Fresnel diffraction

Early digital cameras used a variety of formats for storage. Eventually SD cards won the format war, and they are still widely used and readily available. However, the original SD format maxes out at 2GB and is now rare. Cards today far exceed that by using one of two format extensions: SDHC, which maxes out at 32 GB, or SDXC, which maxes out at 2 TB. SDXC support is more future-proof, but SDHC cards are still common and inexpensive. Support for the newer formats is important, because memory card slots are not usually forward compatible.[40]

The following digicams include a 2⁄3-inch CCD sensor, a fixed lens with a maximum aperture of f/2.4 or wider, and SD or CompactFlash (CF) memory card slots. However, none of them support SDHC/SDXC memory cards or AA/AAA batteries.

Fresnel equation

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The transmittance of the material is important to be the influence of the lens, so the high transmittance material Fresnel Factory using is Poly visible (UV CUT).

Fresnel effect

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(If groove pitch is density, then quality of image that is maginifed is clearer.If groove pitch is width, then efficince of concentration of light is higher.)

There has been renewed interest in vintage digital cameras, also known as digicams, due to their ability to take photos with a particular nostalgic look without the expense of analog film.[1][2][3][4] This trend coincides with the resurgence of other early digital and late analog technologies, such as camcorders, film photography, vinyl records, and turntables.[5]

Fresnel pronunciation

This is a list of digicams that contain a 1/1.7″ CCD sensor or larger, include a fixed lens, and support SDHC memory cards and one or more of the following: SDXC memory cards,[6] raw image format capture,[7] and AA or AAA batteries.[a] These are features that help make an old camera easy to use today.

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While there were larger CCD sensors made for interchangeable-lens cameras, such as the Leica M9, CCD sensors in fixed-lens cameras maxed out at 2/3″ (1/1.5″). Premium compact cameras of the time contained sensors around 1/1.7″ in size, whereas entry-level models used 1/2.3″ sensors or smaller.[37][38][39]

Fresnel Blender

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Aug 30, 2022 — Microscopes enlarge, or magnify, the image of an object. Light microscopes combine the magnification of the eyepiece and an objective lens.

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Also we design to use more 3mm Optical PMMA for loner life time and to have 0.5 ~ 1.0mm groove pitch for higher solar concentration.

However because of transmittance rate and other obstructs, multiple 80% is reasonable. Adjusted concentration rate is (14400*0.8)/25 = 460 times

Fresnel Shader

Fresnel lens

Notably, no Fujifilm Super CCD digicams qualify, because none support SDXC, raw capture, or AA/AAA batteries. Arguably their best models ever released, such as the FinePix F31fd, only support xD memory cards, which are now obsolete.

New consumer digital cameras with CCD sensors stopped being released in the early 2010s, and the few that offered USB charging only supported it via a non-standard cable.[42] Proprietary cables, chargers, and batteries can be difficult to come by, especially when discontinued, which makes support for standard AA or AAA batteries (especially rechargeable NiMH cells) a desirable feature.[43]

Concentration rate is ratio between area of solar cell and area of Fresnel lens. Ex) Fresnel lens size 120*120mm → area of lens is 14400mm2 Solar cell size 5*5mm → area of solar cell is 25mm2 Concentration rate is 14400/25 = 576 times

CMOS sensors have entirely replaced CCD sensors in recent consumer digital cameras due to cost effectiveness and high ISO performance. However, in good lighting conditions, many people find that the CCD sensors in digicams yield a more pleasing color rendition than CMOS sensors.[33] Some liken CCD to slide film (also known as positive film) and CMOS to negative film.[36]

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Fresnel lens,also known as threaded lens, is a sheet made of PMMA material,which is also made of glass.the surface of the lens is smooth on one side and the concentric circles on the other side are small to large.its texture is designed according to the dryness of the light involved in the disturbance and the relative sensitivity and acceptance angle requirements.The light enters from one side passes through the Fresnel lens on one side and focuses out to a point or in parallel light.Such lenses are usually designed as collimating mirrors(such as Fresnel lenses for projection,magnifying)and concentrating mirrors(such as Fresenl lenses for collecting heat for solar energy)

While the appeal of digicams stems from the ability of obtain pleasing results with a nostalgic look straight out of camera, capturing in a raw format maximizes the ability to edit an image to one's taste or recover details (such as highlights and shadows) that might otherwise be lost in the JPEG version, especially given the low dynamic range of these small-sensor cameras.[41]

There are hundreds of digicam models — the most popular of which are from the Canon PowerShot ELPH, IXUS, and IXY series — that contain a smaller CCD sensor and support SDXC memory cards.[52] Unfortunately none of them support USB charging.[53] However several dozen, such as the Nikon Coolpix A10, do support AA batteries.[54]

Fresnel Light

Even larger CCD sensors were only included in interchangeable-lens cameras, such as the Canon 1D, Nikon D60, and Leica M9. Nearly all such models were more expensive and less beginner-friendly than the point-and-shoot cameras listed here.

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Although the term “digicam” originated as a syllabic abbreviation for “digital camera”, it is now used primarily to refer to an old compact digital camera or, in other words, a discontinued point-and-shoot camera with a fixed lens.[32][33][34] Digicams emphasize portability and ease of use, and they often include a built-in flash.[35]

From F1.2, the efficency is dramatically droped. It shows there is a certain ratio between focal length of fresnel and diameter of lens.