Safety Data Sheet according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH). The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive and shall be used only as a guide. The information in this document is based on the present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent any guarantee of the properties of the product. American Elements shall not be held liable for any damage resulting from handling or from contact with the above product. See reverse side of invoice or packing slip for additional terms and conditions of sale. COPYRIGHT 1997-2022 AMERICAN ELEMENTS. LICENSED GRANTED TO MAKE UNLIMITED PAPER COPIES FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY.

Compact magnifiers with moderate magnification are useful for map reading, helping travelers and outdoor enthusiasts navigate with ease. Browse our  Map and Chart Magnifiers

In electronics and PCB (printed circuit board) inspection, magnifiers are crucial for identifying and diagnosing issues with circuit components and soldering. Headband magnifiers are most often used for this purchase browse Magnifiers for circuit Board examination and soldering

Insect taxidermists use magnifiers for precision work, allowing them to see fine details and ensure accuracy in preserving and mounting insects.

Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixtureNational regulationsAll components of this product are listed in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical substance Inventory.All components of this product are listed on the Canadian Domestic Substances List (DSL).SARA Section 313 (specific toxic chemical listings)Substance is not listed.California Proposition 65Prop 65 - Chemicals known to cause cancerSubstance is not listed.Prop 65 - Developmental toxicitySubstance is not listed.Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, femaleSubstance is not listed.Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, maleSubstance is not listed.Information about limitation of use:Employment restrictions concerning pregnant and lactating women must be observed.For use only by technically qualified individuals.Other regulations, limitations and prohibitive regulationsSubstance of Very High Concern (SVHC) according to the REACH Regulations (EC) No. 1907/2006.Substance is not listed.The conditions of restrictions according to Article 67 and Annex XVII of the Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH) for the manufacturing, placing on the market and use must be observed.Substance is not listed.Annex XIV of the REACH Regulations (requiring Authorisation for use)Substance is not listed.REACH - Pre-registered substancesSubstance is listed.Chemical safety assessment:A Chemical Safety Assessment has not been carried out.v

In electronics and circuit design, magnifiers aid engineers and designers in closely examining circuit layouts, identifying potential issues, and ensuring accuracy in prototyping.

Information on basic physical and chemical propertiesAppearance:Form: Powder or solid in various formsColor: WhiteOdor: OdorlessOdor threshold: No data available.pH: N/AMelting point/Melting range: 1403 °C (2557 °F)Boiling point/Boiling range: ≈2500 °C (≈4532 °F)Sublimation temperature / start: No data availableFlash point: N/AFlammability (solid, gas)Product is not flammable.Ignition temperature: No data availableDecomposition temperature: No data availableAutoignition: No data available.Danger of explosion: Product does not present an explosion hazard.Explosion limits:Lower: No data availableUpper: No data availableVapor pressure: N/ADensity at 20 °C (68 °F): 3.18 g/cm3 (26.537 lbs/gal)Relative densityNo data available.Vapor densityN/AEvaporation rateN/ASolubility in Water (H2O): No data availablePartition coefficient (n-octanol/water): No data available.Viscosity:Dynamic: N/AKinematic: N/AOther informationNo data available

Photographers may use magnifiers for precise focusing and examining details in photography equipment. They are handy for tasks requiring close inspection.

Yes there are still a very small number of companies that still make Magnifiers Loupes and Optical inspection tools in the America. Although most optical manfacturing has moved to cheaper labor markets like other industries, there are still a few companies like Electro-Optix/Magnifier.com that are still making Magnifiers in the USA. We appreciate you supporting American manufacturers. See our Magnifiers made in America , Magnifiers Made in USA

The most common reasons for using acrylic instead of glass are  improved clarity, lighter weight, and durability. Acrylic lenses are highly resistant to warping, shattering, cracking, salts,pollutants, non-oxidizing acids, and most light home and industrial solutions that are not damaging to the skin. Optical Grade acrylic is ultra refined material and  has exceptional color clarity, high impact resistance, and is resistant to the damage of UV rays, these benefits have over time made optical acrylic the standard in the industry. The most expensive German and Japanese Magnifiers almost exclusively use optical grade acrylic lenses and a fact most people do not realize or understand. Glass is a very cheap medium to make, however the labor intensive art of making high quality low distortion glass lenses has been retired in most parts of the world  for over 25 yrs for optical acrylic lenses. Glass lenses are essential for some environments that use acids or have airborne particulates that can easily scratch an acrylic lens, but nearly all high quality professoinal magnifying lenses made in Japan, Germany, and USA are optical grade acrylic.

Watchmakers and horologists use magnifiers for intricate work on watches and clocks, helping them examine tiny components and ensure precision in craftsmanship. https://www.magnifier.com/linen-testers.htm

That will occur when you move the magnifier lens to twice the designed lens focal length of the magnifier. If you find when using a magnifying lens that your image has reversed you need to bring your lens closer to the object to which you are viewing and you will see the image correct to natural orientation.

ZnSewindow

Classification of the substance or mixtureClassification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008GHS07Skin Irrit. 2 H315 Causes skin irritation.Eye Irrit. 2A H319 Causes serious eye irritation.STOT SE 3 H335 May cause respiratory irritation.Classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC or Directive 1999/45/ECXi; IrritantR36/37/38: Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.Information concerning particular hazards for human and environment:N/AHazards not otherwise classifiedNo data availableLabel elementsLabelling according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008The substance is classified and labeled according to the CLP regulation.Hazard pictograms

A headband magnifier or hands free magnifier is best suited for this type of task, wear it will not only greatly enhance vision but will also allow unrestricted use of hands for working. The increased vision and dexterity will equate into less eye strain, frustration and enhanced speed efficiency and quality of work. We have and extensive line of Headband Magnifiers with a wide range of magnification options and prices they can be viewed here Huge Selection of Headband Magnifiers

Magnification needs will vary person to person depending on vision baseline and low vision issues, however generally speaking the best magnification for reading or general use is 1.5x-4x magnification. This magnification is easy to use and provides for a field of view that allows multiple words to be viewed at one time for easy reading.

In the textile industry, magnifiers are used for quality inspection, ensuring that fabrics meet specified standards and identifying any defects in the material.  https://www.magnifier.com/linen-testers.htm

ToxicityAquatic toxicity:No data availablePersistence and degradabilityNo data availableBioaccumulative potentialNo data availableMobility in soilNo data availableAdditional ecological information:Do not allow material to be released to the environment without official permits.Do not allow undiluted product or large quantities to reach groundwater, water courses, or sewage systems.Avoid transfer into the environment.Results of PBT and vPvB assessmentPBT:N/AvPvB:N/AOther adverse effectsNo data available

It is generally recommended that you do use your corrective lenses when using a Magnifier in order to achieve the best results from your magnifier. This will most often produce the best results, however if it does not it is recommended you consult your low vision specialist or optometrist for their recommendation or prescription for best end results when using a magnifier.

1. As magnification goes up the lens size gets smaller, you will hear this restated many times on Magnifier.com, this constrained by physics and it's just a face of life with magnification.

Diopter is a measuring unit for measuring the optical power and the curved nature of a convex lens. Eye professionals will often use Diopter which confuses the laymen and the general user, this makes people more reliant on the eye professionals unnecessarily, in order to avoid this confusion you can/should ask them to please   give you the magnification conversion of their recommended Diopter for your eye requirements or use the chart below.

Human eyes only have the ability to properly focus to approximately 6-8" (focal length) in front of them, as you get closer than that distance, the image often gets distorted and blurred as our binocular vision is not designed for such close distance viewing. If the human eye could focus closer magnifiers and loupes would not be needed. Magnifiers and Loupes assist in allowing your eyes to focus at a closer focal length at a distance beyond human eye capability.

Most low power/diopter magnifiers have a single lens structure which works well with lower power. Higher power magnifiers and loupes benefit by having multiple lenses which allow for improved edge clarity, resolution, it also helps with Chromatic Aberration which helps to more closely converge light colors to focus at the same convergence point. Multiple lenses also help flatten the field of view by helping to compensate for the natural distortion that occurs as you move outward from center on a lens due the physics of a curved lens shape.

Multiple lenses enhance edge clarity, resolution, and compensate for distortion, especially in high-powered magnifiers. They improve overall image quality.

A bifocal lens describes a lens design that has more than one magnification power or lens surfaces molded within one overall lens. This concept and design is similar to bifocal eyeglasses which have more than one magnification designed into a single lens... one surface for distance viewing and one surface used for up close viewing. In a typical lens design a large portion of a bifocal lens has one magnification, and the smaller lens (the bifocal) has another and its usually located in the outer corner or bottom center of the lens in order to not interfere with the horizontal field of view. The Bifocal is created and precisely molded as an integral part of the larger lens mold cavity, the most common bifocal strength is 4x-5x magnification.

In the aerospace and aviation industries, magnifiers are used for inspection tasks, ensuring the quality and precision of components in aircraft and spacecraft. As well as inspecting aircraft regularly for damage, imperfections, wear, or cracks in the components or airframe.

Magnifiers are essential tools for entomologists and insect enthusiasts, allowing detailed observation of insect anatomy, markings, and behavior.

The Closer your eye is to the lens and the more center focused your eye is on the lens, the wider the field of view you will see, this will also decrease eye strain and frustration, and will increase your reading speed, comprehension, and make it a more enjoyable experience. This is also referred to as eye relief and requires your eye to find the focal length of the lens and you will have the best image when your eye is parallel with the light/image coming through the lens.

Calcium FluorideSheet

Geologists and gemologists use magnifiers to identify minerals and gemstones based on their unique characteristics and features.

For electronics repair and soldering, magnifiers with built-in LED lights and adjustable features are valuable for examining small components and ensuring precision. Hands free magnifiers are most often recommended for this  https://www.magnifier.com/hands-free-magnifiers.htm

Magnifiers are widely used in medical examinations, especially in dermatology, to closely inspect skin conditions and identify subtle details.

2. As magnification goes up, focal length goes down, and field of view gets smaller, this means that the lens will need to be closer to the words, and the fewer letters and words will be in magnified view as the lens power goes up. This is akin to holding a book a few inches from your eyes and only being able to see a few letters at a time, this kind of situation greatly increases eye strain, frustration, and lowers comprehension, and reading enjoyment.

Needlepoint and cross-stitching enthusiasts use magnifiers for close-up work, allowing them to see fine details in patterns and ensuring accurate stitching.

Waste treatment methodsRecommendationConsult official regulations to ensure proper disposal.Uncleaned packagings:Recommendation:Disposal must be made according to official regulations.

Botanists and plant enthusiasts use magnifiers to observe the details of plant structures, flowers, and leaves, aiding in identification and research.

They are coatings that can be applied to magnifier lenses to do different things such, make the lens more scratch resistant (Hardcoated), or make the lens less susceptible to reflections and can increase light flow through the lens (AR-Anti-Reflection).

Potentiometric chip-based multipumping flow system for the simultaneous determination of fluoride, chloride, pH, and redox potential in water samples.

Description of first aid measuresGeneral informationSymptoms of poisoning may even occur after several hours; therefore medical observation for at least 48 hours after the accident.If inhaled:Supply fresh air or oxygen; call for doctor.In case of unconsciousness place patient stably in side position for transportation.Supply patient with fresh air. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. Keep patient warm.Seek immediate medical advice.In case of skin contact:Immediately wash with soap and water; rinse thoroughly.Seek immediate medical advice.In case of eye contact:Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water. Consult a physician.If swallowed:Drink lots of water.Induce vomiting if patient is conscious.Call a doctor immediately.Information for doctorMost important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayedNo data availableIndication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment neededNo data available

Working distance is the distance between the lens and the object when the view is in focus. Working distance is most often requested for headband magnifiers or magnifiers or loupes worn on the head by people that use them for long periods of time or for their occupation. The working distance dictates the distance you must maintain between the lens and the object you're viewing in order to see it in focus. As magnification goes up, the working distance goes down, and also the focal length becomes more narrow so a steady hand or head is required to keep it in focus.

1. To Clean your Magnifier  Lens- To clean an acrylic magnifier lens you need to be very careful not to use cleaners or solvents  that you would use for cleaning glass, this can damage an acrylic lens, An acrylic lens is optically much clearer then a glass but needs to be cared for carefully. To clean an acrylic Magnifier lens if it's just dusty , you simply need to use a moistened soft cloth with warm water (soft cotton, microfiber ) and gently wipe the lens surfaces. If your Magnifier lens is very dirty with oils, finger prints, dirt, etc, we recommend a similar process  however add a small amount of mild detergent soap ( such as baby shampoo or woolite) to  a more moistened soft cloth, this process will lift and remove the debrisfrom then lens, the for the final step  use new clean moistened soft cloth for the final cleaning to remove the soap and to dry the magnifier lens. Its important to avoid rubbing the dirt on the surface with the cloth, you want to let the moistened cloth gently pick up the dirt and then use a clean part of the cloth to finish. With proper gentle cleaning a fine acrylic lens can last a lifetime.

Calcium fluoride windowvs caf2

Macular Degeneration or often called (AMD) Age Related Macular Degeneration is the leading cause of vision loss in adults 50 yrs and older. Macular Degeneration affects the central part of the retina called the macular, and affects vision the most during eye movement activities, such as reading, watching activities and sports, and driving. The eye disease usually affects the central vision and doesn't lead to complete blindness, however it can make simple daily tasks difficult or impossible to do in more advanced stages. It is currently considered incurable however is treated and its effects can be moderated with lifestyle changes, quitting smoking, dietary supplements, protecting your eyes for UV light, and use of magnifiers and low vision devices.  Our selection of recommended Macular degeneration magnifiers are here  See recommended Magnifiers for Macular Degeneration

Are there any American Made Magnifiers anymore ? Do any companies still make Magnifiers and Magnifying Glass in the USA ?

GHS07Signal wordWarningHazard statementsH315 Causes skin irritation.H319 Causes serious eye irritation.H335 May cause respiratory irritation.Precautionary statementsP261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray.P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.P405 Store locked up.P501 Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/national/international regulations.WHMIS classificationD2B - Toxic material causing other toxic effectsClassification systemHMIS ratings (scale 0-4)(Hazardous Materials Identification System)HEALTHFIREREACTIVITY10 1Health (acute effects) = 1Flammability = 0Physical Hazard = 1Other hazardsResults of PBT and vPvB assessmentPBT:N/AvPvB:N/A

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency proceduresAvoid formation of dust.Use personal protective equipment. Keep unprotected persons away.Ensure adequate ventilationEnvironmental precautions:Do not allow to enter sewers/ surface or groundwater.Do not allow product to enter drains, sewage systems, or other water courses.Do not allow material to penetrate the ground or soil.Methods and materials for containment and cleanup:Prevent formation of dust.Ensure adequate ventilation.Prevention of secondary hazards:No special measures required.Reference to other sectionsSee Section 7 for information on safe handlingSee Section 8 for information on personal protection equipment.See Section 13 for disposal information.

Magnifiers are valuable educational tools, aiding students in science, biology, and other subjects that require detailed observation and examination.

Forensic analysts use magnifiers to closely examine evidence such as fingerprints, fibers, and other trace materials, aiding in criminal investigations.

Automotive professionals use magnifiers for inspecting and repairing small components in vehicles, ensuring precision in tasks such as electronics repair and soldering.

Hands free Magnifiers or headband magnifiers with built-in LED lights are excellent for sewing and needlework, enhancing visibility of fine details and reducing eye strain. See our selection here  Browse Hands Free Magnifiers

Yes the proper magnifier can be a very effective survival tool and used to start a ignite a piece of paper, this done through refraction and by concentrating the sun's rays into a tiny point. This occurs when the lens is held at exactly two focal lengths from the surface. We have a special pocket sized fire starting magnifier that fits in a wallet about the size of a thin credit card its our model WL-2Fire. It can be seen and purchased here  See Fire Starting Magnifier   (This should only be done with adult supervision and at your own risk.) We will go into this concept more in a later question.

Depth of field is the distance or depth of area in which the lens allows for the object and area being viewed to stay in focus. As you move a lens in and out from the object you are viewing, you will see the depth of field as the image goes from being sharp and in focus to being out of focus and distorted. Generally speaking as the lens power increases the depth of field decreases and the lens must be held at a very steady and very specific distance in order to be in focus, as magnification increases. Most general use Magnifiers are 1.5x to 3.5x and as magnification goes up lens size must and does go down (gets smaller) , this is essentially without exception and due to physics.

2. To Clean the Magnifier handle/Frame.- You can use a light soap or cleaner to clean your Magnifier handle and frame however its important to be very careful not to clean the lens or scratch the lens with this process.

Calcium fluoride windowcost

Focal length is defined as the measured distance between the object being viewed and the lens surface, when the image viewed through the lens is clear, crisp and in sharp focus. The focal length of a lens is determined by the amount of curve on the lens and the lens diameter "face" or surface. As magnification and lens size go down so does focal length, and focal length becomes more narrow. As lens size goes up in size and down in magnification focal length goes up (gets larger) and more generous (wider).

JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser.

Hobbyists may require varying magnifications based on the task. A range from 2x to 8x can be versatile for model building and intricate details. Headband magnifiers are also widely used for this purpose, see our selection here https://www.magnifier.com/headband-magnifiers.htm

In industries like manufacturing, magnifiers are crucial for quality control and inspection, ensuring precision and identifying defects in products.

Blend-electrospun graphene oxide/Poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanofibrous membranes with high flux, tetracycline removal and anti-fouling properties.

For DIY home repair and inspection tasks, magnifiers assist in examining small details, measuring, and ensuring precision in various projects.

Distortion is an optical error or (irregularity) that occurs due to the convex nature of the lens, the convex shape of the lens results in a slight difference in magnification at different points within the image, this is due to the fact that you are viewing through the convex lens itself. All lens's have distortion. There is no perfect lens even if they are described as "distortion free" that means there is minimal distortion. Distortion generally increases as you move out from the center of the lens, it however usually isn't noticed until the very edge of the lens. Distortion is also what is commonly described as the out of focus area towards the edge of the view image. This again is caused by the convex spherical curved shape of a lens which is necessary for magnification, and this problem is magnified as magnification goes up because , more magnification = more lens curvature. This means distortion will be easier to detect with a high magnification lens, than with a lower magnification lens.

There is a trade off, there is an inverse relationship between lens size and lens power. Simply put, as the lens power increases lens size has to decrease due to physics. A happy balance of lens power and lens size has to be found that is appropriate for your vision needs. A large lens is much easier and forgiving and easy to use,has a wide focal length, and a field of view, and will be very easy to focus and keep in focus. However a large lens will provide minimal magnification and reduced contrast which makes it harder to read and can increase frustration and eye strain. A small high powered lens on the other hand will provide much more magnification and contrast however, has to be used very carefully and held at a very specific focal length to maintain focus. A small high powered lens will also have a small field of view sometimes only allowing you to see a few letters at a time if the magnification is very high, it will also require a very steady hand to keep it in focus, if you are unable to hold a magnifier very still and steady you should not purchase a high powered Magnifier. If your looking for a reading magnifier a small high power lens is also not recommended unless recommended by a low vision specialist or optometrist.

Synergistic effects of proanthocyanidin, tri-calcium phosphate and fluoride on artificial root caries and dentine collagen.

Antique dealers and collectors use magnifiers to examine details on antiques and collectibles, helping them assess authenticity and identify specific features.

Eye Relief is the distance between your eye and the magnifier lens that still allows you to see a full field of view through the lens. Generally speaking as lens size gets smaller eye relief goes down, which means as lens size gets smaller and magnification goes up it requires you to get your eyes closer to the lens in order to have a full view through the lens.

Jewelry inspection requires higher magnification, typically in the range of 10x to 30x, to closely examine gemstones, settings, and fine details. 10x magnification is the industry standard for jewelers loupes. Shop our wide selection of jewelers loupes here  https://www.magnifier.com/jewelers-loupes.htm

Many magnifier and loupe models can be very use specific, application specific, and industry specific. There are many designs that go well beyond general magnification & vision enhancement and are used for critical measurements and high power inspection. We have a large selection of both special use and general use magnifiers and loupes and vision tools. Contact us if you do not see a magnifier that meets your specific needs.

Fluorine is a Block P, Group 17, Period 2 element. Its electron configuration is [He]2s22p5. The fluorine atom has a covalent radius of 64 pm and its Van der Waals radius is 135 pm. In its elemental form, CAS 7782-41-4, fluorine gas has a pale yellow appearance. Fluorine was discovered by André-Marie Ampère in 1810. It was first isolated by Henri Moissan in 1886.

CaF2 transmission

See more Calcium products. Calcium (atomic symbol: Ca, atomic number: 20) is a Block S, Group 2, Period 4 element with an atomic weight of 40.078. The number of electrons in each of Calcium's shells is [2, 8, 8, 2] and its electron configuration is [Ar]4s2. The calcium atom has a radius of 197 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 231 pm. Calcium was discovered and first isolated by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1808. It is the fifth most abundant element in the earth's crust and can be found in minerals such as dolomite, gypsum, plagioclases, amphiboles, pyroxenes and garnets. In its elemental form, calcium has a dull gray-silver appearance. Calcium is a reactive, soft metal that is a member of the alkaline earth elements. It frequently serves as an alloying agent for other metals like aluminum and beryllium, and industrial materials like cement and mortar are composed of calcium compounds like calcium carbonate. It is also an biologically essential substance found in teeth, bones, and shells. The name "calcium" originates from the Latin word "calics," meaning lime.

A magnified image or surface will go out of focus and become every distorted as you move the lens beyond its designed ...“focal length.” This can happen if you go to close to or "fore" the focal length or "aft" the focal length. The best image is created when the lens is held at or near its focal length.

Color distortion is caused by different wavelengths (colored light) converging (focusing) at slightly different points which will cause inaccurate viewed colors. This is correct by using an achromatic lens, which is simply two lenses (one positive lens and one negative lens) fused together , this creates a lens that transmits and focuses the different colored light waves to focus at the same point.

Magnifiers with moderate magnification are excellent for reading fine print on labels, contracts, and other documents, enhancing visibility. Pocket magnifiers are most recommended for this  Pocket Magnifiers

Archaeologists and paleontologists use magnifiers to examine fossils and artifacts, revealing fine details that are crucial for analysis and research.

Calcium Fluorideoptics

For numismatics (coin collectors)  a magnifier is a key vision enhancement for coin or stamp collecting and general grading a magnification power of at least 5x-8x is recommended. If you're doing detailed coin grading and inspecting for error coins and variations you will want a magnification of 8x-30x. A magnifier is an essential tool for accurate coin evaluation, sorting and grading. For general coin sorting a magnification of 3x is recommended, if you have low vision issues you will require more magnification of course.

Why can High Magnification sometimes be the problem and not the solution ? Why is a high magnification magnifier hard to use and focus ?

HandlingPrecautions for safe handlingThoroughly remove all dust particles.Keep container tightly sealed.Store in cool, dry place in tightly closed containers.Ensure good ventilation at the workplace.Information about protection against explosions and fires:The product is not flammableConditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilitiesRequirements to be met by storerooms and receptacles:No special requirements.Information about storage in one common storage facility:Store away from oxidizing agents.Store away from water/moisture.Further information about storage conditions:This product is hygroscopic.Store under dry inert gas.Keep container tightly sealed.Store in cool, dry conditions in well-sealed containers.Protect from humidity and water.Specific end use(s)No data available

A fresnel lens is a flat plastic lens approximately .7 mm thick. The Fresnel lens has concentric ring shaped etching in the lens that magnify and a fresnel lens does not have a curved convex shaped surface like a conventional lens. These series of concentric grooves are molded or etched into the surface of a thin, lightweight plastic sheet, making the lens very thin, almost sheet-like. This design creates prisms that magnify and was often used in lighthouse lenses to magnify and focus the light. The tiny grooves are optical prisms that act to magnify the image. The etch grooves act as tiny light/image prisms that magnify the image and the incoming light. These groves create an image quality that is not anywhere as clear as a conventional lens due to the etched nature which can be seen through the Fresnel lens. Increased etched density of the prisms can create higher quality images however they will appear more distorted or blurred then a conventional clear convex lens. A fresnel lens is a compromise between efficiency, low price, and reduced image quality, however the slim nature of the lens makes it ideal for a wallet magnifier or cheaper magnification tool. Your can shop our fresnel lens selection here .. See All Fresnel Lens Magnifiers

In archaeological excavation, magnifiers are used to examine small artifacts and details found during digs, aiding researchers in understanding the historical context of discoveries.

Simple magnifying or convex lens designs haven't changed drastically in hundreds. Due to the fact that magnifying and bending the light is a simple cause and effect issue and constrained by the laws of physics, there has not been huge advancement because the laws of physics cannot be changed or deviated. What has evolved over time is the evolution of single magnifier lenses into compound lens structures such as the doublets,triplets, Galilean, and the compound microscope, which can heighten and sharpen magnification, expand field of view, and extend out focal lengths.

Incandescent bulbs can generally be replaced with new bulbs, most Led bulbs however are directly soldered into the magnifier and are not replaceable. Some premium magnifiers however do offer replaceable led bulbs, this type of design is much more expensive but allows the lighted magnifier to be serviceable and as well as upgradeable as LED advancements are always taking place making the bulbs more effective and efficient.

Calcium fluoride windowprice

Information on toxicological effectsAcute toxicity:The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains acute toxicity data for components in this product.LD/LC50 values that are relevant for classification:Oral LD50 4417 mg/kg (rat)Skin irritation or corrosion:Causes skin irritation.Eye irritation or corrosion:Causes serious eye damage.Sensitization:No sensitizing effects known.Germ cell mutagenicity:No effects known.Carcinogenicity:ACGIH A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen: Inadequate data on which to classify the agent in terms of its carcinogenicity in humans and/or animals.Reproductive toxicity:No effects known.Specific target organ system toxicity - repeated exposure:No effects known.Specific target organ system toxicity - single exposure:May cause respiratory irritation.Aspiration hazard:No effects known.Subacute to chronic toxicity:The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains multiple dose toxicity data for this substance.Additional toxicological information:To the best of our knowledge the acute and chronic toxicity of this substance is not fully known.The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains reproductive and/or mutation data for components in this product.

Additional information about design of technical systems:Properly operating chemical fume hood designed for hazardous chemicals and having an average face velocity of at least 100 feet per minute.Control parametersComponents with limit values that require monitoring at the workplace:7789-75-5 Calcium fluoride (100.0%)PEL (USA) Long-term value: 2.5 mg/m3as FREL (USA) Long-term value: 2.5 mg/m3as FTLV (USA) Long-term value: 2.5 mg/m3as F, BEIEL (Canada) Long-term value: 2.5 mg/m3as F7789-75-5 Calcium fluoride (100.0%)BEI (USA) 2 mg/LMedium: urineTime: prior to shiftParameter: Fluoride (background, nonspecific)3 mg/LMedium: urineTime: end of shiftParameter: Fluoride (background, nonspecific)Additional information:The exposure limits that were valid when the MSDS was created were used.No dataExposure controlsPersonal protective equipmentFollow typical protective and hygienic practices for handling chemicals.Keep away from foodstuffs, beverages and feed.Remove all soiled and contaminated clothing immediately.Wash hands before breaks and at the end of work.Avoid contact with the eyes and skin.Maintain an ergonomically appropriate working environment.Breathing equipment:Use suitable respirator when high concentrations are present.In case of brief exposure or low pollution use respiratory filter device. In case ofintensive or longer exposure use respiratory protective device that is independent ofcirculating air.Protection of hands:Impervious glovesInspect gloves prior to use.Suitability of gloves should be determined both by material and quality, the latter of which may vary by manufacturer.Penetration time of glove material (in minutes)No data availableEye protection:Safety glassesBody protection:Protective work clothing

Hold the magnifier close to the lens for stability and a clear view. Rest your hand or the magnifier on a surface for additional support during prolonged use and move the lens fore and aft until you achieve the correct focal length which makes the image clear and magnified.

A magnifier or magnifying glass is a optical magnification device that uses a convex lens ( a lens that is thinner at the edges and thicker at the center ) to magnify. A convex or bi-convex lens shape bends light rays inward which in turn creates and enables an enlarged view when looking through the lens. A traditional magnifier has a round shaped lens secured in a frame that holds the lens, and handle which allows the user to hold the lens at a comfortable distance and hold the lens at its focal length. The magnifying lens can also bend light rays inward in order to converge sunlight in order to create an area of radiation and intense heat which can easily ignite a fire.

In veterinary pathology, magnifiers are used to examine tissue samples and identify microscopic details, aiding veterinarians in diagnosing and treating animal diseases.

Fully Rollable Lead-Free Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-Niobate-Based Nanogenerator with Ultra-Flexible Nano-Network Electrodes.

Legal professionals and document examiners use magnifiers to scrutinize signatures, fine print, and details on legal documents, ensuring accuracy. We recommend Dome and Bar Magnifiers for this Magnifiers for Document Examination.

Flatness of Field refers to the area of the magnifier lens in which the image is clear, in focus, and undistorted. Due to physics and the requirement of curved lens shape to magnify, this creates distortion as you move to the outer edges of the lens. This issue is more pronounced as magnification increases, as this requires a more curved lens to achieve the higher magnification. This issue can be overcome by creating a magnifier or loupe that has a multiple lens structure, this can help create what is termed a "Flat Field Magnifier '' which means that the entire lens is clear, in focus, and undistorted. This issue can be of great importance with small power loupes and magnifiers used by jewelers and machinists, hence you will see the term or description of Doublet or Triplet, when you see a description of those magnifiers.

Magnification of Magnifying is the process in which something is optically enlarged in appearance and not actuality, and this is typically using a double-convex lens , spherical lens, or compound lens and prism lens structure. The double-convex lens shape creates a magnified "virtual image" of the surface being viewed through the lens. The Lens focuses and disperses the light by means of refraction, the lens focuses the light to form a magnified image.

Color distortion occurs when different wavelengths focus at different points, affecting image accuracy. Achromatic lenses correct this by combining multiple lenses to minimize distortion.

Synthesized mesoporous silica and calcium aluminate cement fillers increased the fluoride recharge and lactic acid neutralizing ability of a resin-based pit and fissure sealant.

Field of view is described as the area that is viewed or seen clearly through the magnifying lens when it is at its focal length. As the lens magnification increases, lens diameter and thus the field of view decrease. This is a rule that is restricted by physics, again as magnification increases, lens size and field of view decreases. At (5x) magnification power the typical field of view is roughly 1.5 inches. At (10x) power it is about .6 inches. As you can see there is an inverse relationship between lens power and lens field of view. We recommended using a lower power lens for scanning or reading large surface areas and a high power lens for inspection and detailed scanning and inspecting very small areas.

Specialized smartphone screen magnifiers are available however few have proven to be effective and practical to use, but standard magnifiers may not be suitable due to screen glare and distance and require you to carry it with you.

A lighted magnifier is usually desired when you might be using your magnifier in a low light situation, or to provide increased contrast when reading. There is a wide variation in bulbs typically having one of two types of bulbs, a conventional incandescent  bulb or an LED (light-emitting diode). A led bulb is typically more expensive and has a very long bulb life as well as produces much less heat then a conventional bulb. Because it produces less heat, the bulb is more efficient as it uses its energy for light production and less energy is wasted in heat production. LED's typically have a whiter or more blue colored light then a conventional bulb, a conventional bulb light is typically viewed as a "warmer" colored light. An LED is generally more durable and can stand up to shock because there is not a fragile filament.

Artists and crafters benefit from magnifiers for detailed work. Models with adjustable features and built-in lights are especially useful for various projects.

MgF2window

Compact magnifiers, binoculars and monoculars are suitable for outdoor activities like bird watching, hiking, and exploring nature, providing a closer view of details.

Extinguishing mediaSuitable extinguishing agentsProduct is not flammable. Use fire-fighting measures that suit the surrounding fire.Special hazards arising from the substance or mixtureIf this product is involved in a fire, the following can be released:Calcium oxideHydrogen fluoride (HF)Advice for firefightersProtective equipment:Wear self-contained respirator.Wear fully protective impervious suit.

Stamp collectors use magnifiers for philately, inspecting stamps for authenticity, condition, and identifying specific features that affect their value. The same magnifiers used for coin collecting are also highly useful for stamp collecting  https://www.magnifier.com/stand-magnifiers.htm

Magnifiers are essential aids for individuals with low vision, helping them read and perform tasks that might be challenging due to visual impairment.

Light is an essential element for vision, without light our eyes do not work and we cannot see. So the real questions are, does your room or environment have adequate light ? Do you have a low vision issue that requires extra light and illumination ? A lighted magnifier can have many benefits especially for those that have vision loss issues that require more light. A lighted magnifier is also useful in environments where there is not proper or sufficient light for viewing and reading. When you have problems viewing or reading people often believe the only solution to this issue is magnification. It has been shown that initially added light and the subsequent added contrast alone can often increase visibility and lessen eye strain and fatigue. This relationship with light and vision can also help those with special eye conditions to require less magnification then they would otherwise need without light. If light alone does not provide enough added visibility to see and read then we recommend starting with a reading or large lens magnifier first, we recommend you gradually increase magnification on and as needed basis only, as some eyes can quickly get used to and require the added magnification. It is highly recommended in any electronic device you use high quality batteries, such as Duracell, or Energizer etc, as is recommended by battery manufacturers if a battery has been subject to a severe shock ie fallen down, dropped, etc it is recommend they are discarded as a shock can cause an internal short circuit in the battery. Battery manufactures also recommend users remove batteries from devices when they are not expected to be in use for long periods. Our vast magnifier selection can be browsed here Browse Lighted Magnifiers

ReactivityNo data availableChemical stabilityStable under recommended storage conditions.Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided:Decomposition will not occur if used and stored according to specifications.Possibility of hazardous reactionsReacts with strong acidsConditions to avoidNo data availableIncompatible materials:Oxidizing agentsWater/moistureHazardous decomposition products:Hydrogen fluorideCalcium oxide

Musicians use magnifiers for reading small musical notations and scores, ensuring accurate and detailed interpretation while playing instruments. Hands free magnifiers are sometimes preferred for this task.

It is generally accepted that the first Magnification Lens, Magnifier or Magnifying Glass was invented by English Philosopher Roger Bacon in the year 1250 while he was at University of Oxford. It is also documented that thousands of years ago Egyptians discovered the use of clear crystal chips of certain shapes magnified and helped them better view small objects.

UN-NumberDOT, ADN, IMDG, IATAN/AUN proper shipping nameDOT, ADN, IMDG, IATAN/ATransport hazard class(es)DOT, ADR, ADN, IMDG, IATAClassN/APacking groupDOT, IMDG, IATAN/AEnvironmental hazards:N/ASpecial precautions for userN/ATransport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL73/78 and the IBC CodeN/ATransport/Additional information:DOTMarine Pollutant (DOT):No

An Aspheric lens is specially designed with non-spherical surfaces, corrected to minimize the spherical irregularities of a convex lens, the aspherical design allows for less distortion, improved edge to edge focusing and improved collimating accuracy. Shop our Aspheric Magnifier section here  Shop Aspheric Magnifiers

Product Number: All applicable American Elements product codes, e.g. CA-F-02-WIN , CA-F-03-WIN , CA-F-04-WIN , CA-F-05-WIN

Yes, if there is sunlight, magnifiers have been used to start and ignite fires for centuries. This is achieved with the unique convex shape of the lens, when light passes through the lens, the light is then refocused to the corresponding focal length of the lens. Centuries ago it was also observed that water droplets on glass can also concentrate light, because of the convex "lens" shape of the water droplet. This refocus of light by the magnifying lens, bends the light rays and concentrates the light and radiation into a point that creates intense light and heat. If the concentration is held for an extended time period, usually 30-40 seconds with fine fibers, flame ignition will occur. Lenses of all sizes will work, however larger lenses gather light more easily and have a wider focal length which makes them easier to use. There are also pocket or credit card sized lenses that are very effective and easy to use, such as the WL-2Fire model, which is popular with campers, hikers, and survivalists.

While not a primary tool for astronomers like telescopes are because of the distance , magnifiers can be handy for reading star charts and identifying details on equipment during stargazing sessions.

Digital screen magnifiers or computer screen magnifiers exist, enhancing on-screen text for better visibility. They are designed for computer work and not traditional reading and most are made of fresnel lenses which as discussed above have positives and negatives regarding their use. See our computer screen Magnifier See Computer Screen Magnifier

People with poor or low vision often make the mistake of assuming that higher magnification is always better, and will solve their low vision issues. This is one of the most misconceived beliefs about Magnifiers and Low Vision. The fact is that as Magnification goes up or increases, many things change that will make a magnifier more difficult to use, and less user friendly, and make it less appropriate for daily tasks such as reading.

There is an inverse relationship between lens size and magnification that is due to physics, and there is no way to design around that fact. The larger the Magnifier lens the lower the magnification and the smaller the lens generally the higher the magnification. It all has to do with the convex nature of the lens shape. As magnification increases and the lens becomes more convex the field of view decreases.