Polarized meaningslang

In polarized light they show a weak grey colour with a black cross, the arms of which are parallel to the cobwebs in the eyepiece of the microscope and remain stationary when the section is rotated.

The proof of this statement rests on the fact that if the hydrogen atoms were not co-planar, then substitution derivatives (the substituting groups not containing asymmetric carbon atoms) should exist in enantiomorphic forms, differing in crystal form and in their action on polarized light; such optical antipodes have, however, not yet been separated.

The crystals are feebly doubly refracting, and in polarized light exhibit a banded structure parallel to the cube faces.

Polarized meaningsunglasses

The convection of a medium thus polarized involves electric disturbance, and therefore must contribute to the true electric current; the determination of this constituent of the current is the most delicate point in the investigation.

Silicon-on-insulator has become a promising platform for high-density integrated photonics circuits. The large refractive index contrast between the functional silicon layer and its cladding raises a coupling issue between an optical fibre and on-chip devices. Grating coupler provides a compact and efficient way to tackle the coupling issue between the optical fibre and silicon waveguide. In this thesis, a universal design methodology, which accommodates various etch depths, silicon thicknesses, and cladding materials has been demonstrated and verified by both FDTD simulation and measurement results. A fully etched grating coupler with a sub-wavelength grating structure has been proposed to reduce the large back reflection of existing fully etched grating couplers. Back reflection of the proposed fully etched grating coupler has been reduced from more than 20% to about 5%. The insertion loss and bandwidth of the proposed structure have also been improved. In addition, a bidirectional grating coupler for vertical coupling has been proposed to improve the insertion loss and bandwidth of the traditional grating coupler. A simulated insertion loss of -1.5dB with a 3dB bandwidth of more 100nm has been achieved with the proposed structure.