using the same parameters previously defined. For radial distortion, this division model is often preferred over the Brown–Conrady model, as it requires fewer terms to more accurately describe severe distortion.[8] Using this model, a single term is usually sufficient to model most cameras.[9]

Radial distortion is a failure of a lens to be rectilinear: a failure to image lines into lines. If a photograph is not taken straight-on then, even with a perfect rectilinear lens, rectangles will appear as trapezoids: lines are imaged as lines, but the angles between them are not preserved (tilt is not a conformal map). This effect can be controlled by using a perspective control lens, or corrected in post-processing.

Flange Focal Distance – also known as Flange Distance or Flange Depth – is the distance from the camera's mounting flange to the film or sensor plane. Another ...

Action cameras are the filming device you should use when it comes to recording fast paced and action-packed events. Since action cameras are usually small and designed to withstand extreme conditions and heaps of punishments, they are perfect for sport enthusiasts and athletes who want to capture their sporting moments or highlights. However, taking stable and clear footage while avoiding injuries during the sport can extremely challenging to do. This is when an action camera head mount comes into the rescue. As many would there are numerous of different kinds of body mounts on the market, so what are the pros and cons of a head mount? We will be exploring in this as well as numerous other questions throughout this article.

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Software can correct those distortions by warping the image with a reverse distortion. This involves determining which distorted pixel corresponds to each undistorted pixel, which is non-trivial due to the non-linearity of the distortion equation.[3] Lateral chromatic aberration (purple/green fringing) can be significantly reduced by applying such warping for red, green and blue separately.

In geometric optics, distortion is a deviation from rectilinear projection; a projection in which straight lines in a scene remain straight in an image. It is a form of optical aberration that may be distinguished from other aberrations such as spherical aberration, coma, chromatic aberration, field curvature, and astigmatism in a sense that these impact the image sharpness without changing an object shape or structure in the image (e.g., a straight line in an object is still a straight line in the image although the image sharpness may be degraded by the mentioned aberrations) while distortion can change the object structure in the image (so named as distortion).

In addition to usually being sufficient to model most cameras, as mentioned, the single-term division model has an analytical solution to the reverse-distortion problem.[8] In this case, the distorted pixels are given by

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An action camera head mount is a mount or a strap that allows you to attach an action camera onto the top of your head so that you don’t need to hold it while carrying out your sporting activities. A head mount is one of the most common and best ways to attach an action camera to yourself and it is suitable for multiple different scenarios. During this article we will be looking at some of the best things about an action camera head mount, but also some of its drawbacks.

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Radial distortion that depends on wavelength is called "lateral chromatic aberration" – "lateral" because radial, "chromatic" because dependent on color (wavelength). This can cause colored fringes in high-contrast areas in the outer parts of the image. This should not be confused with axial (longitudinal) chromatic aberration, which causes aberrations throughout the field, particularly purple fringing.

Mathematically, barrel and pincushion distortion are quadratic, meaning they increase as the square of distance from the center. In mustache distortion the quartic (degree 4) term is significant: in the center, the degree 2 barrel distortion is dominant, while at the edge the degree 4 distortion in the pincushion direction dominates. Other distortions are in principle possible – pincushion in center and barrel at the edge, or higher order distortions (degree 6, degree 8) – but do not generally occur in practical lenses, and higher order distortions are small relative to the main barrel and pincushion effects.

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Safety: Having the action camera mounted to your head is by far one of the safer options as it is close to your body and not dangling around as one would with a shoulder mount or a bite mount. With the action camera on your head, you free up your hands and you can focus on your sport without needing to worry about the camera getting in your way as it is closely mounted on your head. This will largely increase the safety of yourself while wanting to record your sports, as you will essentially be able to do two things at once.

Only good for POV Footage: If you are looking to specifically film something or work film someone else, an action camera head mount may not be the best choice. This is because since it is mounted onto your head, it records whatever you look at or see, and you are restricted to capturing things by the movement of your head. If you are looking to film things not in a POV perspective, then a head mount is probably not the choice for you.

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x u = x d + ( x d − x c ) ( K 1 r 2 + K 2 r 4 + ⋯ ) + ( P 1 ( r 2 + 2 ( x d − x c ) 2 ) + 2 P 2 ( x d − x c ) ( y d − y c ) ) ( 1 + P 3 r 2 + P 4 r 4 ⋯ ) y u = y d + ( y d − y c ) ( K 1 r 2 + K 2 r 4 + ⋯ ) + ( 2 P 1 ( x d − x c ) ( y d − y c ) + P 2 ( r 2 + 2 ( y d − y c ) 2 ) ) ( 1 + P 3 r 2 + P 4 r 4 ⋯ ) , {\displaystyle {\begin{alignedat}{3}x_{\mathrm {u} }=x_{\mathrm {d} }&+(x_{\mathrm {d} }-x_{\mathrm {c} })(K_{1}r^{2}+K_{2}r^{4}+\cdots )+(P_{1}(r^{2}+2(x_{\mathrm {d} }-x_{\mathrm {c} })^{2})\\&+2P_{2}(x_{\mathrm {d} }-x_{\mathrm {c} })(y_{\mathrm {d} }-y_{\mathrm {c} }))(1+P_{3}r^{2}+P_{4}r^{4}\cdots )\\y_{\mathrm {u} }=y_{\mathrm {d} }&+(y_{\mathrm {d} }-y_{\mathrm {c} })(K_{1}r^{2}+K_{2}r^{4}+\cdots )+(2P_{1}(x_{\mathrm {d} }-x_{\mathrm {c} })(y_{\mathrm {d} }-y_{\mathrm {c} })\\&+P_{2}(r^{2}+2(y_{\mathrm {d} }-y_{\mathrm {c} })^{2}))(1+P_{3}r^{2}+P_{4}r^{4}\cdots ),\end{alignedat}}}

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Due to perspective, cameras image a cube as a square frustum (a truncated pyramid, with trapezoidal sides) – the far end is smaller than the near end. This creates perspective, and the rate at which this scaling happens (how quickly more distant objects shrink) creates a sense of a scene being deep or shallow. This cannot be changed or corrected by a simple transform of the resulting image, because it requires 3D information, namely the depth of objects in the scene. This effect is known as perspective distortion; the image itself is not distorted but is perceived as distorted when viewed from a normal viewing distance.

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Now that we have discussed and looked over the pros and cons of an action camera head mount. Some may ask what is a good action camera to go with a head mount? With multiple different choices and brands out there, it can be a hard choice to make. Today we will be introducing one of the best action cameras out there, the AKASO Brave 7.

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Distorting or undistorting requires either both sets of coefficients or inverting the non-linear problem which, in general, lacks an analytical solution. Standard approaches such as approximating, locally linearizing and iterative solvers all apply. Which solver is preferable depends on the accuracy required and the computational resources available.

Can be Extra Weight: For individuals that are not accustomed to head mounts, having an extra piece of weight (no matter how light) attached to your head, can be uncomfortable. You may need to constantly move or look around during your sports which having a head mount can slightly have an effect on your performance.

Although distortion can be irregular or follow many patterns, the most commonly encountered distortions are radially symmetric, or approximately so, arising from the symmetry of a photographic lens. These radial distortions can usually be classified as either barrel distortions or pincushion distortions.[1]

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In order to understand these distortions, it should be remembered that these are radial defects; the optical systems in question have rotational symmetry (omitting non-radial defects), so the didactically correct test image would be a set of concentric circles having even separation – like a shooter's target. It will then be observed that these common distortions actually imply a nonlinear radius mapping from the object to the image: What is seemingly pincushion distortion, is actually simply an exaggerated radius mapping for large radii in comparison with small radii. A graph showing radius transformations (from object to image) will be steeper in the upper (rightmost) end. Conversely, barrel distortion is actually a diminished radius mapping for large radii in comparison with small radii. A graph showing radius transformations (from object to image) will be less steep in the upper (rightmost) end.

Barrel distortion typically will have a negative term for K 1 {\displaystyle K_{1}} whereas pincushion distortion will have a positive value. Moustache distortion will have a non-monotonic radial geometric series where for some r {\displaystyle r} the sequence will change sign.

Radial distortion, whilst primarily dominated by low-order radial components,[3] can be corrected using Brown's distortion model,[4] also known as the Brown–Conrady model based on earlier work by Conrady.[5] The Brown–Conrady model corrects both for radial distortion and for tangential distortion caused by physical elements in a lens not being perfectly aligned. The latter is also known as decentering distortion. See Zhang[6] for additional discussion of radial distortion. The Brown-Conrady distortion model is

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Compatible with Most Sports: Something like a chest mount or a shoulder mount may not be suitable for most sports. First, for something like biking, your hands may get in the way and block the footage. In other instances, a chest or shoulder mount can feel constricting, which will affect your movement in some sports. An action camera head mount fixes this issue as having it mounted onto your head will most likely never get into the way with any of your sports, not to mention that they are compatible with almost any sport that needs a helmet, as all you need to do is instead of using a head strap mount, you mount the action camera to your helmet.

x u = x c + x d − x c 1 + K 1 r 2 + K 2 r 4 + ⋯ y u = y c + y d − y c 1 + K 1 r 2 + K 2 r 4 + ⋯ , {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}x_{\mathrm {u} }&=x_{\mathrm {c} }+{\frac {x_{\mathrm {d} }-x_{\mathrm {c} }}{1+K_{1}r^{2}+K_{2}r^{4}+\cdots }}\\y_{\mathrm {u} }&=y_{\mathrm {c} }+{\frac {y_{\mathrm {d} }-y_{\mathrm {c} }}{1+K_{1}r^{2}+K_{2}r^{4}+\cdots }},\end{aligned}}}

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The AKASO Brave 7 is a dual color screen, IPX8 waterproof, 4K 30 FPS action camera. With its innovative dual-color screens, bid farewell to the traditional single-screen, blind-shooting of regular action cameras. Easily tell your story and show off your exciting moments. Since its IPX8 waterproof to 5M/16FT with no external case, making riding in the rain, playing in the water, swimming, surfing, snorkeling and other water sports safe and easy. The AKASO Brave 7 can fit all your action-packed filming needs with its six-axis, anti-shake technology（EIS 2.0）can shoot smooth (as well as smooth out) images and hold every moment steadily despite vigorous movement. The AKASO Brave 7 has a 170-degree super wide angle, much larger than that of a mobile phone. It also supports 70/110/140 viewing angles, allowing for the best shooting angle for stories, vlog or a movie. At only the price of $169.99, you are able to take this all-rounded action camera home with you to shoot the best action-packed content.

Imagine that you are outdoors on a clear, sunny day, at about noon, in the tropics. The sun will be nearly overhead, and the light from the ...

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In photography, distortion is particularly associated with zoom lenses, particularly large-range zooms, but may also be found in prime lenses, and depends on focal distance – for example, the Canon EF 50mm f/1.4 exhibits barrel distortion at extremely short focal distances. Barrel distortion may be found in wide-angle lenses, and is often seen at the wide-angle end of zoom lenses, while pincushion distortion is often seen in older or low-end telephoto lenses. Mustache distortion is observed particularly on the wide end of zooms, with certain retrofocus lenses, and more recently on large-range zooms such as the Nikon 18–200 mm.

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x d = x c + x u − x c 2 K 1 r u 2 ( 1 − 1 − 4 K 1 r u 2 ) y d = y c + y u − y c 2 K 1 r u 2 ( 1 − 1 − 4 K 1 r u 2 ) , {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}x_{\mathrm {d} }&=x_{\mathrm {c} }+{\frac {x_{\mathrm {u} }-x_{\mathrm {c} }}{2K_{1}r_{u}^{2}}}(1-{\sqrt {1-4K_{1}r_{u}^{2}}})\\y_{\mathrm {d} }&=y_{\mathrm {c} }+{\frac {y_{\mathrm {u} }-y_{\mathrm {c} }}{2K_{1}r_{u}^{2}}}(1-{\sqrt {1-4K_{1}r_{u}^{2}}}),\end{aligned}}}

Note that if the center of the image is closer than the edges (for example, a straight-on shot of a face), then barrel distortion and wide-angle distortion (taking the shot from close) both increase the size of the center, while pincushion distortion and telephoto distortion (taking the shot from far) both decrease the size of the center. However, radial distortion bends straight lines (out or in), while perspective distortion does not bend lines, and these are distinct phenomena. Fisheye lenses are wide-angle lenses with heavy barrel distortion and thus exhibit both these phenomena, so objects in the center of the image (if shot from a short distance) are particularly enlarged: even if the barrel distortion is corrected, the resulting image is still from a wide-angle lens, and will still have a wide-angle perspective.

There are multiple types of different mounts and ways you can attach an action camera onto your body or equipment. Each of these methods come with their own pros and cons. An action camera head mount is by far one of the best mounts out of the plethora of choices there are for body mounts. That being said, action camera head mounts do also have their cons, they aren’t perfect. Let’s take a look at some of the pros and cons of a head mount for action cameras.

Good Field of View: Since a head mount attaches the action camera to your head, your camera will basically capture whatever it is that you see in front of you, providing some extremely nice POV footage for whatever sport you are carrying out. By having the camera mounted to your head instead of your chest or shoulders, you ensure that the camera won’t be blocked by your hands, or any equipment you may be carrying that needs to be placed in front of you.

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In this article we discussed and explored the different pros and cons an action camera head mount may have.  Action Cameras are the digital film capture devices currently available for capturing sport scenes or anything that is fast paced. Action camera head mounts or just any body mount as a matter of fact are a must have for attaching the camera onto your body so that you can focus on the sport safely and film good footage at the same time. If you are interested in checking out AKASO’s Brave 7 Action Camera, feel free to check the following link: https://www.akasotech.com/brave-7. Thank you for reading!

To model radial distortion, the division model[7] typically provides a more accurate approximation than Brown-Conrady's even-order polynomial model,[8]

A certain amount of pincushion distortion is often found with visual optical instruments, e.g., binoculars, where it serves to counteract the globe effect.