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The Ministry of Labour, Immigration, Training and Skills Development advances safe, fair and harmonious workplace practices that are essential to the social and economic well-being of the people of Ontario.

You should consider engineering controls as the first line of defense. Move to the next option on the list if it is not possible to eliminate the hazard with engineering controls.

What are the 3types oflasers

If the beam of a Class 3B or Class 4 laser strikes unprotected skin, workers may experience an injury ranging from a mild burn to irreversible skin damage. The beam can heat or vaporize the tissue or cause cellular damage. Class 4 lasers can also cause permanent eye damage as a result of direct, diffuse, or indirect beam viewing.

Various guidance documents provide more detailed information regarding reasonable precautions you may take to protect workers from the hazards created by Class 2 and 2M lasers.

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Personal protective equipment is considered the last line of defense against hazards. You use personal protective equipment, such as laser safety goggles, after you have controlled the hazards as much as possible with engineering, administrative and procedural controls.

Nominal hazard zone (NHZ): the space within which the level of the direct, reflected, or scattered radiation may exceed the applicable MPE. Exposure levels beyond the boundary of the NHZ are below the appropriate MPE.

Types of laserPDF

Class 2M lasers are lasers that are within the visible range (400-700 nm) and are considered safe under normal conditions because of the blink reflex. However, these lasers present a hazard if a worker views the beam through an optical device like a telescope or a microscope.

Maximum permissible exposure(MPE): the level of laser radiation to which an unprotected person may be exposed without adverse biological changes in the eye or skin.

If you have Class 3B or 4 lasers in the workplace, and you appoint a supervisor, you must appoint a competent person. The supervisor would have authority over lasers in the workplace. This person has the training, knowledge and understanding of lasers and laser safety to oversee the laser safety program.

Class 3B lasers are often used in spectrometry and in some laser hair removal systems. These lasers can cause injury to skin or eyes from direct or indirect (reflected) exposure to the beam. When appointing a supervisor, you must appoint a competent person, such as a supervisor, who ensures workers are aware of and protected from the hazards of Class 3B lasers.

Class 3R lasers may have a visible or invisible laser beam. The visible beam (between 400 – 700 nm) lasers have no more than 5 mW of continuous wave power. These lasers are generally not considered to be a significant hazard if workers do not view them with optical devices like telescopes or microscopes. Class 3R lasers generally do not cause permanent damage.

Types oflasers for skin

Types of laser beamspdf

Laser beams do not diverge very much so the beam stays nearly the same size even a significant distance from the source. It also loses its brightness and energy more slowly than typical light sources.

In Ontario, the Occupational Health and Safety Act covers the safe use of lasers in the workplace. There is no regulation specifically for lasers. Under the Occupational Health and Safety Act, employers must:

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One way the laser supervisor can demonstrate competency is to complete a laser safety training program. The level and depth of the laser safety training should be linked to the level of hazard associated with the laser. A typical laser safety program should include:

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Laser light is monochromatic. Monochromatic means that the beam is made up of one wavelength. If the wavelength is in the visible range of the spectrum (~380 to 740 nanometers (nm)), it is one colour. In contrast, white light, the type of light we use in our homes, is made up of all the various wavelengths of the visible spectrum.

Types of laserwith example

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Pulsed laser: a laser which delivers its energy in the form of a single pulse or a train of pulses. In this standard, the duration of a pulse is less than 0.25 s.

Beams from Class 3B and 4 lasers will cause injury to eyes and skin. Workers who are in the hazard zone of a Class 3B or Class 4 laser must wear appropriate laser safety goggles.

Class 1M lasers are typically found in fibre optics. These lasers are also considered safe under normal viewing conditions, but this laser beam can cause injury to the eye if a worker views it through a telescope or microscope.

Laser levels and most barcode scanners in grocery stores are examples of Class 2 lasers. These lasers are in the “visible range”. Class 2 lasers emit light in the 400 – 700 nm range. This is the part of the optical radiation spectrum that we can see.

The exposure limits from a Class 3B laser vary depending on the wavelength of the light and whether the laser is a continuous beam or a pulsed laser.

The maximum power for a Class 2 laser is 1 milliWatt (mW) for a continuous wave. You should never deliberately stare into the beam. This can cause injury to the retina in the back of the eye. Additionally, if you have any workers who have a delayed blink reflex (this may be associated with some neurological conditions or paralysis), they may be at risk of an injury from a Class 2 laser.

The hierarchy of controls is a system used to minimize or eliminate hazards. You start with the highest level of control possible to protect workers. The order of controls is:

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Types of laserin Physics

Class 4 lasers cause immediate injury to eye and skin if a worker is exposed to the beam or the reflection of the beam from either a shiny or dull surface. They also pose “non-beam” hazards, such as the possibility of:

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These lasers are the most powerful and hazardous of all the laser classes. Exposure to the beam or a reflection of the beam will cause immediate injury to the eye and skin. When appointing a supervisor, you must appoint a competent person to ensure that:

Various guidance documents provide more detailed information regarding the reasonable precautions to protect workers from the hazards created by Class 1 and 1M lasers.

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The visible spectrum is made up of the colours that we can see. It ranges from violet (400 – 420 nm) to red (620 -700 nm). Class 2 lasers only emit light in this range. If you look into or are accidently struck in the eye with a Class 2 laser, you will blink as a reaction to the bright light. This is called the “blink reflex” and it takes less than ¼ of a second. Your blink reflex protects your eye against injury because of the limited time of exposure to the beam (less than ¼ second).

Types of laser beamswith examples

The unique qualities of lasers that make them work well for different types of work can also cause injuries to workers. Workers may experience eye or skin injuries from contact with a direct or reflected laser beam.

There are different classes of lasers. The class of laser you have in your workplace will determine what reasonable precautions you should take to protect your workers.

Lasers are beams of light, also known as optical radiation, that have unique qualities that make them useful in certain workplaces.

Class 1 lasers are considered safe under normal use. They are typically found in laser diodes in optical devices, such as DVD players and geological survey equipment. You may have a laser system that contains a high-powered laser, but the beam is entirely enclosed to prevent exposure to the direct or reflected beam. This kind of laser system is considered a Class 1 laser under normal use.

Class 3B lasers beams can be visible or invisible and have a continuous wave power of greater than 5 mW but not more than 500 mW (0.5 W). These lasers have the potential to cause immediate injury to eye and skin if a worker’s eye is exposed to the direct laser beam or to a reflection of the beam from a mirror-like surface. If the beam is reflected from a matte surface like paper or matte paint (often referred to as a “diffuse reflection”), it is unlikely to cause any injury.

You can determine the appropriate safety glasses depending on the wavelength and power of the laser in use. The manual that came with the laser will also have information regarding appropriate safety eyewear.

You must take every precaution reasonable in the circumstances to protect your workers from the hazards created by Class 3B and 4 lasers. You use the “hierarchy of controls” to protect workers from hazards.

Each of the following standards will provide guidance to employers on protecting workers from hazards related to lasers:

Types of laser beamsin physics

If you have a Class 3B laser in your workplace, we encourage you to familiarize yourself with laser guidance documents such as those from ANSI or CSA. These types of documents provide guidance on how to set up a laser safety program. A typical laser safety program would include:

You must take all precautions reasonable in the circumstances to protect your workers from both the beam and non-beam hazards of Class 4 lasers. A laser safety program should contain all necessary information regarding the hazards and the controls that you have in place to protect workers.

If you have a laser in your workplace, it is unlikely that elimination or substitution are options. Consider when you will use engineering, administrative and procedural controls and personal protective equipment.

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Lasers can create hazards in addition to the laser beam itself. If you have Class 3B or Class 4 lasers in the workplace you will need to evaluate the non-beam hazards as well as hazards from the laser beam itself. These non-beam hazards may include:

Workers can use a typical telescope or microscope to collect the beam of a Class 1 laser without risk of injury to their eyes or skin. You do not need to take any precautions to prevent harm to a worker with this type of laser other than to educate your workers regarding Class 1 lasers in the workplace.

Laser beams do not diverge or expand quickly like other light does. Divergence is when the beam of light gets wider and less bright as you get farther away from the source. Like a flashlight or a regular light bulb in your home.

Laser pointers are often Class 3R lasers. Your blink reflex will protect you from this type of laser, but you may experience temporary “flash blindness”.