR cameras in agriculture is calculating NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). NDVI is a metric that is used to determine the density and spread of green cover in agricultural land. This is calculated by taking the difference between visible and NIR reflectance of the vegetation cover. So, why are NIR cameras required for this?

Further, in some cases, additional lighting may not be desired since it is distracting or disruptive to human vision at night. Moreover, in speed-tracking applications, having an external light source would warn drivers to “slow down” before the speed camera does. As NIR light sources are not visible to the naked eye, it is ideal for use in these applications.

Mar 24, 2022 — The function of objective lenses is to magnify objects enough for you to see them in great detail. Parts of a Microscope. Every microscope has ...

Multispectralcamera

These cameras are also used for checking surface irregularities, NDT (Non-Destructive Testing), and other industrial quality inspection processes to reduce wastage and improve output.

Multispectralimage classification

One of the NIR fluorescence imaging techniques in medical diagnosis and treatment involves using a substance called ICG (Indocyanine Green). It can be used in processes like angiography, intraoperative assessment of vessel patency (the degree to which vessels are blocked or not blocked), tumor delineation, lymphatic architecture imaging, as well as other applications.

How different are NIR cameras from ordinary camera modules? Why is NIR imaging required and how do they benefit modern-day camera applications? What are the vision systems that use NIR cameras? Let’s learn all these in this article.

NIR cameras are used in vision systems that cannot capture the necessary image data under visible light. Applications such as surveillance systems that operate in scarce lighting environments are a great example of this. Examples of other devices powered by NIR cameras include traffic monitoring systems, agricultural drones, and access control systems (we will be covering the applications of NIR cameras in detail in an upcoming section).

NIR cameras house the same set of components as a visible light camera module. They come with a lens, a sensor array, a baseboard, and an interface to connect with the host system. The key difference lies in the ability of the sensor pixels to detect light in the NIR spectrum.

In outdoor conditions, the wavelength of the IR light under which you are capturing images also needs to be high. This is because the output might get tampered with due to interference from sunlight. For this reason, indoor NIR cameras mostly operate around a wavelength of 850nm while outdoor NIR cameras use 940nm (these are the two most used wavelengths in camera applications).

Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications.

Zeng, C.; King, D.J.; Richardson, M.; Shan, B. Fusion of Multispectral Imagery and Spectrometer Data in UAV Remote Sensing. Remote Sens. 2017, 9, 696. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9070696

"Paraxial approximation" is an approximation used in ray tracing of an electron beam where the angle between the electron beam and the optical axis is small ...

Zeng, C., King, D. J., Richardson, M., & Shan, B. (2017). Fusion of Multispectral Imagery and Spectrometer Data in UAV Remote Sensing. Remote Sensing, 9(7), 696. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9070696

The comparison of cameras that work in the visible and NIR ranges is analogous to the difference between what humans and vampire bats can see with their eyes. While humans have sight only in the visible spectrum (which is where visible light gets its name from), bats and some species of snakes and beetles can sense IR light.

Zeng, C.; King, D.J.; Richardson, M.; Shan, B. Fusion of Multispectral Imagery and Spectrometer Data in UAV Remote Sensing. Remote Sens. 2017, 9, 696. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9070696

Since calculating NDVI requires reflection data of both the visible and NIR bands, NIR cameras are a must-have. To measure NDVI across large areas, drones fitted with camera modules are used. These are high-resolution cameras that can capture images free of artifacts as the drones move. Depending on the complexity of the use case, a dedicated NIR camera sensitive only to near-infrared wavelength might be used while another camera captures image data in the visible spectrum. This image and video data are then fed into a software or algorithm that derives valuable insights about the health of the crops and the vegetation. Because this measurement is composed of comparing images of different spectra (NIR and visible wavelengths), this is a type of multispectral imaging.

The formula that it implements is FOV = 2 arctan (x / (2 f)), where x is the diagonal of the film. The FOV is measured across the frame's diagonal, and is ...

List of kinematics equations for calculations are given in the following table. Here, v0 is initial velocity, a is acceleration and t is time. Displacement, ∆x ...

Fluorescence imaging is a widely used technique in medical and life science applications. NIR fluorescence imaging is a subset of this technique that relies on the light in the NIR spectrum to capture reflections from the object.

The bandpass function in Signal Processing Toolbox™ enables you to quickly filter signals. You can use designfilt and other algorithm-specific ( butter , fir1 ) ...