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By convention, the modulation transfer function is normalized to unity at zero spatial frequency. For low spatial frequencies, the modulation transfer function is close to 1 (or 100%) and generally falls as the spatial frequency increases until it reaches zero. The contrast values are lower for higher spatial frequencies as shown above. As spatial frequency increases, the MTF curve falls until it reaches zero. This is the limit of resolution for a given optical system or what is known as the cut off frequency (see figure below). When the contrast value reaches zero, the image becomes a uniform shade of grey.

He eventually had the chip removed, but he continued to willingly serve the Empire, and desired to reunite with his former teammates, albeit under the Imperial regime. This failed, however, and after escaping alongside his former squadmates during the destruction of Tipoca City on Kamino, Crosshair decides to remain with the Empire and the rest of the Bad Batch depart without him.

Crosshair's skin was also lighter than his regular brother's, although his eyes were brown like theirs. His hair was light grey and cut into a buzz cut. A thin semicircle marking with a pair of long perpendicular lines running through it was carved under his right eye, a feature that was reminiscent of a crosshair on a firearm (hence his name).

Sep 19, 2022 — The objective and ocular lens are found on different parts of the microscope. The ocular lens is part of the eyepiece and therefore closer to ...

Crosshair was more slender than his brothers, and stood ten centimeters taller than the standard 1.83 meters. His head was also slimmer, featuring sharper features and higher cheekbones that when coupled together made his face look gaunt.

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Five months later, during a visit from Emperor Palpatine himself, Omega seizes the opportunity to escape from Tantiss with an initially reluctant Crosshair and the tamed lurca hound Batcher, thanks to the secret help of Nala Se. The trio subsequently crash lands on the planet Lau where after attempting to leave the planet by collecting a large sum of credits and confronting local Imperial forces, they end up reuniting with Hunter and Wrecker on the moon of Ryloth. Of course, the reunion between Crosshair and his former brothers (mostly Hunter) in arms remained tense due to their previous conflict, but after he saved them from an eel and owning up for his past actions, he reconciled with them and ultimately rejoined their squad.

modulation transfer function中文

Modern MTF- Testers like the ImageMaster® use a single illuminated slit on an opaque background as the object. From a mathematical point of view a single slit can be regarded as the sum over all spatial frequencies (Fourier synthesis). All frequencies contribute with the same amplitude (=1) to this slit, not taking the finite slit width into account for this description. This single slit will be imaged into the image plane of the sample. Due to diffraction and aberrations, there will be no perfect slit image in this plane, instead the slit image is broadened. It represents the Line Spread Function (LSF).

Defeat the Separatist Alliance and win the Clone Wars (indirectly succeeded).Hunt down and eliminate Clone Force 99.Recruit Clone Force 99 back into the Empire.Find purpose by serving the Empire (all failed and abandoned).Escape Dr. Royce Hemlock's compound.Rejoin Clone Force 99 with Omega.Rescue the Clone prisoners on Mount Tantiss. Redeem himself for his past mistakes (all succeeded).

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Despite being one of the main characters of The Bad Batch, he becomes a villain and turns against the other members of Clone Force 99 after Order 66 was executed in the pilot episode, believing he has a purpose in the Empire. Due to this, he serves as the secondary antagonist of Season 1 and Hunter's archenemy. However, he later had a change of heart in Season 2 after his fellow clone Mayday died due to Lieutenant Nolan refusing to give him a medic, which led to him redeeming himself and ending up rejoining Clone Force 99 shortly afterwards, with Dr. Royce Hemlock being his new and actual archenemy due to imprisoning him on Mount Tantiss.

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Unlike regular clone troopers whose only defining features were various cosmetics, Crosshair was not an identical copy of his genetic donor Jango Fett.

Come see TRIOPTICS consultant Daniel Winters present: Metrology and alignment solutions applied for pancake lenses used in VR systems

For years, the ImageMaster® PRO product family has set the global standard for testing the imaging quality of mobile phone camera lenses in mass production.

Modulation transfer function

Evil-doer Empire Republic/Renegade Full Name CT-9904 Alias CrosshairCommander CT-9904Havoc 4 Origin Star Wars: The Clone Wars Occupation Clone Commando in the Grand Army of the RepublicClone Commander in the Imperial Stormtrooper Corps and the Imperial Special ForcesCommanding Officer of the Empire's first Elite SquadMember of Project War-Mantle (all formerly)Member of Clone Force 99 Powers / Skills Master marksmanshipExpert tacticianExpert combatant Hobby Destroying battle droids.Following orders.Chewing toothpicks. Goals Defeat the Separatist Alliance and win the Clone Wars (indirectly succeeded).Hunt down and eliminate Clone Force 99.Recruit Clone Force 99 back into the Empire.Find purpose by serving the Empire (all failed and abandoned).Escape Dr. Royce Hemlock's compound.Rejoin Clone Force 99 with Omega.Rescue the Clone prisoners on Mount Tantiss. Redeem himself for his past mistakes (all succeeded). Crimes Mass murderWar crimesTerrorismHigh treasonAssaultCorruptionKidnappingJailbreakUnlawful imprisonmentAttempted fratricideAttempted sororicideCrimes against the galaxy Type of Villain Traitorous Enforcer

The modulation transfer function (MTF) is the generally accepted and fundamental parameter for the characterization of optical systems worldwide. MTF is a quantitative measure as well as an objective criterion for the imaging quality of optics.

The MTF measurement can be accomplished at a single wavelength or in a spectral range covering a finite band of wavelengths. The resulting measurement data are known as monochromatic or polychromatic MTF values, respectively.

With the three new developments of the ImageMaster® PRO series TRIOPTICS underlines its technology leadership also for the production of future mobile phone camera lenses.

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The Modulation Transfer Function (MTF), describing the resolution and performance of an optical system, is the ratio of relative image contrast divided by relative object contrast.

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As a result, in the image, bright highlights will not appear as bright as they do in the object, and dark or shadowed areas will not be as black as those observed in the original patterns. In general, an illuminated target can be defined by its spatial frequency (number of bright and dark areas per millimeter) and the contrast (the apparent difference in brightness between bright and dark areas of the image).

MTF is used for a wide range of optics from simple components such as spherical single lenses to complex lenses. Examples include photolithographic optics, intraocular lenses, endoscopes, riflescopes, telescopes, spotting scopes, binoculars, AR/VR optics, cine lenses, automotive lenses and many others.

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Definition of light microscopy ... The simplest light microscope consists of an objective lens and an eyepiece. Microscope objectives and eyepieces usually ...

The Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) is an important aid to objective evaluation of the image-forming capability of optical systems. Not only that, the MTF also provides a means of expressing the imaging quality of optical systems objectively and quantitatively, but it can be calculated from the lens design data. In this way it allows optical and systems designers to predict reliably the performance of the optical systems. Manufacturers can compare the image quality of the manufactured lenses with the design expectations.

Crosshair is then taken to Mount Tantiss where Dr. Royce Hemlock and his scientific assistants use him as a subject of experiment. When Hemlock becomes interested in capturing Omega, Crosshair manages to briefly escape to send a message to his former teammates to warn them of the danger, only to be captured afterwards. Despite Crosshair's efforts, Omega ends up capturing and taking on Tantiss.

Despite his loyalty to the Empire, Crosshair took an immediate disliking and even hatred for the non-clone Elite Squad he was assigned to command, often feeling a sense of alienation and even questions their own ability to act as soldiers. In addition, his new squad shows little to no respect or regard for their commanding officer, despite Crosshair being the more higher-ranked and experienced in the group.

The MTF is a function dependent on the spatial frequency, which is defined as the ratio between the amplitude of the sinusoidal curve on the image, and the ...

CT-9904 (nicknamed "Crosshair") is one of the four tritagonists of the Bad Batch arc of Season 7 of Star Wars: The Clone Wars and one of the three tritagonists in its 2021 spin-off/sequel Disney+ animated series Star Wars: The Bad Batch.

After a botched attempt to kill his brothers resulted in him suffering a large third-degree burn on the right side of his head near his inhibitor chip, Crosshair was forced to shave his hair off.

TRIOPTICS offers a broad product portfolio in the field of MTF measurement. This also includes model variants for measurement requirements that result from the latest technology trends for smartphone camera optics.

A genetically defective clone of Jango Fett, Crosshair served as a sniper in the Grand Army of the Republic during the Clone Wars. He was a member of Clone Force 99, also known as the Bad Batch, a squad of elite clone commandos who each bore favorable genetic mutations that gave them individually unique skills and abilities.

He also seemed to be very distrusting with regular clones, implied to be steering from a feeling of rejection and being ostracized by them, feeling excluded from the Clone Brotherhood, which he thankfully found one with Clone Force 99, who were also viewed as Outcasts among the rest of their brethren. Despite his detached demeanor, Crosshair cared greatly for his brothers and valued them as family (even still yearned for their company, even after deserting the Empire, which Crosshair stayed and secretly wished they had with him).

The modulation transfer function varies in relation to the spatial frequency and also with the position in the field of view. The MTF measurement along the axis of symmetry of the optical system is known as on-axis measurement.

High-resolution, professional photography and the zoom capability of cameras are two further key drivers for the future. All three trends cause new challenges for measurement technology, for which TRIOPTICS is introducing customized measurement solutions for image quality testing.

At first, he wore grey armor consisting of a helmet with a circle on the right and a pointy end. He also had red shoulder plates. He also wears a backpack which he uses to hold his sniper. After his fall, he abandoned this armor and gained one similar to his previous armor but with several modifications. His visor changed to a green colored one that was straight and the helmet now gained breathing holes. He seemingly lost it once on Tipoca City and again on Barton-4 where it was buried for good. The rest of his Imperial Armor was confiscated on Mount Tantiss. After escaping and rejoining the Bad Batch, he got back his old equipment, where it was revealed Wrecker kept it because it felt wrong for him to throw it away. It was painted in all black on the way to rescue Omega.

Crosshair is later enlisted for the mission on Barton IV by Lieutenant Nolan, an Imperial officer xenophobic towards Clone Troopers. Arriving on the frozen world, Crosshair slowly befriends the jaded clone commander Mayday, whose opinions on the Empire's mistreatment of clones are openly displayed. Following the thefts of Imperial equipment by insurgents and the deaths of Mayday's last men, Nolan absurdly sends Crosshair and Mayday alone to recover the equipment in the blizzard-plagued landscape. During the trip, Mayday deactivates a pressure grenade that Crosshair had stepped on. Mayday continues to assert the cruelty of the Empire due to their ungrateful orders without helping to continually improve the conditions for success, to which Crosshair begins to acquire. After confronting the insurgents, the two clones discover that the stolen equipment was only TK Trooper armor, replacing them with Clone Troopers, and this pushes Mayday to the breaking point. An avalanche later falls on them but Mayday pushes Crosshair out of the path of a rock before they are submerged in the snow. With Mayday seriously injured, an ailing Crosshair braves the worst weather conditions of Barton IV to return Mayday to the depot. Unfortunately, the indifferent and racist Nolan refuses to provide medical treatment to Mayday who ends up dying from her injuries. Enraged and finally realizing that he and the Clones were just disposable pawns to the Empire, Crosshair mercilessly kills Nolan with a blaster shot to the chest before losing consciousness.

We offer a comprehensive product range for software-supported fully automatic measurement of the modulation transfer function (MTF) for both R&D and production or optics manufacturing.

Clone Commander in the Imperial Stormtrooper Corps and the Imperial Special ForcesCommanding Officer of the Empire's first Elite SquadMember of Project War-Mantle (all formerly)Member of Clone Force 99

The MTF is a tool for optical designers to quantify the overall imaging performance of a system in terms of resolution and contrast. Knowledge of the MTF curves of the lenses and camera sensors involved in an optical system is used for optimization of the optical system performance.

When an object (illuminated target or reticle) is observed with an optical system, the resulting image will be somewhat degraded due to inevitable aberrations and diffraction phenomena. In addition, a real lens will not fully conform with the design data. Manufacturing errors, assembly and alignment errors in the optics will deteriorate the overall imaging performance of the system.

After spending thirty-two days alone, Crosshair was finally rescued by the Empire but was not immediately returned to service due to medical reasons. Things would not go well for Crosshair, as the Imperial Clone Troopers kept their distance from him, making him even more alone. Crosshair later participates in Imperial Governor Grotton's rescue mission on the independent world of Desix but is re-elected by Rampart as a simple subordinate. His mission commander turned out to be his old friend Cody, perhaps his only remaining friend. Ultimately, Crosshair executed Tawni Ames in cold blood on Grotton's orders, which disgusted Cody with the Empire to the point of deserting after the mission, leaving Crosshair permanently embittered.

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One new technology in the mobile phone market is under-display camera technology – camera optics are almost invisibly hidden under full-screen display surfaces.

Usually, the MTF is used in its one-dimensional form, calculated for one azimuthal section through the image plane. The azimuth (section plane) of the object pattern is called the sagittal azimuth when the prolongation of the slit or object passes through the reference axis. When the prolongation of the slit pattern is perpendicular to the reference axis, the azimuth is called the tangential azimuth.

MTFtest

In this so-called finite-finite imaging condition the illuminated slit or crosshair target is directly moved in the object plane of the sample. In the more common infinite-finite imaging condition, the illuminated slit or crosshair is part of a collimator projecting the target to infinity. The collimator is then oriented at different offaxis angles for characterizing the MTF at the corresponding image fields.

Crosshair's hatred for the Elite Squad Troopers caused to him feel lonely and feel like an even bigger outcast than he was with the regular clone troopers to the point where he misses his old squad, wishing they'd join the Empire like he did. This hostility led him to killing one member on Onderon for refusing to execute civilians, and four more in an attempt to convince the Bad Batch to join the Empire willingly.

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With its ImageMaster® product range, TRIOPTICS is the market leader for MTF (modulation transfer function) measurement equipment for high-precision determination of image quality. The ImageMaster® series has been specially developed for measuring the MTF to enable the precise determination of the imaging quality of lenses and optical systems. For this purpose, in addition to the MTF as the generally accepted method for determining the imaging quality of a lens, a variety of other optical parameters are measured.

During Order 66, Crosshair was the only member of the Bad Batch that complied with the order, due to his inhibitor chip being partially activated. However, his inhibitor chip had not fully activated like the regular clones, leading to him sticking with his team, though he chastised them for not following the order. When the Republic was transformed into the Galactic Empire by the Sith Lord Darth Sidious, Crosshair (unwillingly) continued to serve despite the defection of the rest of his team. When Governor Tarkin had the influence of his chip amplified to beyond maximum effect, this led to him betraying and turning against his former team.

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To completely characterize the imaging performance of an optical system, the MTF must be measured at different positions within the field of view. The MTF measurement within the field of view is known as off-axis measurement. In order to achieve an off-axis measurement, the target is moved in the field of view at the desired object position and the image analyzer to the corresponding image position.

Lenses can vary in their imaging quality during production. To meet the often high demands on imaging performance, lenses are characterized and evaluated using MTF as the most important parameter. MTF provides a meaningful quality function for the objective evaluation of optical systems in the optical industry. When it comes to imaging an object with the desired accuracy, MTF data provide the necessary basis for optical design. Resolution and contrast are of particular importance. MTF data can greatly simplify the selection of the appropriate lens for an application.

MTF

Just like the rest of The Clones, Crosshair is voiced by Dee Bradley Baker, who also voices Admiral Trench in the same series, Klaus Heissler in American Dad!, Bubble Bass in SpongeBob SquarePants, and Admiral Kassius Konstantine in Star Wars Rebels.

War crimesTerrorismHigh treasonAssaultCorruptionKidnappingJailbreakUnlawful imprisonmentAttempted fratricideAttempted sororicideCrimes against the galaxy

The contribution of each spatial frequency to the LSF can be calculated on the basis of the Fourier analysis. Actually, the amplitude of each spatial frequency is equal to the contrast at this frequency. The Fourier analysis of the Line Spread Function corresponds to the MTF of the sample. Taking a single image of the LSF unveils the complete MTF.

Alternatively, it is also possible to use a cross (i.e. two perpendicular slits) for the target. This enables the ImageMaster® to measure the MTF in two image directions simultaneously provided a CCD camera is used for the image analyzer. And finally, a pinhole target can be used as the object, too. The image of a pinhole target is called the Point Spread Function. This function contains the complete MTF information in all image directions. The basic terms and mathematical relations used for MTF are described in the ISO 9334 standard.