Now in this shot that I’m showing you right now, you’ll see a mailbox. You can read the name on it and then as the dolly keeps moving it’s revealed that there’s a man walking up to his front door. And so we get a connection between this man and, presumably, what is his name or his mailbox. And if it’s not him, then we’re going to find out who “M. Dooley” is.

Now when you’re on set pulling focus, you want to make sure that you do it with still some level of subtlety otherwise it’s not nearly as effective. So just take into account the action of the scene, the camera movement of the scene, and the tone of the scene and you’ll be well on your way to keeping those rack focuses invisible to the eye.

Hauss did acknowledge past concerns throughout the industry about the high costs of attending and exhibiting at trade shows in Las Vegas. To address that issue, he’s negotiated favorable room rates at Horseshoe, for $140 per night, and the booth rates for exhibitors will remain the same as in San Diego.

And a very important part of doing a rack focus right is the speed at which you do it. In my mind there are three things that you need to take into account when determining the speed of a rack focus.

You know, I can’t give you any particular advice on which one to use because it’s so circumstantial. It plays so heavily into the particular project that you’re on or, even within a project, which shot you’re on.

The IR Show’s next event will take place Jan. 28-30 at the San Diego Convention Center, followed by its summer edition on July 28-30 at the Horseshoe casino in Las Vegas.

On the other hand if you’re shooting, say, down a hallway and you’re rack focusing from — let’s say there are posters along the wall. You’re rack focusing from one poster at the end to one poster in the foreground.

The second thing — and probably the most prevalent scenario that influences the speed of your rack focus — is composition/camera movement.

But I’ve never really been in a situation where I haven’t instinctively known how fast to perform a rack focus. Because usually I watch rehearsals, I get a feeling through the dialogue what’s the scene about, or I simply ask the DP or the director. If you watch enough movies, you really get a sense for what’s appropriate.

So the final thing that’s going to affect your rack focus is the tone. The tone of the story, the tone of the scene, or even of a particular shot.

Today is Labor Day in the United States and, as we recognize this national holiday dedicated to the achievements of the American workforce, it's important to acknowledge that the crew in the film industry – the labor – hold more skill, talent, and power than is being recognized and rewarded.

“I’ve always had it in the back of my mind that I wanted to make this move, but I thought it’d be 10 years the making. [Outside circumstances] just kind of sped it up,” Hauss said.

The show will offer an opening night cocktail party on the first evening, from 5:30-7 p.m. And on night two, Hauss will host his “Conversations Over Cocktails” talk from 6-7:15 p.m., where he will sit down with leaders from the independent retail chain Beck’s Shoes, based out of Northern California. Previous guests have included David Kahan from Birkenstock; Larry and Evan Schwartz from Aetrex Worldwide; and execs from Tradehome Shoes in Wisconsin.

After relocating the footwear trade show to the San Diego Convention Center in February 2022 to facilitate its expansion, organizer Gary Hauss told FN this week that IR’s next two summer events will now be held in Las Vegas.

And so this is one of those cases where the action in a scene dictated the speed of my rack focus. It would’ve been weird if the door shut and then I got it in focus which is what was happening those first couple takes that everybody was sort-of wishy-washy on.

Hauss said he’s able to keep costs down because of low overhead. “Our entire staff is just me and my daughter,” he said. “The plan wasn’t to get rich doing this; it was just to stay in the business after I closed my retail stores. And that’s what I’ve done.”

It’s a very popular shot to have either a dolly or steadicam or jib or a crane or some type of camera movement device move a shot along and, all of the sudden, something new gets revealed into the frame.

Pulling focus is arguably the 1st Assistant Camera's most important duty. A shot can be beautifully lit, impeccably framed, and feature Oscar-winning acting, but if it's not in focus, it's likely to end up on the cutting room floor. That's what's at stake for the focus puller.

Those circumstances were San Diego Comic-Con, which takes over the city in the summer months. Hauss said that as a result, he struggled to find dates for accommodations that worked for his attendees.

So one thing to notice is how the rack focus is almost invisible. The reason it’s invisible is because it’s hidden inside the action. When the actor steps in his face is in focus, as the door is swinging — because there’s motion blur you wouldn’t be able to notice that it’s out of focus — but by the time it shuts, boom, it’s in focus and you can see the sign.

Las Vegas ShoeShow 2024

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“I want to be an earlier show, not a later show,” said Hauss. “I think it’s better for the vendors and the buyers, and I don’t want to step on the toes of The Atlanta Shoe Market in any way by being right on top of theirs. I have a great relationship and respect for [Atlanta organizer] Laura Conwell-O’Brien. So I will not do that. But what was happening was I was getting pushed into June, which is too early, or August.”

You don’t necessarily need to make it so quick, unless that’s what the director or DP wants. But you can slow it down a little bit because you’ll have so many posters between the other ones that, as the focus is happening, the audience’s eye can follow along.

Usually when you hear people speak about pulling focus, they’ll mention how it’s both an art and a science. The science part is measuring your distances, calculating them on the fly, and being very precise in your measurements. The art part is the “touch” you put into pulling focus — how fast do you do it, how long does it last, when do you perform it.

When used appropriately, it’s so engrained in our cinematic language that even though it could draw you out of the movie and say, “Hey, you’re watching a movie didn’t you just see that focus shift?” that we just accept it when done right and when done with subtlety.

So this first shot I want to show you is going to demonstrate how action affects the speed of a rack focus. This shot is from a commercial that I worked on that I actually wrote about on this blog.

IR Show San Diego2025

There’s the action in a scene — whether it’s character action or some other type of action. There’s camera movement/composition. And then there is the tone of the scene, the tone of the story, or even the tone of a particular shot.

IR ShowLas Vegas

That’s why you want to make sure you nail it — and not just focus wise. You also want to perform the rack focus with the right style and the right speed.

Now this doesn’t have to be a physical action all the time. Sometimes the action in a scene could mean dialogue. So you have two characters in different perspectives — this one speaks and then you rack focus to this one finishing their sentence (or something like that).

Instead, the 2024 and 2025 summer editions of IR will take place at the Horseshoe casino on the Las Vegas Strip — the former Bally’s property that recently underwent a renovation and rebrand. Hauss said that for now, IR’s winter shows will stay in San Diego, though he’s open to moving those to Las Vegas in the future if the summer events go well.

TheIR Show2025

Thanks for watching guys, I hope this was helpful to you! And make sure to check out the rest of my “How to Pull Focus” series on The Black and Blue.

But as an example for this type of tone affecting the speed of a rack focus, I want to point to a very popular shot that you see a lot. And that’s the point-of-view “wake up” shot. You see it a lot in war movies where like a grenade goes off and all of the sudden you’re at the point-of-view of the guy who’s been hit by the grenade. He sits up and everything’s out of focus and then it comes into focus.

You maybe remember it was about a tennis player who goes into a baseball batting cage to practice for Andy Roddick’s serve at the Australian Open. I actually wrote about, in the post, this particular shot where I mentioned how the tennis player goes into the batting cage and the door shots. And I had to rack focus from the actor’s face to the door of the batting cage.

Like I said, I can’t give you any particular advice on how to approach it except that you’ll know what to do — and, if you don’t, you’ll be told what to do.

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And in my first couple takes, I botched it — I didn’t hit my marks, I didn’t do a very good job. The director, knowing we were on such a tight schedule, was ready to move on, but I spoke up.

So I want to show you some examples of rack focuses from different projects I’ve worked on and sort-of explain how those three things played into it. Hopefully you can take that back with you on set and help give the DP [Director of Photography] a stronger shot to fulfill the director’s vision.

And you want to be on top of the rack focus before the audiences sort-of catch on to this out-of-focus thing in the foreground or in the background — because they’ll see the movement of it. You want to get the focus to it as quickly as possible — without rushing it — to make sure they can find out what “that” is.

Because if you land it late it is not as effective and it is going to be noticed by everybody watching — including the audience.

Now if you don’t know what a rack focus is, it’s when you have two subjects in the frame and you shift the focal plane from one to the other during a shot. Essentially when you do that, you’re also shifting the audience’s focus between the two subjects.

Normally we just try and keep things in focus and keep it invisible, but with a rack focus, you’re actually bringing the focal plane to the awareness of the audience. When it’s done right, they may notice it, but it’s a really cool trick and master filmmaker’s have been using it for years.

As for what to expect at The IR Show in San Diego in January, Hauss said the event continues to grow, with more fashion brands joining the roster of exhibitors. Among some of the newer brands slated to participate next month are Kizik, Andre Assous, Cole Haan, Miz Mooz, A.S.98, Victoria, Hoff, Camper, Yellow Box, Arche and Diba True.

How quickly does the new thing come into frame? If it comes in very quickly, you’re going to have just as quick a rack focus. If it sort-of creeps in, you can slow it down a little bit.

If there’s a lot of empty space between your old focal point and your new focal point, you don’t want to take a lot of time getting to the new one because you’re going to have nothing to focus on in between them — there’s just going to be dead space. And you’re going to have some excruciating few seconds or even half-seconds where everything’s out of focus and that’s not what you want.