Germanium glasslens

Optic definition: of or relating to the eye or sight.. See examples of OPTIC used in a sentence.

Unfortunately Germanium is sensible to high temperature with degradation of its optical properties over 100°C. For high temperature Mid-IR (8-13µm) alternative we recommend using BaF2 (! much lower transmission after 11µm) or ZnSe.

Ge is also interesting for its low optical dispersion and therefore very low chromatic dispersion in it’s transmission spectrum.

It has good transmission in the 8 to 14 µm range covering the thermal Infrared light, therefore it is a material of choice for thermal and night vision. It also shows a high refractive index which enable high open aperture angle optical component’s design.

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Oct 21, 2024 — However, natural light is often partially polarized because of multiple scatterings and reflections. Sources of polarized light.

Germanium glassproperties

Most of the raw material comes from China, Russia and USA being also important suppliers, quality material is available everywhere.

Germanium famously known as predicted by Mendeleev before its actual discovery in the end 19th century, is widely used in optics as a component material for IR applications.  It has also interesting semi-conductor properties that we will not discuss into details in this guide.

Raw germanium have a relatively average transmission in the IR (less than 50%) but Anti-reflect or DLC treatments do improve a lot it’s transmittance.

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One of them, the objective, has a short focal length and is placed close to the object being examined. It is used to form a real image in the front focal plane of the second lens, the eyepiece or ocular. The eyepiece forms an enlarged virtual image that can…

Germanium GlassPrice

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Magnification is usually denoted by an X next to a numeric value. Objectives are available in a range of magnifications from 2X to 200X. Numerical Aperture (NA).

The optics of the microscope objective are defined by the focal length, N.A., and field of view. Objectives that have been corrected for aberrations are further defined by the wavelength requirements and the tube length of the microscope.

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…object passes is called the objective lens. It should be noted that the light will be inverted at the focal plane. A second lens, referred to as the eyepiece lens, is placed behind the focal plane and enables the observer to view the enlarged, or magnified, image. Thus, the simplest…

Aspheric lens ... An aspheric lens or asphere (often labeled ASPH on eye pieces) is a lens whose surface profiles are not portions of a sphere or cylinder. In ...

Augustin Fresnel was the first to do this calculation (1820's). Fresnel Equations—Perpendicular E field. Page 7. n i n t i k. r k. t k. θi θr θt.

Interestingly, due to its similar crystal structure to Diamond can be coated with a DLC layer (Diamond Like Carbon) which on top of reducing the reflection on it’s surface, adds a diamond strong protective layer. Finally Germanium is not transparent in the visible which can be useful to focus on IR light.

Germanium optical components along with Silicon ones are made by precision optical suppliers usually focusing on IR applications. Due to high value of the material, specialization enables these companies less pressure on the stocks and lower risks of non-quality rejection.

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Above value are generic specifications for fabrication, specific better value may be available and need to be reviewed case by case.

It is also worth noting that germanium is relatively more brittle that silicon and therefore should be handle with care during machining.