This is achieved by creating a periodic structure of thin alternating semiconductor layers forming quantum wells. The quantum confinement in these nanoscale wells causes discrete quantized energy subbands to form in the conduction band.

QCLs' narrow laser light bandwidth in automobiles enables direct real-time measurement of critical nitrogen-containing exhaust gas components (NO, N2O, NO2, and NH3) with high precision and sensitivity.

Xu, S., Zhang, S., Kirch, J. D., Gao, H., Wang, Y., Lee, M. L., ... & Mawst, L. J. (2023). 8.1 μm-emitting InP-based quantum cascade laser grown on Si by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Applied Physics Letters, 123(3). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0155202

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Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are a special type of semiconductor laser that emits single charge carrier (electrons) photons in the mid-to-far infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Unlike traditional semiconductor lasers, QCLs operate on intersubband transitions within quantum wells, enabling them to achieve efficient and precise unipolar light emission.

A single QCL may consist of as many as 75 active regions, enabling each electron to generate multiple photons as it traverses the structure. This cascading effect amplifies photon emission and allows QCLs to emit high-power light at specific wavelengths.

Dunn, A., Poyser, C., Dean, P., Demić, A., Valavanis, A., Indjin, D., ... & Kent, A. (2020). High-speed modulation of a terahertz quantum cascade laser by coherent acoustic phonon pulses. Nature communications, 11(1), 835. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14662-w

Besides saliva, another key biological factor that can influence the progression of dental erosion is the pellicle. The salivary, or acquired, pellicle is a protein-based layer that covers all orally exposed surfaces of the teeth. Although this pellicle film can be modified somewhat through brushing, the pellicle film is essentially never removed from the teeth, with the exception of during a dental prophylaxis (prophy). During a prophy, the abrasiveness of prophy pastes is sufficiently high to enable the complete removal of this film from the tooth surface, exposing the natural enamel surface. The reason for removing the pellicle during the prophy is to allow for the complete removal of extrinsic stains from the tooth surface. While chemical cleaning agents like peroxide are able to bleach stains from an intact pellicle, prophy pastes actually remove the pellicle. In order to restore its natural level of protection, the saliva generates a new, fresh pellicle within just a few short hours. Though thin in absolute terms, the pellicle provides protection to the tooth surface against extrinsic acid damage.10,45,48

According to the researchers, this achievement stands out as: "There are no prior reports of QCLs grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on silicon substrates."

In a study published in Nature Communications, researchers successfully controlled terahertz quantum cascade lasers, potentially enabling data transmission rates of 100 gigabits per second.

In a new feature on AZoQuantum, we speak with Associate Professor Kate Brown and Theoretical Physicist Harsh Mathur about their research investigating Modified Newtonian Dynamics and its implications for the Ninth Planet theory.

Quantum cascadelaser applications

NEBOSH certified Mechanical Engineer with 3 years of experience as a technical writer and editor. Owais is interested in occupational health and safety, computer hardware, industrial and mobile robotics. During his academic career, Owais worked on several research projects regarding mobile robots, notably the Autonomous Fire Fighting Mobile Robot. The designed mobile robot could navigate, detect and extinguish fire autonomously. Arduino Uno was used as the microcontroller to control the flame sensors' input and output of the flame extinguisher. Apart from his professional life, Owais is an avid book reader and a huge computer technology enthusiast and likes to keep himself updated regarding developments in the computer industry.

Previously, most topological lasers have relied on edge states confined to surfaces or interfaces. However, the NTU researchers focused on topological bulk band edges inside the QCL's active region.

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Paschotta, R. (2008). Quantum Cascade Lasers-Field guide to laser pulse generation (Vol. 14). Bellingham: SPIE press. Available at: https://spie.org/publications/fg12_p45_quantum_cascade_lasers?SSO=1

Portable QCL devices are being deployed for real-time air quality monitoring, revolutionizing environmental regulation. These robust, compact sensors can also continually monitor industrial facilities, exhaust stacks, and pipelines for process control, safety, and regulatory compliance without gas sampling.

Tunablequantum cascadelaser

QCLs can detect these molecules at concentrations up to 1000 times lower than conventional infrared sources while offering high selectivity due to their narrowband emission.

In addition, QCLs offer rapid response times and exceptional spectral brightness, outperforming other light sources such as synchrotrons.

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When acidic foods and beverages are taken in excess, the pellicle layer can be overwhelmed by either the sheer volume of dietary or gastric acids, the high titratable acidity of a particular beverage, or a complex combination of factors such as the mineral content of saliva.47 When this occurs, the surface enamel softens quickly, and even the fluoride rich outer enamel, which provides a measurable level of ‘second defense’ against cariogenic acids, cannot defend itself against a strong erosive acid challenge. The outer enamel becomes softened and susceptible to damage; due primarily to a multitude of potential “tooth wear” factors present in the mouth.18

LabOne Q is a new software framework that accelerates quantum computing progress on Zurich Instruments’ hardware. With LabOne Q, users can design complex quantum experiments with an intuitive, high-level programming language.

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Quantum cascade laserswikipedia

Similar to medical applications, QCL-based sensors are ideal for detecting greenhouse gases and airborne pollutants selectively.

Subsequently, Kazarinov and Suris proposed the idea of quantum cascade lasers, and it wasn't until 1994 that Faist and colleagues at Bell Laboratories successfully demonstrated the first working QCL device.

While conventional semiconductor lasers rely on electron-hole recombination across bandgaps for stimulated emission, QCLs employ quantum energy wells to confine electrons into specific energy states.

Interbandcascadelaser

The designed QCL device demonstrated structural integrity without cracking due to the modest sample size and the thick silicon substrate that mitigated curvature accumulation.

John Durcan of IDA Ireland highlights the nation's surge in quantum computing, emphasizing R&D growth, key tech partnerships, and the need for skilled talent.

Pecharroman-Gallego, R. (2017). An Overview on Quantum Cascade Lasers: Origins and Development. InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/65003

As a result, QCL components will become essential for meeting the increasing bandwidth demands of 5G networks, video streaming, cloud computing, and other high-speed applications.

Markus Müller discusses a new qubit design using rare-earth ions for dense, coherent quantum systems, advancing quantum computing scalability.

Quantum Cascadelaser price

In recent research published in Applied Physics Letters, US scientists achieved a major milestone by growing 8.1 μm wavelength quantum cascade lasers on silicon using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD).

When exposed to mid-infrared light emitted by a QCL, biological tissues exhibit unique absorption patterns, creating a distinctive "fingerprint" spectrum. Analyzing this fingerprint allows the identification of proteins, sugars, and biomarkers related to diseases such as cancer.

Applying voltage propels electrons across the device, transitioning them from one quantum well to the next within the "active region," where they descend to lower energy levels and release photons. As electrons proceed through subsequent active regions, they repeatedly transition and emit photons.

Quantum cascadelaser working principle

Edmund optics. (2023). Quantum Cascade Lasers. [Online]. Available at: https://www.edmundoptics.com/knowledge-center/application-notes/lasers/quantum-cascade-lasers/

Quantum cascade lasers offer groundbreaking capabilities in optical communications. Compact QCL transceivers could enable wireless links to surpass 100 Gbps over short distances, while in long-haul fiber networks, QCLs efficiently amplify signals at specific wavelengths.

Ali, Owais. "What are Quantum Cascade Lasers?". AZoQuantum. https://www.azoquantum.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=448. (accessed November 21, 2024).

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Quantum cascadelaser PDF

"We believe that with further refinement, we will be able to develop a new mechanism for complete control of the photon emissions from the laser, and perhaps even integrate structures generating sound with the terahertz laser so that no external sound source is needed." Professor Cunningham, co-author of the study.

The designed THz QCL uses topological bound states in the continuum (BIC states) to confine light, enabling the laser to operate in a stable single mode while producing a compact, high-quality beam.

Quantum cascade lasers offer unique capabilities for mid-infrared sensing and spectroscopy applications due to their high-power output, wavelength agility, and narrow line widths. However, complex temperature control electronics and high production costs challenge their broader adoption.

Quantum cascadelaser spectroscopy

Terahertz QCLs, operating at longer wavelengths, are now being commercialized for intricate gas analysis, providing heightened measurement accuracy in the 100 to 150 µm range.

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Frąckiewicz, M. (2023). The Future of Quantum Cascade Lasers: Applications and Advancements. [Online]. Available at: https://ts2.space/en/the-future-of-quantum-cascade-lasers-applications-and-advancements/

This innovation could revolutionize silicon photonic integrated circuits (PICs), offering cost-effective and efficient mid-infrared optoelectronics.

The team demonstrated that exploiting these topological bulk BICs enables vertical and lateral confinement of the lasing mode in a very compact cavity. As a result, the miniaturized design (~10 microns wide) produced a narrow, single-mode THz beam with circular polarization.

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The origins of QCLs trace back to the early 1970s when Esaki and Tsu designed the first one-dimensional periodic potential multilayer using epitaxial growth, resulting in a superlattice structure. This marked a crucial step in the development of QCLs.

This new topological bulk BIC design could enable more robust, single-mode QCL devices across infrared and THz frequencies and provide strong confinement for high beam quality without requiring large external cavities.

Nanyang Technological University (NTU) researchers have achieved a significant breakthrough in developing electrically pumped, topological, bulk quantum cascade lasers operating in the terahertz (THz) frequency range. The results are published in Light: Science & Applications.

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Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are an emerging laser technology unlocking advanced spectroscopy, healthcare, and communications applications. These ultra-compact semiconductor lasers are based on unique quantum effects and can be engineered to emit specialized wavelengths from the mid-infrared to the terahertz range. This article offers insights into QCLs, their working principle, applications, and recent advancements in the field.

Han, S., Cui, J., Chua, Y., Zeng, Y., Hu, L., Dai, M., ... & Wang, Q. J. (2023). Electrically-pumped compact topological bulk lasers driven by band-inverted bound states in the continuum. Light: Science & Applications, 12(1), 145.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-023-01200-8

This could enable data transmission rates up to 100 gigabits per second for applications like ultra-fast wireless links between facilities.

The SideKick QCL Controller offers a low-noise laser control solution, ensuring stable and precise operation for demanding laser applications.

A key advantage of QCLs is their tunability across various wavelengths in the mid-infrared spectrum, from 5.5 to 11.0 µm. This tunability is achieved by controlling the structure of the layers rather than relying solely on the lasing material, providing greater flexibility in tailoring their emission wavelengths.

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Ali, Owais. 2023. What are Quantum Cascade Lasers?. AZoQuantum, viewed 21 November 2024, https://www.azoquantum.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=448.

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Ali, Owais. (2023, September 05). What are Quantum Cascade Lasers?. AZoQuantum. Retrieved on November 21, 2024 from https://www.azoquantum.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=448.

Despite these challenges, the global quantum cascade laser market is projected to exhibit substantial growth, with a projected value of USD 533 million by 2028 and a CAGR of 4.4%. This growth trajectory underscores the growing recognition of QCLs as a transformative technology with promising prospects for various industries.

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They combined acoustic and light waves to modulate the quantum cascade laser output. This approach demonstrated the potential to control light output by a few percent, marking a significant step forward in developing fully controlled photon emissions from these lasers.

Dr. Rüdiger Paschotta. (2021). Quantum Cascade Lasers. [Online]. Available at: https://www.rp-photonics.com/quantum_cascade_lasers.html

Raspa, A. & Moglia, F. (2021). Looking to the future of quantum cascade lasers. Available at: https://www.laserfocusworld.com/lasers-sources/article/14211918/looking-to-the-future-of-quantum-cascade-lasers

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Ali, Owais. "What are Quantum Cascade Lasers?". AZoQuantum. 21 November 2024. .