Industrial cameras might have issues like lens vignetting/lens shading, which is a gradual reduction of an image’s brightness or saturation from the image center to the four corners/ edges. This happens when the image format (or circle) of the lens is too small for the size of the sensor. So, to mitigate this, the image circle diameter must fit or be larger than the sensor size.

Microscopediagram

e-con Systems, with 20+ years of experience in designing, developing, and manufacturing OEM cameras, has a track record of equipping clients with world-class CMOS camera modules. Some of the use cases we have successfully covered include industrial, retail, agricultural, medical, and more. These modules are seamlessly compatible with several embedded platforms, including NVIDIA Jetson. Our portfolio includes sensors from various manufacturers, covering a broad spectrum of sizes and capabilities. Below is a comprehensive table of the sensor sizes and corresponding sensor names in our portfolio.

The first f-stop in the lens name corresponds to the minimum focal length of that zoom lens and the second f-stop in the lens name corresponds to the longest ...

Ocularlensmagnification

For example, consider the AR1335-CMOS image sensor from onsemi™ that has a sensor size of 4.54×3.42 mm and a diagonal of 5.68 mm. Therefore, the optical format is 5.68*3/2 = 8.52 mm, which is expressed as 1/3.2″.

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Microscope lensconcave or convex

If you need help integrating CMOs camera modules into your products, please write to us at camerasolutions@e-consystems.com.

Prabu is the Chief Technology Officer and Head of Camera Products at e-con Systems, and comes with a rich experience of more than 15 years in the embedded vision space. He brings to the table a deep knowledge in USB cameras, embedded vision cameras, vision algorithms and FPGAs. He has built 50+ camera solutions spanning various domains such as medical, industrial, agriculture, retail, biometrics, and more. He also comes with expertise in device driver development and BSP development. Currently, Prabu’s focus is to build smart camera solutions that power new age AI based applications.

Embedded vision applications like automated license plate recognition, gesture recognition, robotic vision, drones, and AMR require high frame rate and global shutter features – depending on the nature of the end application. AR0234 from Onsemi is one of the most popular sensors used in such applications.

In this blog, you’ll gain expert insights by comparing different sensor sizes and knowing their use in embedded vision applications.

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Resolution is the ability of imaging systems to reproduce the exact object detail. Many embedded vision applications like autonomous mobile robots (AMR) and autonomous vehicles demand cameras to achieve precise 3D depth measurement. This would be achieved with the high-resolution feature of that camera. Selecting sensors with large pixel sizes is likely to have higher resolution.

This enables a high level of image recognition and detection performance for improved safety for smart city, surveillance, and traffic monitoring systems.

Lens in the eyepiece of a microscopeexplained

Nosepiece houses the objectives. The objectives are exposed and are mounted on a rotating turret so that different objectives can be conveniently selected. Standard objectives include 4x, 10x, 40x and 100x although different power objectives are available.

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Lens in the eyepiece of a microscopemeaning

Coarse and Fine Focus knobs are used to focus the microscope. Increasingly, they are coaxial knobs - that is to say they are built on the same axis with the fine focus knob on the outside. Coaxial focus knobs are more convenient since the viewer does not have to grope for a different knob.

Lens in the eyepiece of a microscopeexplanation

Iris Diaphragm controls the amount of light reaching the specimen. It is located above the condenser and below the stage. Most high quality microscopes include an Abbe condenser with an iris diaphragm. Combined, they control both the focus and quantity of light applied to the specimen.

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CMOS sensors are generally specified by their physical sizes. The size of the CMOS sensor determines the light-collecting surface area of the sensor. The dimensions of the sensor are defined by the resolution and the pixel size. As you may know, the size of a sensor is often measured in inches. The image sensor format is sometimes referred to as sensor size or optical format.

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Large sensors tend to have large pixel sizes, and this indicates higher sensitivity. To achieve high sensitivity and compact design, an industrial camera usually uses a 1/2.8″ CMOS image sensor.

Undoubtedly, the size of the camera sensor is a major parameter that influences key aspects of imaging, including factors such as sensitivity, resolution, dynamic range, and low-light performance. Understanding sensor size and its implications for camera performance is critical in the development and optimization of imaging solutions.

Microscopeparts and functions

Illuminator is the light source for a microscope, typically located in the base of the microscope. Most light microscopes use low voltage, halogen bulbs with continuous variable lighting control located within the base.

It is a 1/2.6″ (Diagonal 6.8 mm) optical format CMOS sensor with a 3.0 μm x 3.0 μm pixel size. It is a global shutter sensor that is used for accurate and fast capture of moving scenes at 120 frames per second at full resolution. See3CAM24_CUG from e-con Systems is a color global shutter camera based on the ARO234 sensor.

Each application has different sensor size requirements to produce images. Let us discuss the factors to be considered while choosing a sensor of a particular size.

Objective Lenses are the primary optical lenses on a microscope. They range from 4x-100x and typically, include, three, four or five on lens on most microscopes. Objectives can be forward or rear-facing.

Also, some of the other available sensor sizes are 1/2.9″ (for Omnivision’s OV2311 CMOS image sensor with 3.0 μm x 3.0 μm pixel size) and 1/3″ (Onsemi’s AR0134 CMOS digital image sensor with an active pixel array of 1280H x. 960V).

Image sensors such as CMOS have seen their use cases grow significantly in size across many industries today. And you can also see major differences among the designs of the image sensors. For instance, these sensors come in varying sizes.

Mount is used for attaching a lens to a camera body. The selection of mount depends on the sensor size. For instance, the C mount, which is the type of lens mount for machine vision cameras, is appropriate for a 1.5″ sensor. S mount lens, which is commonly used in industrial applications, is appropriate for a sensor size of 1/2″, 1/3″ or smaller.

An optical microscope is used with multiple objectives attached to a part called revolving nosepiece. Commonly, multiple combined objectives with a different ...

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Also, the resolution of the lens must match the pixel size of the sensor to achieve high-quality images. The quite popular camera resolution of 1600 x 1200 pixels often uses a larger sensor with a size of 1/1.8″, and now high-end 4K resolution uses a 1/1.2″ image sensor format.

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e-con Systems is also deeply committed to offer custom CMOS camera solutions that align with individual client needs. Our seasoned team of experts collaborates closely with clients to develop bespoke camera solutions. Our customization services include custom sensor selection, lens configurations, and integration with hardware and software components.

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Stage Clips are used when there is no mechanical stage. The viewer is required to move the slide manually to view different sections of the specimen.

CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) is a digital device for capturing light and converting it into electrical signals. It has a photodiode and a transistor switch for each pixel. When light strikes the pixel, it creates a voltage proportional to intensity. The voltage is sampled directly at the pixel.

Objectivelens microscopefunction

Stage is where the specimen to be viewed is placed. A mechanical stage is used when working at higher magnifications where delicate movements of the specimen slide are required.

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A high power or compound microscope achieves higher levels of magnification than a stereo or low power microscope. It is used to view smaller specimens such as cell structures which cannot be seen at lower levels of magnification. Essentially, a compound microscope consists of structural and optical components. However, within these two basic systems, there are some essential components that every microscopist should know and understand. These key microscope parts are illustrated and explained below.

As discussed before, a large sensor contains larger photosites that are more receptive to light, thereby enhancing the camera’s ability to capture low-light images in comparison to a small sensor. Two of the popular sensor sizes targeted for low light performance are 1/1.2″ ( such as the Sony® IMX485 based 4K-resolution CMOS image sensor) and 35mm full-frame.

Eyepiece Tube holds the eyepieces in place above the objective lens. Binocular microscope heads typically incorporate a diopter adjustment ring that allows for the possible inconsistencies of our eyesight in one or both eyes. The monocular (single eye usage) microscope does not need a diopter. Binocular microscopes also swivel (Interpupillary Adjustment) to allow for different distances between the eyes of different individuals.

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As advancements continue in sensor technology, there remains a constant pursuit of enhanced performance from sensors of varying sizes. However, it’s undeniable that in many scenarios, larger sensors offer superior performance.

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Yet, it’s important to acknowledge that with increased size comes higher costs, making larger sensors typically more expensive compared to their smaller counterparts.

Eyepiece or Ocular is what you look through at the top of the microscope. Typically, standard eyepieces have a magnifying power of 10x. Optional eyepieces of varying powers are available, typically from 5x-30x.

Condenser is used to collect and focus the light from the illuminator on to the specimen. It is located under the stage often in conjunction with an iris diaphragm.