Product warranty: Our warranty for all our mechanical components and systems are ONE year from the date of shipment. Repair or replacement will be made free of charge for products with defects in material and workmanship during this period. For our optical components, our warranty is 30 days from the date of shipment. Defective items will be replaced free of cost. The customer must notify any defect in optical components within 48 hours of receipt. For all warranty replacement, a written statement with an authorized signature indicating the reason for rejection attaching test reports are requested to accompany the returned parts. All defective items must be returned in their original shipping container within 10 days of the date of shipment.

Multiphoton microscopyvs confocalmicroscopy

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Thomas J. Fellers and Michael W. Davidson - National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32310.

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In multiphoton excitation microscopy, fluorescent dyes are excited by absorbing the energy of two or more photons simultaneously (see Figure 1). For two-photon excitation, The dyes are excited at around twice the wavelength used in ordinary fluorescence observations, since the photon energy is inversely proportional to the wavelength. Because the excitation probability of the fluorescent dye in  two-photon excitation is proportional to the square of excitation light intensity, only the area proximal to the focal point, where the photon density is high, can be excited; tomographic images can then be obtained by scanning the laser beam (Figure 2, in which the non-excited area is grayed). The multiphoton excitation laser scanning microscopy provides similar tomographic images to the confocal LSM through the different principles.

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Brian Herman and Victoria E. Centonze Frohlich - Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229.

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Established in 1993, Holmarc Opto-Mechatronics Ltd manufactures variety of scientific and engineering instruments for research, industry and education.

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The products described in this website constitute only the standard items we manufacture for research and industrial market. One of our major activity is in OEM market where we develop and supply low volume opto-mechanical devices & positioning as per custom design. We also undertake contract manufacturing of opto-mechanical products in standard and custom specifications.

Motorized stages manufactured by holmarc cater to the diverse needs of manufacturing industry as well as scientific research. We have motorized linear stages having just 5 mm traverse to 1000 mm traverse with varied specifications with respect to load capacity, drive mechanism, feedback and motors used. Our motorized rotation stages are equally diverse as well. The size of rotation stages can vary from as small as 50 mm to 500 mm in diameter with varied load capacities. Please contact us at sales@ holmarc.com for any assistance / support.

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Joseph R. Lakowicz - Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland and University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute (UMBI), 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201.

Haruo Kasai Laboratory - The Kasai laboratory has developed new approaches, based on two-photon excitation microscopy, to the study of neurons and secretory cells. The application of these approaches has provided important insight into the structure-function relations of central synapses and the mechanisms of exocytosis in both neurons and secretory glands such as pancreatic islets and acini.

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Using probes such as calcium ion indicators, some of which are excited by ultraviolet light, considerations for the aberration and transmittance of ultraviolet light through the microscope optics can be eliminated in multiphoton excitation microscopy. Specimen damage from the ultraviolet light can also be reduced. Multiphoton excitation is expected strongly to photo-activate caged compounds only at a three-dimensionally specific point in specimens.

A confocal laser scanning microscope must be modified and equipped with a specialized near-infrared pulsed laser system in order to perform multiphoton imaging. The following characteristics should be used as a guide when comparing multiphoton excitation with conventional laser scanning confocal microscopy.

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B.7., H.M.T. Industrial Estate H.M.T. P.O, Kalamassery, Kochi Kerala, India - 683 503    +91 938-863-2098    sales@holmarc.com    Mon - Sat : 9 am to 5 pm