Learn AFM from our library of recorded webinars, covering different measurement techniques, modes, and areas of application.

Nonlinear optical crystalswikipedia

Nonlinear photonic crystals are usually used as quasi-phase-matching materials. They can be one-dimensional,[1] two-dimensional[2] or three-dimensional.[3]

Browse Héctor Corte-Léon's weekly experiments, for inspiration, entertainment, and to discover everyday applications of AFM.

Nonlinear optical crystalslist

An all-in-one AFM system with solid performance and easy handling, with a price tag and footprint that fit anyone and any place.

Nonlinear optical crystalsexamples

What is atomic force microscopy (AFM)? How does AFM work? What AFM modes do I really need? How do I get started with AFM?

Read detailed technical descriptions about selected AFM techniques and learn how to perform specific measurements on Nanosurf instruments.

Learn how AFM works with cantilever/tip assembly interacting with the sample. Explore CleanDrive technology, calibration methods, and feedback principles for precise nanoscale imaging.

Broadly speaking, nonlinear photonic crystals (PC) are periodic structures whose optical response depends on the intensity of the optical field that propagates into the crystal. An immediate consequence is that such structures have new optical properties with improved or new functionalities that cannot be obtained by using their linear counterpart, namely linear pPCs. One such example is optical tunability, that is, optical control of the response of devices based on PC. Although tunability of optical properties of photonic crystals can be achieved, for instance, by applying an electric field to an inverse opal PC infiltrated with nematic liquid crystal, by modulating the PC's index of refraction through the electro-optic effect induced by an external electric field, or through temperature-induced changes in the PC's index of refraction, high-speed operability desired for certain advanced optical communication systems can be obtained only if intrinsic optical nonlinearities in the PC material are employed. The reason for this is the ultra-fast response of certain nonlinear dielelectric materials to optical fields. In contrast to the now very extensive body of research in the properties and devices in linear photonic crystals, research into the theoretical and experimental behavior of these structures under conditions of intense optical fields, e.g. in the nonlinear regime, is still in its formative stages.

Nonlinear optical crystalsmeaning

Bringing the power of DriveAFM to a wafer metrology system purpose-built for the requirements of the semiconductor industry.

The index of refraction of a nonlinear crystal changes in response to an applied electromagnetic field. Some of the characteristics of nonlinear crystals used to generate entangled photons include:

We regularly publish detailed reviews providing practical guidance and theoretical background on various AFM applications.