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When the fiber core is so small that only light ray at 0° incident angle can stably pass through the length of fiber without much loss, this kind of fiber is called single mode fiber. The basic requirement for single mode fiber is that the core be small enough to restrict transmission to a singe mode. This lowest-order mode can propagate in all fibers with smaller cores (as long as light can physically enter the fiber).

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Single mode fiber doesn’t have modal dispersion, modal noise, and other effects that come with multimode transmission; single mode fiber can carry signals at much higher speeds than multimode fibers. They are standard choice for high data rates or long distance span (longer than a couple of kilometers) telecommunications which use laser diode based fiber optic transmission equipment.

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It’s been done — usually using a diamond burr bit with the material submerged in water — the problem then becomes one of safely disposing of the glass debris in the water (apparently it’s potentially damaging to municipality water treatment filters). Another possibility is the glass shattering from internal stresses.

Where D is core diameter of the fiber λ is the operating wavelength nf is refractive index of the fiber core nc is refractive index of the fiber cladding

Contain the material and water in a tray that can be removed and left out for the water to evaporate. The tray may need to be made to hold the part. Place a disposable towel (I use lintless blue shop wipes for this) on the surface. It will sink as the water evaporates. When it gets down to moist muck in the bottom, wipe the muck out and dispose of appropriately. If the container needs further cleaning, rewet and a fresh wipe to repeat the process.

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Since single mode fiber’s core is so much smaller than a multimode fiber’s core, coupling light into single mode fiber requires much tighter tolerances than coupling light into the larger cores of multimode fiber. However, those tighter tolerances have proved achievable.

If it is possible to put a towel in the bottom before the work, it is easier, since the waste will be trapped between the two layers. I have done this with success when using a water tray below to catch runoff while drilling glass.

I need to accurately cut 1.12mm thick glass sheets for a scale model. Mostly precisely placed holes and outside dimensions that include a curve.

Reducing the core diameter sufficiently can limit transmission to a single mode. The following formula defines the maximum core diameter, D, which limits transmission to a single mode at a particular wavelength, λ :

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I considered it problematic enough that I didn’t bother to make note of the instances when this was shown on-line at: https://www.shapeoko.com/wiki/index.php/Materials

Single mode fiber components and equipment are also more expensive than their multimode counterparts, so multimode fibers are widely used in systems where connections must be made inexpensively and transmission distances and speeds are modest.

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The most common type of single mode fiber has a core diameter of 8 to 10 μm and is designed for use in the near infrared (the most common are 1310nm and 1550nm). Please note that the mode structure depends on the wavelength of the light used, so that this fiber actually supports a small number of additional modes at visible wavelengths. Multi mode fiber, by comparison, is manufactured with core diameters as small as 50um and as large as hundreds of microns.

So even though the fiber cladding confines the light within the fiber core, some light does penetrate into the cladding, despite the fact that it nominally undergoes total internal reflection. This occurs both in single mode and multimode fibers, but this phenomenon is more significant in single mode fibers.

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For a Gaussian power distribution (lasers used in communications are Gaussian power distribution) in a single mode optical fiber, the mode field diameter (MFD) is defined as the point at which the electric and magnetic field strengths are reduced to 1/e of their maximum values, i.e., the diameter at which power is reduced to 1/e2 (0.135) of the peak power (because the power is proportional to the square of the field strength). For single mode fibers, the peak power is at the center of the core.

The typical core diameter of communication single mode fibers is from 8~10um for operating wavelength 1.31um to 1.5um. Fiber with a core diameter less than about ten times the wavelength of the propagating light cannot be modeled using geometric optics as we did in the explanation of step-index multimode fiber. Instead, it must be analyzed as an electromagnetic structure, by solution of Maxwell's equations as reduced to the electromagnetic wave equation.

This is what a utility sink with a plaster trap would be helpful for… if that’d be sufficient. Don’t know how much the glass particulates would settle out or not. Solids that don’t belong in the water system are a common problem that dental practices and art studios both deal with in their own way with trap systems. Something like:

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Went ahead and added that: https://www.shapeoko.com/wiki/index.php/Materials#Glass (and a link back here, so now it’s circular).