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One of the primary challenges for photographers shooting in bright conditions is balancing the exposure between the sky and the ground. ND filters help to prevent overexposure by lowering the brightness of the entire screen and to preserve details in both highlights and shadows.

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ND filters come in various forms, types and strengths and each of them suits different needs and preferences. Below you can see a breakdown of all the types of ND filters.

ND filters are an indispensable tool for managing light in photography and videography. These one-of-a-kind filters help you to shoot in difficult lighting conditions and create breathtaking shots with interesting effects. In this guide, we will cover how ND filters work, their usage, the different types available and share tips on how to choose the right ND filter for your needs.

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Jump to: How do ND filters work? What to use ND filters for Types of ND filters How to use an ND filter How to choose an ND filter FAQ How do neutral density (ND) filters work? Neutral density filters, commonly known as ND filters, are pieces of glass or resin that reduce the amount of light entering your camera lens. These filters are painted in grey fully or partially, which allows them to block the incoming light by a specific number of stops while maintaining the original colours of the image. ND filters act like sunglasses for your camera, allowing you to use slower shutter speeds or wider apertures in bright light conditions without overexposing your photos. By reducing the light, ND filters help create effects like motion blur in waterfalls, silky smooth seas or dramatic skies. Simply saying, they give you greater control over your exposure settings and creative possibilities that wouldn't be achievable otherwise. Using ND filters: When and for what? ND filters are particularly popular among landscape photographers, however, they are quite versatile and can be used also for other types of photography. Here are some uses for ND filters: Long exposure photography Long-exposure photography requires using slow shutter speeds to capture motion. Using ND filters is essential for this technique, especially in bright daylight. By reducing the amount of light entering the lens, ND filters allow you to use longer shutter speeds without overexposing your image. Without an ND filter, these long exposures would be impossible in daylight as too much light would enter the lens, resulting in a completely white, overexposed photo. With the long exposure, you can achieve a motion blur effect, make the water silky in the photo or capture dramatic skies with moving clouds. Learn how to use ND filters for long exposures. Balancing exposures in bright conditions One of the primary challenges for photographers shooting in bright conditions is balancing the exposure between the sky and the ground. ND filters help to prevent overexposure by lowering the brightness of the entire screen and to preserve details in both highlights and shadows. For example, when shooting a landscape with a bright sky and a darker foreground, a graduated ND filter can darken the sky without affecting the foreground, resulting in a well-balanced photo. Read more about how to use ND filters for landscapes. Shallow depth of field In bright conditions, using a wide aperture to achieve a shallow depth of field without overexposing the image can be challenging. ND filters solve this problem by blocking the extra light, allowing you to use wide apertures even in bright sunlight. With reduced light, you can create a blurred background and creamy bokeh effect. For example, if you're taking a portrait outdoors on a sunny day, an ND filter lets you use a wide aperture to blur the background beautifully while keeping the exposure balanced. Read more about using ND filters for portrait photography. Different types of ND filters ND filters come in various forms, types and strengths and each of them suits different needs and preferences. Below you can see a breakdown of all the types of ND filters. ND filters by form and attachment Circular screw-in and magnetic ND filters: These filters screw directly onto the front of your lens or attach magnetically, which is even quicker and easier. They're convenient for everyday shooting and come in various sizes to fit different lenses. Square/rectangular ND filters: Square and rectangular filters are typically used with a filter holder system. They are less convenient to carry but can be easily combined with different lenses. This type of ND filters is favoured by professional landscape photographers for its versatility and the ability to stack multiple filters. Clip-in ND filters: Clip-in filters are designed for mirrorless cameras to be installed inside the camera body. Explore ND filters from Kase Screw-in ND Filters Magnetic circular ND Filters Rectangular ND filters Clip-in ND filters

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If you wear glasses you’re familiar with the hassles of dealing with the sun. You carry your glasses and sunglasses wherever you go, switching back and forth each time you go outside and head back in. A simple alternative is to wear glasses with photochromic or "transition" lenses. These lenses automatically respond to lighting conditions by “transitioning” to the appropriate tint. They darken in bright sunlight and return to a regular tint in dimly lit environments. Light-adaptive lenses have improved in recent years Photochromic lenses have been around for decades. Years ago, all transition lenses were made of glass and came in a single color: grey. But today’s photochromic glasses are available in a rainbow of lens colors and are made with various materials. Today's lenses contain special dyes that darken when exposed to UV light. That's a long way from the photochromic technology of the first transition lenses, which darkened when silver chloride or silver halide in the glass lens reacted with UV light. Are photochromic lenses worth it? Glasses with photochromic lenses certainly offer convenience, but they have some drawbacks too. Think about the advantages and disadvantages of these sunglasses before you buy. Pros of transition lenses Convenience. You can use these glasses under most circumstances, whether indoors or outside.  Continuous UV protection. You will no longer forget your sunglasses or not bother to put them on for a trip outside. Less likely to lose. You and your children are less likely to lose glasses when you don’t have two pairs to keep track of. Variety of options. They are available in many styles and colors, and can meet the prescription needs of most people. If you need shatter-resistant lenses, bifocals, progressives or have other specific needs, there’s almost certainly a photochromic lens for you. Savings. You may not need to buy prescription eyeglasses and prescription sunglasses as well. Cons of transition lenses Quality varies. They darken and lighten to varying degrees depending on the brand. Some lenses also take longer than others to adjust to brightness. Discuss your needs and options with an eyecare professional. Cold weather. These lenses can take longer to adjust in cold weather. Automotive use. They don’t darken as well inside cars. Auto glass has some UV protection, which can prevent photochromic lenses from darkening. Some lenses are designed to help solve this problem.

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For instance, if your original shutter speed is 1/30s and you're using a 6-stop ND64 filter, the new shutter speed will be approximately 2 seconds (1/30s × 64 = 2s).

For example, if you're taking a portrait outdoors on a sunny day, an ND filter lets you use a wide aperture to blur the background beautifully while keeping the exposure balanced.

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IMPORTANT NOTE: If you are shooting during sunrise or sunset, take into account that the lighting conditions change fast. Calculate 1 stop less for a sunrise and 1 stop more for a sunset when adjusting the shutter speed. Alternatively, you can adjust the aperture or ISO instead of prolonging the shutter speed even more, for example.

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These lenses automatically respond to lighting conditions by “transitioning” to the appropriate tint. They darken in bright sunlight and return to a regular tint in dimly lit environments.

In bright conditions, using a wide aperture to achieve a shallow depth of field without overexposing the image can be challenging. ND filters solve this problem by blocking the extra light, allowing you to use wide apertures even in bright sunlight. With reduced light, you can create a blurred background and creamy bokeh effect.

At Kase, we offer ND filters of all common strengths! If you are looking for a neutral density filter to buy, be sure to check our catalogue of ND filters.

It depends on your photography style and the variety of lighting conditions you typically shoot in. For beginners, two fixed ND filters may be enough to cover most scenarios. Remember that you can also stack them to obtain an even higher stop of light reduction. Variable ND filters can also be a versatile option, as they allow you to adjust the light reduction without needing multiple filters. However, for specialised photography, such as extremely long exposures, you might require a specific high-strength ND filter, like an ND1000.

The filter size you need corresponds to the diameter of your lens, usually indicated on the front or side of the lens barrel in millimetres (e.g., 58mm, 72mm). Match this number to the filter size when purchasing. If you have multiple lenses with different diameters, you can buy the largest size filter you need and use step-up rings to adapt it to smaller lenses. Read more about how to choose the right filter size.

Today's lenses contain special dyes that darken when exposed to UV light. That's a long way from the photochromic technology of the first transition lenses, which darkened when silver chloride or silver halide in the glass lens reacted with UV light.

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Long-exposure photography requires using slow shutter speeds to capture motion. Using ND filters is essential for this technique, especially in bright daylight. By reducing the amount of light entering the lens, ND filters allow you to use longer shutter speeds without overexposing your image. Without an ND filter, these long exposures would be impossible in daylight as too much light would enter the lens, resulting in a completely white, overexposed photo.

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Photochromic lenses have been around for decades. Years ago, all transition lenses were made of glass and came in a single color: grey. But today’s photochromic glasses are available in a rainbow of lens colors and are made with various materials.

Glasses with photochromic lenses certainly offer convenience, but they have some drawbacks too. Think about the advantages and disadvantages of these sunglasses before you buy.

If you wear glasses you’re familiar with the hassles of dealing with the sun. You carry your glasses and sunglasses wherever you go, switching back and forth each time you go outside and head back in. A simple alternative is to wear glasses with photochromic or "transition" lenses.

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ND filters are particularly popular among landscape photographers, however, they are quite versatile and can be used also for other types of photography. Here are some uses for ND filters:

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ND filters usually include the ND factor in their name, e.g. ND16, but some providers use the optical density instead, e.g. ND 1.2, for the same filter. To be sure you pick the right strength of the ND filter, double-check the number of stops in the specifications.

By reducing the light, ND filters help create effects like motion blur in waterfalls, silky smooth seas or dramatic skies. Simply saying, they give you greater control over your exposure settings and creative possibilities that wouldn't be achievable otherwise.

Now, you will need to adjust the settings to compensate for the ND filter. To adjust the shutter speed, you can use an ND filter exposure table or calculate it manually the following formula to adjust your shutter speed:

For example, when shooting a landscape with a bright sky and a darker foreground, a graduated ND filter can darken the sky without affecting the foreground, resulting in a well-balanced photo.

ND filters are available in different strengths, measured in stops. Common strengths include ND2 (1 stop), ND4 (2 stops), ND8 (3 stops), and higher. The strength you need depends on the lighting conditions and the effect you're aiming for.

Neutral density filters, commonly known as ND filters, are pieces of glass or resin that reduce the amount of light entering your camera lens. These filters are painted in grey fully or partially, which allows them to block the incoming light by a specific number of stops while maintaining the original colours of the image. ND filters act like sunglasses for your camera, allowing you to use slower shutter speeds or wider apertures in bright light conditions without overexposing your photos.

With the long exposure, you can achieve a motion blur effect, make the water silky in the photo or capture dramatic skies with moving clouds.