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As a vertically integrated supplier, we offer supply chain simplification with a single source for (design for manufacture and assembly) DFMA, engineering, test, manufacture, and integration. Even if we don't make all the subcomponents for your system, we are able to integrate 3rd party components. All of our external suppliers have been through a rigorous qualification process with us, and we have confidence in our component suppliers.

Basically, larger apertures produce narrower depth of field, so if you want to shoot a portrait with a nicely defocused background you’ll want to open up the aperture wide. But other factors come into play. Lenses of longer focal lengths are generally capable of producing narrower depth of field (partly because, as we learned above, an F1.4 aperture in an 85 mm lens, for example, is a lot larger than an F1.4 aperture in a wide-angle 24 mm lens), and the distance between objects in the scene being photographed will have an effect on the perceived depth of field as well.

We have the ability to look at a customer's schematic and know where the problems lay. We can help you to develop your system to get better image quality/resolution, speed, stability, smoothness, and reliability.

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All lenses have a maximum and minimum aperture, expressed as “f-numbers”, but it is the maximum aperture that is most commonly quoted in lens specifications. Take the Sony 35 mm F1.4 G as an example. This is a 35 mm F1.4 lens: 35 mm is the focal length (we’ll get to that later) and F1.4 is the maximum aperture. But what exactly does “F1.4” mean? See the “F-number maths” box for some technical details, but for a practical understanding it’s enough to know that smaller f-numbers correspond to larger apertures, and that F1.4 is about the largest maximum aperture you’re likely to encounter on general-purpose lenses. Lenses with a maximum aperture of F1.4, F2 or F2.8 are generally considered to be “fast” or “bright.”

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OCT system development success is not solely dependent on an OEM choosing the optimal combination of parts but rather a consideration of time to market and development and manufacture costs is paramount. The approach to design can make the difference between an OCT project reaching the market at the right time and price point or getting delayed in costly refinement cycles.

The f-number is the focal length of the lens divided by the effective diameter of the aperture. So in the case of the 35 mm F1.4 G lens, when the aperture is set to its maximum of F1.4, the effective diameter of the aperture will be 35 ÷ 1.4 = 25 mm. Note that as the focal length of the lens changes, the diameter of the aperture at a given f-number will change too. For example, an aperture of F1.4 in a 300 mm telephoto lens would require an effective aperture diameter of 300 ÷ 1.4 ≈ 214 mm. That would end up being a huge, bulky and very expensive lens, which is why you don’t see too many long telephoto lenses with very large maximum apertures. There’s really no need for the photographer to know what the actual aperture diameter is, but it’s helpful to understand the principle.

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There’s actually more to shooting images with beautifully defocused backgrounds than simply choosing a bright lens and opening the aperture up all the way. That’s the first “key”, but sometimes a large aperture alone won’t produce the desired results. The second key is the distance between your subject and the background. If the background is very close to your subject it might fall within the depth of field, or be so close that the amount of defocusing isn’t sufficient. Whenever possible, keep plenty of distance between your subject and the background you want to defocus. The third key is the focal length of the lens you use. As mentioned above, it’s easier to get a narrow depth of field with longer focal lengths, so take advantage of that characteristic as well. Many photographers find that focal lengths between about 75 mm and 100 mm are ideal for shooting portraits with nicely blurred backgrounds.

Our products comprise components and subsystems. Some products are standard but most of our OEM customers have unique requirements and we are experienced in working with them to design and engineer the solution they need.

From an initial focus on biomedical procedures such as cardiology, skin cancer investigations to ophthalmology in the 1990s, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is now being seriously considered for applications such as materials analysis in markets ranging from oil and gas, to food processing and automotive paint testing.

Thanks to our established buying power, design for manufacture focus and continuous improvement, we can help customers overcome these challenges. Expertise in component selection and integration into high-quality and effective OCT subsystems that can be manufactured in volume and to the highest standards is key to systems innovation.

We understand the challenge. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) systems manufacturers need to deliver systems capable of higher resolution imaging, faster and at lower costs than ever before. You need fit-for-purpose components and systems that are to specification, budget, and timeline. To achieve this at scale, whilst reducing costs over the product lifetime, requires efficient and effective system design.

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In addition to standard OCT components and subsystems, we have the design, engineering, and manufacturing expertise to produce custom products. We work with our OEM customers, using our expertise to design, develop, test, and manufacture the solutions customers need to ensure their OCT imaging systems offer the highest degree of functionality and ease of use.

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“Depth of field” refers to the range of distances from the camera within which photographed objects will appear acceptably sharp.

We understand our customers’ need for high performance, as well as flexibility in design. For decades we have developed integrated subsystems, such as the critical fused fiber coupler, which was initially for the long-distance optical communications industry and is now available for OCT too. We have invested in R&D and listened to our customers’ needs, developing key components such as the optical delay line, PDR (polarization diverse receiver), and collimator for OCT interferometers, as well as subsystems and fully bespoke OCT systems.

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Customers invariably require bespoke OCT system design, which is dedicated to specific applications, and therefore need to carefully choose their components and supplier to maximize system performance while minimizing cost and development time.

[1] Effective aperture (size of the entrance pupil) [2] Aperture [3] Focal length Note: Aperture and focal length values in the illustration are approximate.

The aperture in a lens—also known as the “diaphragm” or “iris”—is an ingenious piece of mechanical engineering that provides a variable-size opening in the optical path that can be used to control the amount of light that passes through the lens. Aperture and shutter speed are the two primary means of controlling exposure: for a given shutter speed, dimmer lighting will require a larger aperture to allow more light to reach the image sensor plane, while brighter light will require a smaller aperture to achieve optimum exposure. Alternatively, you could keep the same aperture setting and change the shutter speed to achieve similar results. But the size of the opening provided by the aperture also determines how “collimated” the light passing through the lens is, and this directly affects depth of field, so you’ll need to be in control of both aperture and shutter speed to create images that look the way you want them to.

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The standard f-numbers you’ll use with camera lenses are, from larger to smaller apertures: 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22 and sometimes 32 (for you mathematicians, those are all powers of the square root of 2). Those are the full stops, but you’ll also see fractional stops that correspond to a half or a third of the full stops. Increasing the size of the aperture by one full stop doubles the amount of light that is allowed to pass through the lens. Decreasing the size of the aperture by one stop halves the amount of light reaching the sensor.

In extreme examples of narrow depth of field, the in-focus depth might be just a few millimetres. At the opposite extreme, some landscape photographs show very deep depth of field with everything in sharp focus from just in front of the camera to many kilometres away. Controlling depth of field is one of the most useful techniques you have for creative photography.

OCT is a high-resolution cross-sectional imaging technique that is non-invasive and utilizes NIR light to penetrate into the sample.