With support for webcams, devices can be used in lightweight use cases such as video chatting and photo kiosks. This feature doesn't replace typical internal camera HALs on Android phones and isn't designed to support performance-intensive, complex tasks involving high-resolution and high-speed streaming, AR, and manual ISP/sensor/lens control.

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To improve performance, you can replace output formats with device-specific efficient formats. You can also support additional formats in a customized implementation

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Devices with external camera support must pass camera CTS. The external USB webcam must remain plugged in the specific device during the entire test run, otherwise some test cases will fail.

You can customize the external camera provider by modifying the external_camera_config.xml file. Specifically, clients can customize the following parameters:

Kernel support for UVC devices must also be enabled. You can enable this by adding the following to the respective kernel defconfig files.

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To enable the external camera provider in the respective device build, which adds the necessary SELinux permissions, external camera configuration, and external camera provider dependency, complete the following steps:

The USB camera HAL process is part of the external camera provider that listens to USB device availability and enumerates external camera devices accordingly. The process has permissions and an SE policy similar to the built-in camera HAL process. Third-party webcam apps that communicate directly with USB devices require the same camera permissions to access UVC devices as with any regular camera app.

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For more information on how to implement USB cameras, see the external camera provider reference implementation at ExternalCameraProvider. The external camera device and session implementations are included in ExternalCameraDevice and ExternalCameraDeviceSession. Starting in API level 28, the Java client API includes the EXTERNAL hardware level.

The Android platform supports the use of plug-and-play USB cameras (that is, webcams) using the standard Android Camera2 API and the camera HAL interface. Webcams generally support USB video class (UVC) drivers and on Linux, the standard Video4Linux (V4L) driver is used to control UVC cameras.