The doctor says I must drop work for a day, and I can afford to do so, for I have made good progress lately. It is quite evident that the visions depend entirely upon my own nervous state, for I sat in front of the mirror for an hour tonight, with no result whatever. My soothing day has chased them away. I wonder whether I shall ever penetrate what they all mean? I examined the mirror this evening under a good light, and besides the mysterious inscription "Sanc. X. Pal.," I was able to discern some signs of heraldic marks, very faintly visible upon the silver. They must be very ancient, as they are almost obliterated. So far as I could make out, they were three spear-heads, two above and one below. I will show them to the doctor when he calls tomorrow.

Maßgenauigkeit (wie gut das Teil also mit den Abmessungen der Originaldatei übereinstimmt) ist wichtig für die Wiederholbarkeit und die Nutzbarkeit des Teils. Wenn ein Drucker die Geometrie nicht umsetzen kann, funktionieren die Teile in der vorgesehenen Umgebung nicht. Bei bestimmten Anwendungen, wie z. B. bei zahnmedizinischen oder kieferorthopädischen Modellen, ist Maßgenauigkeit besonders wichtig, denn hier ist die perfekte Reproduktion der Scandatei und damit der Patientenanatomie für den Erfolg der Anwendung entscheidend.

Perhaps I was myself a fool to go to the doctor at all. But I get nervous and highly-strung when I sit alone at my work at night. It's not a pain — only a sort of fullness of the head with an occasional mist over the eyes. I thought perhaps some bromide, or chloral, or something of the kind might do me good. But stop work? It's absurd to ask such a thing. It's like a long-distance race. You feel queer at first and your heart thumps and your lungs pant, but if you have only the pluck to keep on, you get your second wind. I'll stick to my work and wait for my second wind. If it never comes — all the same, I'll stick to my work. Two ledgers are done, and I am well on in the third. The rascal has covered his tracks well, but I pick them up for all that.

"These you can consult at your leisure," said he. "I have some notes here which you can confirm. There is not a doubt that what you have seen is the murder of Rizzio by the Scottish nobles in the presence of Mary, which occurred in March, 1566. Your description of the woman is accurate. The high forehead and heavy eyelids combined with great beauty could hardly apply to two women. The tall young man was her husband, Darnley. Rizzio, says the chronicle, 'was dressed in a loose dressing-gown of furred damask, with hose of russet velvet.' With one hand he clutched Mary's gown, with the other he held a dagger. Your fierce, hollow-eyed man was Ruthven, who was new-risen from a bed of sickness. Every detail is exact."

There's an old silver-framed mirror in my room. It was given me by a friend who had a taste for antiquities, and he, as I happen to know, picked it up at a sale and had no notion where it came from. It's a large thing — three feet across and two feet high — and it leans at the back of a side-table on my left as I write. The frame is flat, about three inches across, and very old; far too old for hall-marks or other methods of determining its age. The glass part projects, with a bevelled edge, and has the magnificent reflecting power which is only, as it seems to me, to be found in very old mirrors. There's a feeling of perspective when you look into it such as no modern glass can ever give.

One other detail: On the left side of the skirt of the black dress was, as I thought at first, a shapeless bunch of white ribbon. Then, as I looked more intently or as the vision defined itself more clearly, I perceived what it was. It was the hand of a man, clenched and knotted in agony, which held on with a convulsive grasp to the fold of the dress. The rest of the crouching figure was a mere vague outline, but that strenuous hand shone clear on the dark background, with a sinister suggestion of tragedy in its frantic clutch. The man is frightened-horribly frightened. That I can clearly discern. What has terrified him so? Why does he grip the woman's dress? The answer lies amongst those moving figures in the background. They have brought danger both to him and to her. The interest of the thing fascinated me. I thought no more of its relation to my own nerves. I stared and stared as if in a theatre. But I could get no farther. The mist thinned. There were tumultuous movements in which all the figures were vaguely concerned. Then the mirror was clear once more.

Absolute Abweichung der gemessenen Abmessungen vom Idealwert (mm): Länge (0,44), Breite (0,42), Breite erhabener Merkmale (0,16), minimale Länge erhabener Merkmale (0,09)

The story follows an accountant who is tasked with examining the financial records of a bankrupt company. While working late at night, he becomes transfixed by visions in an old silver mirror in his room. The visions depict a dramatic historical scene involving a woman, a crouching man, and several other figures. As the accountant continues to have these visions, he seeks the advice of a doctor who helps him identify the scene as the murder of David Rizzio in the presence of Mary, Queen of Scots. The accountant becomes increasingly obsessed with the mirror and the visions it shows, eventually collapsing from the strain. He later wakes up in a hospital, having completed his work on the financial records.

Die Auflösung ist beim 3D-Druck ein Thema, das viel diskutiert, aber häufig missverstanden wird. Die Vielfalt der 3D-Drucktechnologien und die wachsende Zahl der Hersteller haben die Angelegenheit noch komplizierter gemacht. Durch die Einführung der maskierten Stereolithographie (MSLA), bei der das Licht mit einem LCD-Bildschirm selektiv maskiert wird, um nur die vorgesehenen Bereiche des flüssigen Kunstharzes zu belichten, erhält die Debatte rund um die Auflösung eine neue Ebene. MSLA-3D-Drucker erfreuen sich großer Beliebtheit, denn sie sind in der Lage, hochwertige Teile in kürzester Zeit zu drucken.

Obwohl Druckerhersteller die Pixelgröße umstandslos als das A und O der 3D-Druckauflösung anpreisen, ist die Wahrheit (und der tatsächliche Effekt) etwas komplizierter.

Jan. 20. — My work draws to a close, and it is time. I feel a tenseness within my brain, a sense of intolerable strain, which warns me that something must give. I have worked myself to the limit. But tonight should be the last night. With a supreme effort I should finish the final ledger and complete the case before I rise from my chair. I will do it. I will.

But I saw more tonight. The crouching man was as visible as the lady whose gown he clutched. He is a little swarthy fellow, with a black-pointed beard. He has a loose gown of damask trimmed with fur. The prevailing tints of his dress are red. What a fright the fellow is in, to be sure! He cowers and shivers and glares back over his shoulder. There is a small knife in his other hand, but he is far too tremulous and cowed to use it. Dimly now I begin to see the figures in the background. Fierce faces, bearded and dark, shape themselves out of the mist. There is one terrible creature, a skeleton of a man, with hollow cheeks and eyes sunk in his head. He also has a knife in his hand. On the right of the woman stands a tall man, very young, with flaxen hair, his face sullen and dour. The beautiful woman looks up at him in appeal. So does the man on the ground. This youth seems to be the arbiter of their fate. The crouching man draws closer and hides himself in the woman's skirts. The tall youth bends and tries to drag her away from him. So much I saw last night before the mirror cleared. Shall I never know what it leads to and whence it comes? It is not a mere imagination, of that I am very sure. Somewhere, some time, this scene has been acted, and this old mirror has reflected it. But when — where?

Jan. 3. — This affair of White and Wotherspoon's accounts proves to be a gigantic task. There are twenty thick ledgers to be examined and checked. Who would be a junior partner? However, it is the first big bit of business which has been left entirely in my hands. I must justify it. But it has to be finished so that the lawyers may have the result in time for the trial. Johnson said this morning that I should have to get the last figure out before the twentieth of the month. Good Lord! Well, have at it, and if human brain and nerve can stand the strain, I'll win out at the other side. It means office-work from ten to five, and then a second sitting from about eight to one in the morning. There's drama in an accountant's life. When I find myself in the still early hours, while all the world sleeps, hunting through column after column for those missing figures which will turn a respected alderman into a felon, I understand that it is not such a prosaic profession after all.

Wie bereits erwähnt, scheint die Pixelgröße oder die Laserspotgröße intuitiv ein einfacher Maßstab für die Größe positiver Merkmale zu sein. In der Praxis gibt es allerdings keine Drucker, die einzelne positive Merkmale in der Größe einzelner Pixel – 20 µm, 30 µm, 50 µm oder 80 µm – produzieren können. Stattdessen sind die Faktoren, die die minimale Strukturgröße wirklich beeinflussen, die Temperatur, die mechanische Wiederholbarkeit und die optische Konsistenz. Wie die Fotos zeigen, bietet der Form 4 einige der besten Minimalwerte. Alle Drucker hatten Schwierigkeiten, sämtliche Negativkanäle fertigzustellen, aber Form 4 und Drucker D gaben vier von fünf Kanälen klar wieder, während Form 3+ und Drucker C nur drei von fünf Kanälen erstellen konnten.

By the way, I may as well set down here the queer experience which drove me this second time to the doctor. I'll keep an exact record of my symptoms and sensations, because they are interesting in themselves — "a curious psycho-physiological study," says the doctor — and also because I am perfectly certain that when I am through with them they will all seem blurred and unreal, like some queer dream betwixt sleeping and waking. So now, while they are fresh, I will just make a note of them, if only as a change of thought after the endless figures.

I suppose it was about one in the morning, and I was closing my books preparatory to staggering off to bed, when I saw her there in front of me. The stage of mistiness and development must have passed unobserved, and there she was in all her beauty and passion and distress, as clear-cut as if she were really in the flesh before me. The figure was small, but very distinct — so much so that every feature, and every detail of dress, are stamped in my memory. She is seated on the extreme left of the mirror. A sort of shadowy figure crouches down beside her — I can dimly discern that it is a man — and then behind them is cloud, in which I see figures — figures which move. It is not a mere picture upon which I look. It is a scene in life, an actual episode. She crouches and quivers. The man beside her cowers down. The vague figures make abrupt movements and gestures. All my fears were swallowed up in my interest. It was maddening to see so much and not to see more.

It was the same scene and the same figures, but the drama had advanced a stage. The tall young man was holding the woman in his arms. She strained away from him and looked up at him with loathing in her face. They had torn the crouching man away from his hold upon the skirt of her dress. A dozen of them were round him — savage men, bearded men. They hacked at him with knives. All seemed to strike him together. Their arms rose and fell. The blood did not flow from him-it squirted. His red dress was dabbled in it. He threw himself this way and that, purple upon crimson, like an over-ripe plum. Still they hacked, and still the jets shot from him. It was horrible — horrible! They dragged him kicking to the door. The woman looked over her shoulder at him and her mouth gaped. I heard nothing, but I knew that she was screaming. And then, whether it was this nerve-racking vision before me, or whether, my task finished, all the overwork of the past weeks came in one crushing weight upon me, the room danced round me, the floor seemed to sink away beneath my feet, and I remembered no more. In the early morning my landlady found me stretched senseless before the silver mirror, but I knew nothing myself until three days ago I awoke in the deep peace of the doctor's nursing home.

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Later.-He has just left me. Let me set down his words as closely as I can recall them. He began by laying several musty volumes upon my bed.

Jan. 9. — I had not meant to go to the doctor again. And yet I have had to. "Straining my nerves, risking a complete breakdown, even endangering my sanity." That's a nice sentence to have fired off at one. Well, I'll stand the strain and I'll take the risk, and so long as I can sit in my chair and move a pen I'll follow the old sinner's slot.

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Bei der Entwicklung der Light Processing Unit des Form 4 hat Formlabs die Wechselwirkung zwischen Pixelgröße, Geschwindigkeit, Zuverlässigkeit und Lebensdauer der Komponenten sorgfältig abgewogen. Da die Pixelgröße des LCD-Bildschirms keinen spürbaren Einfluss auf die drei wichtigsten Charakteristika der Auflösung hat, bedeutet eine höhere Pixelgröße keinen Kompromiss – sondern eine Investition in Leistung und Geschwindigkeit.

Jan. 11. — All well, and good progress with my work. I wind the net, coil after coil, round that bulky body. But the last smile may remain with him if my own nerves break over it. The mirror would seem to be a sort of barometer which marks my brain-pressure. Each night I have observed that it had clouded before I reached the end of my task.

Jan. 17. — For three nights I have had no experiences — my day of rest has borne fruit. Only a quarter of my task is left, but I must make a forced march, for the lawyers are clamouring for their material. I will give them enough and to spare. I have him fast on a hundred counts. When they realize what a slippery, cunning rascal he is, I should gain some credit from the case. False trading accounts, false balance-sheets, dividends drawn from capital, losses written down as profits, suppression of working expenses, manipulation of petty cash — it is a fine record!

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Jede dieser Eigenschaften kann durch nahezu jeden Schlüsselaspekt des Systems, der Optik, der Materialien und des Druckprozesses und seiner Parameter erheblich beeinflusst werden. Es ist nicht möglich, einzelne Eingangsparameter direkt mit bestimmten Resultaten gleichzusetzen – außer als Grenzwert.

"Because you were in the fit mental state to receive the impression. Because you chanced to own the mirror which gave the impression."

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Das Design des Druckers, einschließlich der Pixelgröße als eines von vielen Charakteristika, hat Auswirkungen auf drei wichtige Eigenschaften der Druckteile. Diese Eigenschaften – Oberflächenqualität, minimale Strukturgröße und Maßgenauigkeit – sind messbar und standardisiert, aber da sie durch eine komplexe Kombination von Prozessen und Komponenten beeinflusst werden, sind sie schwieriger zu erfassen. Eine etwas größere Pixelgröße wirkt sich weniger stark aus als die Qualität, die Konsistenz und die Uniformität des Lichts, welches das Pixel abdeckt oder durchlässt.

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Kunstharz-3D-Drucker verfügen entweder über einen Laser (laserbasierte SLA), einen digitalen Lichtprojektor (DLP) oder eine Lichtverarbeitungseinheit (meist ein LCD-Bildschirm), die eine Lichtquelle wie etwa eine Reihe LEDs selektiv maskiert (MSLA).

Oberflächenqualität, Merkmalsgröße und Genauigkeit werden von allen Komponenten des 3D-Druckers und des Druckprozesses beeinflusst. Einzelne Faktoren wie die Pixelgröße können theoretische Untergrenzen festlegen, die in realistischen Situationen aber nicht vorkommen. Zum Beispiel könnte eine Pixel- oder Laserspotgröße von 80 Mikrometern theoretisch die Mindestgröße zur Aushärtung einzelner positiver Merkmale (wie des Durchmessers eines zylindrischen Stifts) festlegen, doch die auf das Teil wirkenden Abzugskräfte wären zu stark und würden zu einem Fehldruck führen. Deshalb liegt der tatsächliche Mindestdurchmesser für solche Stifte bei etwa 500 Mikrometern.

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Dr. Sinclair (who is, it seems, a bit of a psychologist) was so interested in my account that he came round this evening to have a look at the mirror. I had observed that something was scribbled in crabbed old characters upon the metal-work at the back. He examined this with a lens, but could make nothing of it. "Sanc. X. Pal." was his final reading of it, but that did not bring us any farther. He advised me to put it away into another room; but, after all, whatever I may see in it is, by his own account only a symptom. It is in the cause that the danger lies. The twenty ledgers — not the silver mirror — should be packed away if I could only do it. I'm at the eighth now, so I progress.

"Exactly. Your mirror came from Holyrood. You have had one very singular experience, and have escaped. I trust that you will never put yourself into the way of having such another."

Let me explain in the first instance that I am writing this in Dr. Sinclair's private hospital some three weeks after the last entry in my diary. On the night of January 20 my nervous system finally gave way, and I remembered nothing afterwards until I found myself three days ago in this home of rest. And I can rest with a good conscience. My work was done before I went under. My figures are in the solicitors' hands. The hunt is over.

Die Pixel- oder Laserspotgröße stellt beispielsweise eine Untergrenze für die Größe positiver Merkmale in der horizontalen Ebene dar (d. h. es kann kein positives Merkmal geben, das kleiner als die Pixel- oder Spotgröße ist). In der Regel liegt die minimale Strukturgröße jedoch weit über diesem Grenzwert (oft weit über 100 µm), was auf mehrere Faktoren zurückzuführen ist, wie z. B. die Abzugskräfte.

Trotz des Fokus auf die Anzahl der Pixel oder die Größe der einzelnen Pixel zählen für die meisten Menschen beim 3D-Druck vor allem die greifbaren Ergebnisse: Oberflächengüte, Maßgenauigkeit und die minimale Strukturgröße. Die Pixelgröße ist jedoch nur einer von vielen Faktoren, die darauf Einfluss haben: Das Druckergebnis hängt von einer ganzen Reihe von Gesichtspunkten ab, etwa Materialeigenschaften, optischen Einstellungen, mechanischer Konsistenz und mehr.

The mirror in its silver frame was like a stage, brilliantly lit, in which a drama was in progress. There was no mist now. The oppression of my nerves had wrought this amazing clarity. Every feature, every movement, was as clear-cut as in life. To think that I, a tired accountant, the most prosaic of mankind, with the account-books of a swindling bankrupt before me, should be chosen of all the human race to look upon such a scene!

Then, as I looked, the mist, or smoke, or cloud, or whatever one may call it, seemed to coalesce and solidify at two points quite close together, and I was aware, with a thrill of interest rather than of fear, that these were two eyes looking out into the room. A vague outline of a head I could see — a woman's by the hair, but this was very shadowy. Only the eyes were quite distinct; such eyes — dark, luminous, filled with some passionate emotion, fury or horror, I could not say which. Never have I seen eyes which were so full of intense, vivid life. They were not fixed upon me, but stared out into the room. Then as I sat erect, passed my hand over my brow, and made a strong conscious effort to pull myself together, the dim head faded into the general opacity, the mirror slowly cleared, and there were the red curtains once again.

Die Oberflächenbeschaffenheit ist mit bloßem Auge praktisch nicht zu unterscheiden. Gekrümmte Oberflächen erscheinen glatt, Kanten sind scharf, und sowohl positive als auch negative oder eingravierte Merkmale sind klar umrissen. Der geprägte Text ist detailliert, gut lesbar und gleichmäßig auf der Oberfläche erhaben.

Vergleicht man die Punktspreizfunktion (PSF) des Form 4 mit der des Form 3, so lässt sich feststellen, dass beide Drucker ein hochkonzentriertes Licht erzeugen, das sich in der Mitte des Pixels oder des Laserspots bündelt – was sich direkt auf die Auflösung auswirkt.

Die Auflösung von LCD-Bildschirmen wird in der Regel anhand der Anzahl der Pixel auf ihrer Längsachse gemessen – eine Kennzahl, die den meisten von digitalen Bildschirmen in Telefonen, Fernsehern und Tablets vertraut ist. Dabei wird nicht nur die Pixelanzahl hervorgehoben, sondern auch die Größe der einzelnen Pixel – mit der Begründung: je kleiner die Pixel, desto höher die Auflösung.

Jan. 13.-Perhaps it would have been wiser after all if I had packed away the mirror. I had an extraordinary experience with it last night. And yet I find it so interesting, so fascinating, that even now I will keep it in its place. What on earth is the meaning of it all?

Laserbasierte SLA-3D-Drucker haben in der Regel eine sehr hohe Auflösung, da der Laser in der XY-Ebene präzise gesteuert werden kann und eine kleine Spotgröße hat. Diese Eigenschaften sind jedoch nur ein Faktor – die tatsächliche minimale Merkmalsgröße wird von mehreren weiteren Faktoren beeinflusst, sodass die Druckergebnisse mit professionellen MSLA-Druckern ohne Laser vergleichbar sind. Außerdem haben SLA-Drucker mit einem Laser als Lichtquelle oft längere Druckzeiten, weil der Querschnitt des Teils über die gesamte Schicht nachgezeichnet werden muss.

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Die Auflösung von DLP-3D-Druckern verringert sich mit steigendem Fertigungsvolumen, da keine Projektoren mit signifikant höherer Pixelzahl verfügbar sind. Somit müssen Hersteller bei gleichbleibender Pixelzahl den Abstand von der Lichtquelle vergrößern, was zu einer verringerten Auflösung und Druckqualität führt.

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Beim DLP-3D-Druck wird die XY-Auflösung von der Pixelgröße bestimmt, dem kleinsten Merkmal, das der Projektor in einer einzelnen Schicht reproduzieren kann. Dies hängt von der Auflösung des Projektors – Full-HD (1080p) ist die häufigste – sowie vom Abstand zum optischen Fenster ab. Darum haben die meisten DLP-3D-Drucker im Desktop-Format eine feste XY-Auflösung, die im Allgemeinen zwischen 35 und 100 Mikrometern liegt.

Jan. 6. — What perfect nonsense it is for doctors to prescribe rest when rest is out of the question! Asses! They might as well shout to a man who has a pack of wolves at his heels that what he wants is absolute quiet. My figures must be out by a certain date; unless they are so, I shall lose the chance of my lifetime, so how on earth am I to rest? I'll take a week or so after the trial.

And now I must describe that last night. I had sworn to finish my work, and so intently did I stick to it, though my head was bursting, that I would never look up until the last column had been added. And yet it was fine self-restraint, for all the time I knew that wonderful things were happening in the mirror. Every nerve in my body told me so. If I looked up there was an end of my work. So I did not look up till all was finished. Then, when at last with throbbing temples I threw down my pen and raised my eyes, what a sight was there!

Wie die Scans zeigen, führt eine geringere Pixel- oder Laserpunktgröße nicht zwangsläufig zu einer höheren Maßgenauigkeit. Die Dentalmodelle aus Druckern mit „größeren“ einzelnen Lichtpunkten sind nahezu vollkommen maßstabsgetreu: Das Zahnmodell aus dem Form 4 ist genauer als das auf Drucker C hergestellte, obwohl Drucker C eine kleinere Pixelgröße hat.

But I can at least describe the woman to the smallest point. She is very beautiful and quite young — not more than five-and-twenty, I should judge. Her hair is of a very rich brown, with a warm chestnut shade fining into gold at the edges. A little flat-pointed cap comes to an angle in front, and is made of lace edged with pearls. The forehead is high, too high perhaps for perfect beauty; but one would not have it otherwise, as it gives a touch of power and strength to what would otherwise be a softly feminine face. The brows are most delicately curved over heavy eyelids, and then come those wonderful eyes — so large, so dark, so full of over-mastering emotion, of rage and horror, contending with a pride of self-control which holds her from sheer frenzy! The cheeks are pale, the lips white with agony, the chin and throat most exquisitely rounded. The figure sits and leans forward in the chair, straining and rigid, cataleptic with horror. The dress is black velvet, a jewel gleams like a flame in the breast, and a golden crucifix smoulders in the shadow of a fold. This is the lady whose image still lives in the old silver mirror. What dire deed could it be which has left its impress there, so that now, in another age, if the spirit of a man be but worn down to it, he may be conscious of its presence?

Absolute Abweichung der gemessenen Abmessungen vom Idealwert (mm): Länge (+0,77), Breite (-0,37), Breite erhabener Merkmale (-0,371), minimale Länge erhabener Merkmale (-0,052)

Bei MSLA-3D-Druckern, die das Licht mithilfe von LCD-Bildschirmen maskieren, ist das tatsächliche, auf das Kunstharz projizierte Bild in der Regel deutlich größer und diffuser als das ursprüngliche Pixel. Dieser Effekt wird als Punktspreizfunktion (PSF) bezeichnet: die Art und Weise, wie ein ursprüngliches oder idealisiertes Bild durch den Projektionsprozess unscharf wird. Bei MSLA-Druckern ist also die Pixelgröße weniger entscheidend als die Leistungsverteilung und die Form des auf das Kunstharz treffenden Lichts.

Um mehr über die nächste Generation des SLA-3D-Drucks zu erfahren, lernen Sie den Form 4 kennen. Sind Sie neugierig auf die Oberflächenqualität, die minimale Strukturgröße und die Maßgenauigkeit, die mit der LFD-Technologie des Form 4 möglich sind? Dann fordern Sie einen kostenlosen Probedruck an, der an Ihren Arbeitsplatz gesendet wird.

Vergleicht man die PSF des Form 4 (bei dem das Licht durch einen aus 50 µm großen Pixeln bestehenden LCD-Bildschirm projiziert wird) mit dem Form 3+ (bei dem das Licht von einem Laser mit einer Spotgröße von 80 µm stammt), so zeigt sich, dass der Form 4 konzentriertes, direktes Licht einsetzt, wobei die höchste Energiedichte in der Mitte des Pixels gebündelt ist.

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The mirror is so situated that as I sit at the table I can usually see nothing in it but the reflection of the red window curtains. But a queer thing happened last night. I had been working for some hours, very much against the grain, with continual bouts of that mistiness of which I had complained. Again and again I had to stop and clear my eyes. Well, on one of these occasions I chanced to look at the mirror. It had the oddest appearance. The red curtains which should have been reflected in it were no longer there, but the glass seemed to be clouded and steamy, not on the surface, which glittered like steel, but deep down in the very grain of it. This opacity, when I stared hard at it, appeared to slowly rotate this way and that, until it was a thick white cloud swirling in heavy wreaths. So real and solid was it, and so reasonable was I, that I remember turning, with the idea that the curtains were on fire. But everything was deadly still in the room — no sound save the ticking of the clock, no movement save the slow gyration of that strange woolly cloud deep in the heart of the old mirror.

Jan. 18. — Headaches, nervous twitches, mistiness, fullness of the temples — all the premonitions of trouble, and the trouble came sure enough. And yet my real sorrow is not so much that the vision should come as that it should cease before all is revealed.

"I am convinced that it was Mary's mirror. She had been Queen of France. Her personal property would be stamped with the Royal arms. What you took to be three spear-heads were really the lilies of France."

Absolute Abweichung der gemessenen Abmessungen vom Idealwert (mm): Länge (0,72), Breite (0,22), Breite erhabener Merkmale (0,12), minimale Länge erhabener Merkmale (0,06)

May 28, 2020 — Fixed ND filters block a fixed f-stop of light from entering your camera. Variable ND filters provide more flexibility. Variable ND filters will ...

Freitragende Wände waren für alle Drucker eine Herausforderung, mit unterschiedlichem Grad der Aufrichtung. Die freitragende Wand mit der größten Wandstärke wurde von jedem Drucker erfolgreich gedruckt, während der Form 4 auch die folgenden vier Wände relativ aufrecht erstellte. Sowohl bei Drucker C als auch bei Drucker D stürzten die ungestützten Wände bei Verringerung der Wandstärke vollkommen ein. Obwohl diese Drucker mit verschiedenen Bereichen des Testmodells Probleme hatten, korrelierten die Fehldrucke nicht mit der Größe der Pixel- oder Laserpunkte. Daraus lässt sich ableiten, dass die minimale Strukturgröße von mehreren Faktoren abhängt, darunter die Mechanismen des Druckprozesses und die Eigenschaften des Kunstharzes.

Die Strukturgröße oder Merkmalsgröße als Leistungsmaßstab bezieht sich auf die minimale Merkmalsgröße oder die kleinste Struktur, die ein 3D-Drucker herstellen kann. Diese Strukturgröße ändert sich je nachdem, ob es sich etwa um eingravierte Merkmale, geprägte Merkmale, einen hervorstehenden Draht, ein vertieftes Loch oder einen Kanal handelt. Die Merkmale können durch eine einfache Pass/Fail-Prüfung oder mithilfe von Messschiebern, einem CMM oder einem 3D-Scanner gemessen werden.

Die Oberflächenqualität ist entscheidend – sie beeinflusst nicht nur das Aussehen und die Haptik eines Teils, sondern auch, wie dieses Teil in eine bestehende Baugruppe passt oder als Formwerkzeug funktioniert. Die Oberflächengüte lässt sich visuell beurteilen – wie glatt ein Teil also zu sein scheint – oder mit einem Messgerät für die Oberflächenrauheit (Ra) bestimmen. Neben der Pixel- oder Laserspotgröße wird die Oberflächenqualität in erster Linie durch die Schichthöhe in der Z-Achse, die optischen Eigenschaften des Kunstharzes und die Konsistenz der Abläufe zwischen den Schichten (Ablösen und Eintauchen) beeinflusst.

Absolute Abweichung der gemessenen Abmessungen vom Idealwert (mm): Länge (0,38), Breite (0,30), Breite erhabener Merkmale (0,07), minimale Länge erhabener Merkmale (-0,05)

Jan. 14. — Feel perfectly well again, and I intend that nothing else shall stop me until my task is finished. The doctor was shown the marks on the mirror and agreed that they were armorial bearings. He is deeply interested in all that I have told him, and cross-questioned me closely on the details. It amuses me to notice how he is torn in two by conflicting desires — the one that his patient should lose his symptoms, the other that the medium — for so he regards me — should solve this mystery of the past. He advised continued rest, but did not oppose me too violently when I declared that such a thing was out of the question until the ten remaining ledgers have been checked.

"'Sanc. X. Pal.' You can expand it into Sanctae Crucis Palatium. Some one has made a note upon the mirror as to whence it came. It was the Palace of the Holy Cross."

Die Genauigkeit wird mit Messschiebern, einer Koordinatenmessmaschine (CMM), einem 3D-Scanner, Prüfstiften oder anderen Passungstests gemessen. Neben der Pixel- oder Laserspotgröße haben die Drucktemperatur, die mechanische Wiederholbarkeit und die optische Konsistenz maßgeblichen Einfluss auf die Genauigkeit.

A sceptic would say, no doubt, that I had dropped asleep over my figures, and that my experience was a dream. As a matter of fact, I was never more vividly awake in my life. I was able to argue about it even as I looked at it, and to tell myself that it was a subjective impression — a chimera of the nerves — begotten by worry and insomnia. But why this particular shape? And who is the woman, and what is the dreadful emotion which I read in those wonderful brown eyes? They come between me and my work. For the first time I have done less than the daily tally which I had marked out. Perhaps that is why I have had no abnormal sensations tonight. Tomorrow I must wake up, come what may.

Anhand des Drucks und der Analyse mehrerer Teile aus dem Form 4 (Desktop-MSLA, 50 µm Pixelgröße, 10" 4K-Bildschirm), Form 3+ (laserbasierte SLA mit 85 µm Laserspotgröße), Drucker C (Desktop-MSLA, 28 µm Pixelgröße, 9" 8K-Bildschirm) und Drucker D (Desktop-MSLA, 19 x 24 µm Pixelgröße, 9" 12K-Bildschirm) werden wir demonstrieren, dass die gängige Kennzahl der Auflösung keinen direkte Effekt auf das Druckergebnis hat.

On Monday I came on the first trace of defalcation. No heavy game hunter ever got a finer thrill when first he caught sight of the trail of his quarry. But I look at the twenty ledgers and think of the jungle through which I have to follow him before I get my kill. Hard work — but rare sport, too, in a way! I saw the fat fellow once at a City dinner, his red face glowing above a white napkin. He looked at the little pale man at the end of the table. He would have been pale too if he could have seen the task that would be mine.

Obwohl die individuelle Pixelgröße beim Form 4 größer ist als bei einigen Konkurrenten, zeigen die Testergebnisse, dass der Drucker im Vergleich zu MSLA-3D-Druckern mit kleineren Pixelgrößen eine vergleichbare, wenn nicht sogar bessere Oberflächengüte, Maßgenauigkeit und minimale Strukturgröße erreicht. Indem unser Team das ideale Gleichgewicht erarbeitete, war es außerdem in der Lage, den Form 4 im Hinblick auf andere Kriterien zu optimieren, die für Kunden entscheidend sind – schnellere Druckzeiten, höhere Zuverlässigkeit und eine wesentlich längere Lebensdauer der Komponenten.

Die Auflösung hängt nicht nur von der Größe und Form des Lichts ab, das einen LCD-Bildschirm passiert oder von einem Laser oder Lichtprojektor ausgestrahlt wird. Sie ist auch von der PSF dieses Lichts, den Druckprozessen, der mechanischen Konsistenz und den optischen Eigenschaften des Kunstharzes abhängig. Die Auflösung sollte als nur ein Faktor betrachtet werden, wenn es um die erreichbare Oberflächengüte, Merkmalsgröße und Maßgenauigkeit geht. Diese Informationen und Perspektiven können bei der Entscheidung helfen, welcher Drucker am besten für Ihre spezifischen Bedürfnisse geeignet ist.

Feb. 9. — Only today have I told Dr. Sinclair my full experience. He had not allowed me to speak of such matters before. He listened with an absorbed interest. "You don't identify this with any well-known scene in history?" he asked, with suspicion in his eyes. I assured him that I knew nothing of history. "Have you no idea whence that mirror came and to whom it once belonged?" he continued. "Have you?" I asked, for he spoke with meaning. "It's incredible," said he, "and yet how else can one explain it? The scenes which you described before suggested it, but now it has gone beyond all range of coincidence. I will bring you some notes in the evening."