Resolving power is calculated as object space resolution. And object space resolution is derived from what is called the image space resolution. We will now look at both the terms and learn now they are calculated.

The design incorporates 6 or 7 elements, all coated with special chemicals to increase the amount of light that travels through the eyepiece.

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The Nagler’s most impressive attribute is its huge field of view. While other manufacturers keep their eyepieces within the human eye’s 50° field of view, Naglers go the extra mile to develop an ultra-wide 82° field.

It helps to start with a longer focal length eyepiece to locate your object and then use shorter focal lengths until you reach the optimum magnification for each object.

Values range from 45˚ to over 100˚, but the eyepiece’s true field of view with a given telescope can be worked out with another simple calculation: apparent field of view divided by the magnification.

The mount often comes with an eyepiece tray that sits between the tripod legs and holds the Barlow lens – always a useful feature when observing.

Line pairs per mmconverter

However, as telescope eyepieces commonly have 4 or more individual lens elements within them, non-reflective coatings are also vital, to cut down reflections between the lens surfaces that would otherwise reduce the contrast and spoil the view.

lp/mm calculator

Most decent telescopes for beginners have a 1.25-inch eyepiece barrel. When you get up to the really good, and expensive, stuff, though, it’s two-inch barrels all the way.

The resolving power of a lens can be calculated manually as well as in automated manner. The manual method is called the human eye perception method, and the automated technique is called the IMA Test method. We will look at both these in detail in this section.

Orthoscopics are made with a four-element optical system that provides very good eye relief. The design also keeps down the amount of light that is refracted within the system very effectively.

To calculate the resolving power or object space resolution value using the human eye perception method, you need to first find the LW/PH (line width per picture height) value. To do this, you must observe the line pair highlighted in red (horizontal or vertical) in the resolution chart given in the previous section (Figure 1).

An eyepiece works by taking the light that’s captured and focussed by your telescope and magnifying the image that is seen by your eye.

The view through the DeLite eyepiece series is excellent. The range includes eyepieces with focal lengths of 7mm, 11mm and 18.2mm.

Plössls have a wide field of view (around 52°), so they can be used successfully for planetary as well as deep-sky viewing.

To say an eyepiece can make or break an astronomer is going too far, but when you look through a good eyepiece for the first time you realise that what you’ve been observing for all those years could have looked much clearer.

Altair’s Ultraflat collection is designed to help correct field curvature, which causes stars to elongate towards the edge of the field of view. These eyepieces are presented in a satin green anodised finish with a bright stainless steel barrel and black rubber grip and eyecup.

Get your eye in the optimal position, 12.5mm from the lens surface, and you can gaze in all directions around the view. You can even look sideways into the eyepiece to take in the extreme edge of the field.

For instance, if you are using See3CAM_CU135 – a 13 MP high-resolution USB camera from e-con Systems™ – to read barcodes, you need to make sure that the lens you pick can meet the maximum desired resolution.

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The high contrast delivered by the 18.2mm eyepiece was superb, but our favourite view was through the 7mm. These are fantastic eyepieces.

Small refracting telescopes sold at a reasonable price are frequently packaged with a metal tripod, a basic altazimuth mount, a finderscope, a couple of eyepieces and a Barlow lens that will double their magnification.

As shown in the chart, you can count the number until the line pair degrades. It is where you can’t distinguish the black and white lines (due to merge, grey colors will appear). Typically, the values of this line will be mentioned in the resolution chart (100 x per picture height).

The design suits medium and higher magnifications in order to get plenty of detail when looking at the planets. Internally, there are 6 or 7 lens elements that have very short focal lengths.

A Barlow lens is a marvellous bit of kit. It isn’t actually an eyepiece, but has optical elements that work with an eyepiece to increase the magnification.

lp/mm to pixel size

We got beautiful views of the Pleiades using the 24mm, while the 10mm and 15mm eyepiece provided tantalising glimpses of Mare Humboldtianum on the northeastern limb.

A nice touch also is that you can start on the lowest - 24mm - to centre your target, then rotate to achieve the desired view.

A folding eyecup means the eyepiece can be used with or without spectacles, rounding this off as a nice eyepiece package suitable for lunar and planetary observing, as well as for deep-sky targets.

As mentioned above, Object Space Resolution denotes the resolving power of a lens. It defines the size elements of the object that can be resolved. It is calculated as:

This means that with one Barlow lens you have effectively doubled the number of eyepieces – and therefore magnifications – that you have at your disposal.

Omegon’s eyepiece collection consists of oculars with focal lengths of 5mm, 10mm, 15mm and 21mm, supplied in a box and finished in gloss black with two red stripes.

It's a great option for practical astronomers who hate having to fumble in the dark for different eyepieces in order to swap magnifications.

This is just another name for magnification. A telescope just captures the light – it is the eyepiece that magnifies the image.

Eyepieces and telescopes are denoted by their focal lengths. Together, the two focal lengths produce a magnification, calculated as the telescope’s focal length divided by the eyepiece’s focal length (for more on this, read our guide to telescope stats).

Line pairs per mmradiology

However, a simple eyepiece sorter can be made using a plastic food container filled with ‘pick and pluck’ foam suitably crafted to house your eyepiece collection.

Celestron are a renowned company when it comes to the manufacture of telescopes and astronomy accessories. This 8-24mm eyepiece enables you to select from a range of different magnifications by rotating the barrel while observing. This enables you to choose which is best suited for the celestial object in your field of view.

In the IMA test method – which is the automated method – the LW/PH value is calculated by considering the MTF30 value. This is an objective measurement of sharpness, which is better than the subjective analysis. The data in the IMA chart is in the units LW/PH, and it can be converted to lp/mm as shown in the above calculation.

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Two rubber grips help with handling, even when wearing gloves.Dust covers are included for both ends, as well as a microfibre cloth for cleaning.

For instance, if you want to calculate the resolving power of See3CAM_CU135 – 4K USB camera – with the default product lens, you should capture the image of the resolution chart with the desired aspect ratio at the prescribed working distance.

This is the size of the image that comes out of the eyepiece. Ideally it should be close to the size of your dark-adapted pupil – around 5mm to 7mm.

For those used to using a Plössl eyepiece, the ultra-wide field of view offered by the Omegon Panorama II eyepieces will provide a whole new observing experience. You’ll be able to see detail across a much wider expanse of sky.

In a camera system, the image sensor receives incident light (photons) – either focused through a lens or any other optics. Hence, lens selection plays a major role in determining image quality, FoV (Field of View), DoF (Depth of Field), etc.

Many eyepieces that come with a small telescope like a refractor, or indeed reflector, are not best quality, but get the job done.

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If the barrel measures just under an inch in diameter (and most eyepieces are described in imperial units) then it’s most likely been given away with one of the cheaper telescopes.

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Also important is the build quality of your eyepiece and particularly its lens elements. Quite exotic glass is a prerequisite.

lp/mm to resolution

'Eye relief' refers to how far your eye must be from the eyepiece in order for you to see the entire field of view of an eyepiece.

This 9mm eyepiece is medium-power but it offers an immense 120° apparent field of view. You might say this is an instrument that delivers an observing 'experience' than a simple view.

You can pay anything from around £30 up to £400 for a good eyepiece, and an item with the latter sort of price tag is something you’ll definitely want to look after.

But it’s important to realise that good observing is not all about magnification. In fact, too high a magnification can spoil the view.

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Your choice of eyepiece will determine the magnification and the size of the field of view that your telescope will deliver.

Line pairs per mmand pixel size

Many telescope mounts have eyepiece receptacles built into them, but there are rarely enough holes for most observers’ collections.

The reason why this is called the human eye perception method is that the number of lines counted may differ depending on the ability of the observer to distinguish between two consecutive lines.

A line pair is a pair of black and white lines next to each other with the same width and orientation. The ability to differentiate two bars as separate entities in a specific resolution would be based on the contrast level. It means that calculating resolution in terms of lp/mm is extremely useful when comparing lenses. This can act as one of the criteria while choosing the best-fit lens for a given sensor and application.

To give you an example, if the aspect ratio considered for See3CAM_CU135 – 13MP USB camera – is 4:3, the image of the resolution chart has to be captured at that aspect ratio to finally arrive at the resolving power. Below is a sample image of the resolution chart taken at an aspect ratio of 4:3.

The take-home message from this is that the shorter the focal length of the eyepiece, the higher the magnification you will have.

Sometimes, additional steps are also taken to increase contrast – such as ensuring that the inside of the eyepiece body is a very matt black.

Vinoth Rajagopalan is an embedded vision expert with 15+ years of experience in product engineering management, R&D, and technical consultations. He has been responsible for many success stories in e-con Systems – from pre-sales and product conceptualization to launch and support. Having started his career as a software engineer, he currently leads a world-class team to handle major product development initiatives

Likewise, we achieved beautiful views of the Moon, including intricate detail on the terminator. Crater Hevelius and crater Grimaldi were quite amazing.

In today’s blog, let’s look at how to determine the resolving power of a lens, which is one of the most critical parameters to consider while choosing a lens for your application.

This is sometimes abbreviated to FOV, and is the figure that lets you know how much of the sky you can see through your eyepiece. This measurement is given in degrees. Calculate an FOV before you buy with our field of view calculator.

Having a range of eyepieces outside with you allows you to observe a greater number of different objects during an observing session.

We trained the 21mm and 15mm eyepieces on the Pleiades star cluster and were rewarded with a sparkling, sharp view through both.

The field of view, at only 40° to 45°, may not be as great as a Plössl, but they are still good all-rounders. They come in particularly useful for making observations of the Moon and planets.

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Some have multiple glass lenses inside that fit together to give you a beautifully crafted accessory that will last and last.

Each eyepiece in the range has the same 62° field of view. Stars looked sharp through the DeLites and showed little or no false colour.

There's the option to physically adjust the distance of your eye from the eye lens, whether you're a spectacle-wearer or not. This means you can easily place your eye at the correct eye relief.

The Celestron Luminos is prized by Celestron as one of their latest releases: a new range of wide-angled eyepieces offering an 82 degree field of view. Each eyepiece in the Luminos range is multi-coated and designed to correct those chromatic aberrations that can often spoil our views of the night sky.

Image Space Resolution is the resolution in the image plane in consideration of the sensor pixel size. Generally, two pixels or one line pair is the highest frequency which can be resolved by a sensor – using the Nyquist frequency. Therefore, image space resolution is theoretically calculated as:

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The resolving power of a lens is measured in line pair per millimeter or lp/mm. It is a measurement of spatial resolution used to calculate how small a detail in an image can be resolved by a lens. The unit expresses the number of line pairs you can fit within one millimeter.

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Using the above data, you can validate how much lp/mm a particular lens would resolve at a specific working distance. Based on this, you can select the right lens for your application. It is pertinent to note that a change in FoV will affect the magnification factor, which will end up affecting the practical image space resolution.

Observing the Andromeda Galaxy through a 4-inch refractor felt like observing through a low-power eyepiece on a much larger scope. Using this eyepiece is an amazing experience. Highly recommended.

Line pairs per mmcalculator

Different celestial objects are best seen at different magnifications, which is why most observers have a range of different eyepieces.

As all eyepieces are a slightly different length depending on their power, it becomes quite easy to feel which is which in the dark when you want to change which one you're using.

The Radian is one of the newer types of eyepiece on the market. With a field of view comparable to a Plössl, you may wonder what the difference is. Well, one is the big eye relief, even with focal lengths down to 3mm.

Calculating the resolving power value of a camera lens practically involves taking into consideration the real aspect ratio of the camera.

Given below is the comparison of image space resolution and object space resolution values obtained using the theoretical and practical methods.

To understand how the theoretical and practical methods of calculating resolving power differ, we will look at how these are done for e-con Systems’ See3CAM_CU135 in the next section.

Linepair resolution

They also come with retractable eyecups - something of a must for telescope eyepieces these days - making them usable with or without spectacles.

This is achieved by a very simple process: you slot the eyepiece into the Barlow lens and the whole contraption gets popped into where the eyepiece would normally go.

Let’s say you have to decode an object like a small barcode and that too at a longer distance. You would have to differentiate the bars by allowing a certain amount of space between them. This minimum distance depends on the resolution of the camera. However, when you use a sensor with the desired resolution, it is also important to choose a lens that can help capture the level of detail expected from that resolution. This is where knowing the resolving capacity of the lens becomes important.

If you are looking for help in selecting a camera solution with the best-fit lens for your application – no matter the industry, please write to us at camerasolutions@e-consystems.com. You can also visit our Camera Selector to get a full view of e-con Systems’ camera portfolio.

Image space resolution is inversely proportional to the sensor’s pixel size. This means the smaller the pixel size, higher will be the image space resolution value.

Another important attribute is the eyepiece’s apparent field of view (AFOV), which will normally be marked on the body along with its focal length.

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This tells you how far your eye must be from the eyepiece in order to see the entire field of view. A bigger distance (called longer eye relief) is useful if you wear glasses.

We enjoyed some wonderful views of the Moon, including the Lunar X and Lunar V. We used the 5mm eyepiece to observe Montes Apenninus followed by Rupes Recta.

How do eyepieces work, what are the different types and which are the best eyepieces for your telescope? Find out in our beginners' guide.

Some astronomers are glad they went through the years of wrestling with low-quality telescope eyepieces, as it gives them an appreciation of what it takes to see the night sky properly.