The most common and inexpensive gas laser, the helium-neon laser is usually constructed to operate in the red at 632.8 nm. It can also be constructed to produce laser action in the green at 543.5 nm and in the infrared at 1523 nm.

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May 6, 2021 — Deep focus is a cinematography technique that is achieved by using a large depth of field. Recall that depth of field was represented by the ...

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Reticle illumination is getting more common in modern rifle scopes. There are, however, two groups of illuminated reticles, meant for two different uses.

The argon ion laser can be operated as a continuous gas laser at about 25 different wavelengths in the visible between 408.9 and 686.1nm, but is best known for its most efficient transitions in the green at 488 nm and 514.5 nm. Operating at much higher powers than the helium-neon gas laser, it is not uncommon to achieve 30 to 100 watts of continuous power using several transitions. This output is produced in a hot plasma and takes extremely high power, typically 9 to 12 kW, so these are large and expensive devices.

In terms of geometrical optics, the goal of imaging can be stated very simply: light emanating in all directions from some point on the object should be collected by the lens and focused to its ideal image point. Thus, a ray of light coming from the object point should pass through the lens and arrive at the image point, regardless of its angle.

The helium gas in the laser tube provides the pumping medium to attain the necessary population inversion for laser action.

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A UV LED curing oven is a device that uses ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) range from 254nm-1000nm to cure or harden materials such as adhesives, ...

Spectrophotometers measure light intensity as a function of wavelength and are commonly used to measure the concentration of a compound in an aqueous ...

Feb 17, 2024 — Its role is to focus the light into an even illumination to give a clear and undistorted view of your samples. The amount of light that passes ...

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Feb 1, 2023 — CdTe photovoltaics, a type of thin-film solar cell made from a combination of cadmium, tellurium and other materials, offers distinct advantages ...

Optical fibers are as thin as a human hair. They are usually bundled together. Fiber optics is a way of sending information through thin fibers, or threads. The ...

The CO2 laser is the most efficient laser, capable of operating at more than 30% efficiency. That's a lot more efficient than an ordinary incandescent light bulb at producing visible light (about 90% of the output of a lightbulb filament is invisible).

Prism (optics), a transparent optical component with flat surfaces that refract light; Prism (geometry), a kind of polyhedron. Prism may also refer to: ...

One of the excited levels of helium at 20.61 eV is very close to a level in neon at 20.66 eV, so close in fact that upon collision of a helium and a neon atom, the energy can be transferred from the helium to the neon atom.

Spherical aberration

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Some typical examples of aberrations are tilt, defocus, coma, astigmatism, spherical aberration, and chromatic aberration.

Helium-neon lasers are common in the introductory physics laboratories, but they can still be dangerous! According to Garmire, an unfocused 1-mW HeNe laser has a brightness equal to sunshine on a clear day (0.1 watt/cm2) and is just as dangerous to stare at directly.

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The carbon dioxide gas laser is capable of continuous output powers above 10 kilowatts. It is also capable of extremely high power pulse operation. It exhibits laser action at several infrared frequencies but none in the visible. Operating in a manner similar to the helium-neon laser, it employs an electric discharge for pumping, using a percentage of nitrogen gas as a pumping gas.

This shows the beams from two helium-neon lasers passing through two lenses arranged in the Galilean telescope geometry. The beams were made visible with a spray can of artificial smoke.

An “aberration of design” does not mean mistakes or problems caused by the designer of the lens. Aberrations are fundamental to the nature of imaging and it is the goal of the lens designer to “design out” as many of these aberrations as possible. The aberrations of design are those aberrations, inserted into the imaging system by the nature of light, that the designer was not able to extract through clever design.

An aberration is any deviation from the ideal, “diffraction-limited” imaging performance of a lens. In practice, aberrations come from three sources—aberrations of design, aberrations of construction, and aberrations of use.

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