Gaussian Beam Propagation - laser gaussian beam

 2024-09-13 15:07:35

If you like, you're welcome to drop in to my workshop and I can check/adjust both camera and lens for you, I'd be curious to see the Logmar if you have it already. But you'll need to do it in the next 2 weeks as I'm about to go on a year-long sabbatical.

Collimation has nothing to do with the adjustment of focus. One cannot set a lens’ focus with a collimator. The (auto)collimator is an instrument for checking and adjusting deviating angles.

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This is a first-order Fresnel lens, made in France and shipped to the United States in the mid-19th century. It consists of concentric rings of glass prisms that bend the light coming front a lamp inside the lens into a narrow beam. This lens has 1,176 prisms and 24 bullseyes. At the center, the bullseyes work like a magnilying glass so that the light beam is even more powerful. The lens sections are held together by brass frames weighing five to six tons. The entire lens weighs in at approximately six to eight tons.

Would everybody please express themselves as precisely as possible, always. Carl wants sharp pictures. A sharp mind is a prerequisite.

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The rear C-mount assembly screws on, so you could potentially undo the grub screw(s) locking it in place and unscrew it while checking collimation, to get a sense of where correct back-focus might be, but you can only do this adjustment in the one direction (adding distance), because the assembly is screwed down to a flat surface.

No protest on that. If you'd read my 1991 article on DIY optical adjustment, you'd find no words "collimate" or "collimator" in that. Optical knowledge is to the point, and doesn't hide behind fancy words.

Despite the clear superiority of Fresnel lenses, the parsimonious bureaucrat in charge of federal lighthouses, Stephen Pleasanton, considered the cost prohibitive. Finally, the uproar became so great that in 1838 Congress launched an investigation. It was not until then that Congress coughed up the cash to import a few Fresnel lenses. The first were installed in 1841 inside the two towers at Navesink Lighthouse, overlooking the approach to New York Harbor.

Yes, that's very true - but I understand the origin of the short hand. A lens, if focused at infinity, is effectively creating a focused image from parallel (collimated) light rays (so to speak). This is the reference state for the lens, ie. the state in which you want it to be when establishing the distance it needs to be from the film plane. One speaks of "collimating" the lens, but really one is collimating the light (or the image) - not the lens - but a byproduct of which then allows the lens focus plane to be found.

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I've never done this before but I completely understand the theory.So I want to collimate a lens and in particular a C-mount Optivaron (6-66mm), originally collimated for the Beaulieu, but for repurposing on a standard C mount camera (the Logmar).I can follow the theory of what's going on in the following guide - basically it's using a camera and lens already understood to be correctly collimated, and focused at infinity, to image the image plane on the other camera, with it's lens also set to infinity, but in an unknown collimated state:http://elekm.net/zeiss-ikon/repair/collimate/This I can manage quite well using a DSLR as the imaging camera - or rig up some alternative setup with diode lasers etc. Can do all the required levelling, making sure it's all parallel etc.What I don't know, but would love to know, is what I need to do with the Optivaron lens in order to modify it's collimation setting. I understand it will need to be partly disassembled. I'm perfectly fine with that. Just don't know what rings/notches/or whatever, inside the lens, need to be rotated/moved in order to tweak it's collimation setting. I can certainly open it up and experiment (and will eventually work it out) but if someone knows how to do it already, that will certainly save me some anxiety.Any advice much appreciated.Carl

My old article on DIY optical adjustments describes completely different methods from Mr. Elek's, but there is one point of disagreement: there are reasons not to use maximum aperture.

I recently had someone bring in a Digital Bolex that had a very badly set flange depth, not only off but not even flat to the sensor! Hopefully the Logmar guys are more diligent.

Anyway, so all that's left to consider is how precise the Logmar is in terms of it conforming to the C mount spec. And if the lens is still good.

Thanks Dom - I don't think the camera will be here in the next two weeks. From what I understand they are testing the first batch as we speak, individually testing each one with a roll of film, before shipping them out. But if it does arrive in nthe next 2 weeks will certainly give you a call. However I may get the lens sooner, so perhaps I could come and see you and you could show me what sort of things I'll need to play with to adjust it. Pick your brains!

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Classical Fresnel Lens Listing. The first National Lighthouse Lens Survey was released in 2001 at the Sixth Maritime Heritage Conference in Wilmington, N.C. It ...

To correctly adjust a zoom, you start by setting focus at the telephoto end, then go to the wide end to adjust back-focus for best sharpness. You generally need to go back to the long end to re-adjust focus again, then back to the wide end to tweak the back-focus.

I recently had someone bring in a Digital Bolex that had a very badly set flange depth, not only off but not even flat to the sensor! Hopefully the Logmar guys are more diligent.

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Yeah for sure. It makes complete sense that the body + filter would be intended as a complete correction. As you say, in that way a range of lenses could be used on the Beaulieu - not just the Optivaron.

Both of the Optivarons I own are perfectly collimated to the C- mount standard of 17.52mm, I believe the Beaulieu camera flange depth is what was (very slightly) adjusted to compensate for the gelatin filter rather than the back-focus of the stock zoom. This makes sense as the camera can then accept other C-mount lenses.

And considerig that you have two Optivarons, both of which just happen to conform to the C-mount standard, I reckon that makes it a pretty safe bet that such was the idea.

This type of lens can throw its beam to a distance of 26 miles. Tests showed that an open flame lost nearly 97% of its light, and a flame with reflectors behind it still lost 83% of its light. The Fresnel lens was able to capture all but 17% of its light.

Well maybe I've been lucky that both my 4008 Optivarons were correctly set, from that thread it seems other people didn't have the same experience. Perhaps Beaulieu's quality control wasn't always the best and so lenses were adjusted to the camera without particular regard to the standard. But it would certainly have made sense for them to at least try and make the camera flange depth be adjusted for the permanent filters so it would work for other C-mount lenses.

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Only after 1852, when the United States created a Lighthouse Board made up of eminent scientists and mariners, including Joseph Henry of the Smithsonian and Alexander Bache of the U.S. Coast Survey, did the great lenses really begin to light America's coastline. By the Civil War, nearly all lighthouses in the United States had Fresnel lenses.

The first Fresnel lens, installed in the elegant Cardovan Tower lighthouse on France's Gironde River in 1822, was visible to the horizon, more than 20 miles away. Sailors had long romanticized lighthouses. Now scientists could rhapsodize, too. "Nothing can be more beautiful than an entire apparatus for a fixed light," one engineer said of Fresnel's device. "I know of no work of art more beautifully creditable to the boldness, ardor, intelligence, and zeal of the artist." Fresnel lenses soon shone along the ragged coastlines of Europe, but surprisingly, America was slower to see the light. As mariners came to depend on Europe's powerful new lights, they complained bitterly about the puny lamps lighting America's coasts. Despite the clear superiority of Fresnel lenses, the parsimonious bureaucrat in charge of federal lighthouses, Stephen Pleasanton, considered the cost prohibitive. Finally, the uproar became so great that in 1838 Congress launched an investigation. It was not until then that Congress coughed up the cash to import a few Fresnel lenses. The first were installed in 1841 inside the two towers at Navesink Lighthouse, overlooking the approach to New York Harbor. Only after 1852, when the United States created a Lighthouse Board made up of eminent scientists and mariners, including Joseph Henry of the Smithsonian and Alexander Bache of the U.S. Coast Survey, did the great lenses really begin to light America's coastline. By the Civil War, nearly all lighthouses in the United States had Fresnel lenses.

From what I understand the Optivaron was calibrated (if that is a better term) for the Beaulieu Super8 camera (which used a gelatin filter). So in theory, one could use Dennis' geurilla method for "negative shimming" and just re-insert a clear gelatin filter back into the path to get it behaving on the Logmar - assuming of course that the Beaulieu otherwise had a standard C-mount flange to film plane distance. But of course, if it has shims already in there (to accomodate for a gelatin filter) can just remove those instead (for a clearer optical path).

Would everybody please express themselves as precisely as possible, always. Carl wants sharp pictures. A sharp mind is a prerequisite.

... image. Other than lighting, composition and focus (which includes depth of field) are the main elements that you can exercise complete command over. Focus ...

My old article on DIY optical adjustments describes completely different methods from Mr. Elek's, but there is one point of disagreement: there are reasons not to use maximum aperture.

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the proper way to adjust back-focus on the Schneider 6-66 Optiivaron is to undo the outer lock ring at the rear, lift out the rear optical group, and change the shims beneath. Without knowing exactly how many hundredths of a mm you need to add or remove, this would be something of a chore, particularly as you would need to cut your own shims and test them by trial and error.

As a child, he was a slow learner who showed little interest in language studies or in tests of memory. By the age of 8, he could barely read. Yet his boyhood friends, for whom he studiously determined how to increase the power of popguns and bows, called him "the genius." When applied to optics, his genius proved to be real and considerable. Where others had improved existing lighthouse technology, Fresnel leapt forward by studying the behavior of light itself. His studies both advanced the understanding of the nature of light and produced the most important breakthrough in lighthouse lights in 2,000 years. Fresnel worked out a number of formulas to calculate the way light changes direction, or refracts, while passing through glass prisms. Working with some of the most advanced glassmakers of the day, he produced a combination of prism shapes that together made up a lens. The Fresnel lighthouse lens used a large lamp at the focal plane as its light source. It also contained a central panel of magnifying glasses surrounded above and below by concentric rings of prisms and mirrors, all angled to gather light, intensify it and project it outward. The various reflector systems installed in lighthouses during the 40 years preceding the introduction of the Fresnel lens certainly had been improvements over the open fires or candles in lantern rooms. Still, they could trap only a small percentage of the light. All prior systems paled by comparison with the Fresnel lens. The first Fresnel lens, installed in the elegant Cardovan Tower lighthouse on France's Gironde River in 1822, was visible to the horizon, more than 20 miles away. Sailors had long romanticized lighthouses. Now scientists could rhapsodize, too. "Nothing can be more beautiful than an entire apparatus for a fixed light," one engineer said of Fresnel's device. "I know of no work of art more beautifully creditable to the boldness, ardor, intelligence, and zeal of the artist." Fresnel lenses soon shone along the ragged coastlines of Europe, but surprisingly, America was slower to see the light. As mariners came to depend on Europe's powerful new lights, they complained bitterly about the puny lamps lighting America's coasts. Despite the clear superiority of Fresnel lenses, the parsimonious bureaucrat in charge of federal lighthouses, Stephen Pleasanton, considered the cost prohibitive. Finally, the uproar became so great that in 1838 Congress launched an investigation. It was not until then that Congress coughed up the cash to import a few Fresnel lenses. The first were installed in 1841 inside the two towers at Navesink Lighthouse, overlooking the approach to New York Harbor. Only after 1852, when the United States created a Lighthouse Board made up of eminent scientists and mariners, including Joseph Henry of the Smithsonian and Alexander Bache of the U.S. Coast Survey, did the great lenses really begin to light America's coastline. By the Civil War, nearly all lighthouses in the United States had Fresnel lenses.

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Ah okay. So the Optivaron was made to the C mount standard and it was the Beaulieu flange depth that was adjusted to accomodate the filter - not the lens. So if the logmar flange depth is standard (and correct), and the lens is good, then nothing required.

Collimation has nothing to do with the adjustment of focus. One cannot set a lens’ focus with a collimator. The (auto)collimator is an instrument for checking and adjusting deviating angles.

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Fresnel worked out a number of formulas to calculate the way light changes direction, or refracts, while passing through glass prisms. Working with some of the most advanced glassmakers of the day, he produced a combination of prism shapes that together made up a lens. The Fresnel lighthouse lens used a large lamp at the focal plane as its light source. It also contained a central panel of magnifying glasses surrounded above and below by concentric rings of prisms and mirrors, all angled to gather light, intensify it and project it outward. The various reflector systems installed in lighthouses during the 40 years preceding the introduction of the Fresnel lens certainly had been improvements over the open fires or candles in lantern rooms. Still, they could trap only a small percentage of the light. All prior systems paled by comparison with the Fresnel lens. The first Fresnel lens, installed in the elegant Cardovan Tower lighthouse on France's Gironde River in 1822, was visible to the horizon, more than 20 miles away. Sailors had long romanticized lighthouses. Now scientists could rhapsodize, too. "Nothing can be more beautiful than an entire apparatus for a fixed light," one engineer said of Fresnel's device. "I know of no work of art more beautifully creditable to the boldness, ardor, intelligence, and zeal of the artist." Fresnel lenses soon shone along the ragged coastlines of Europe, but surprisingly, America was slower to see the light. As mariners came to depend on Europe's powerful new lights, they complained bitterly about the puny lamps lighting America's coasts. Despite the clear superiority of Fresnel lenses, the parsimonious bureaucrat in charge of federal lighthouses, Stephen Pleasanton, considered the cost prohibitive. Finally, the uproar became so great that in 1838 Congress launched an investigation. It was not until then that Congress coughed up the cash to import a few Fresnel lenses. The first were installed in 1841 inside the two towers at Navesink Lighthouse, overlooking the approach to New York Harbor. Only after 1852, when the United States created a Lighthouse Board made up of eminent scientists and mariners, including Joseph Henry of the Smithsonian and Alexander Bache of the U.S. Coast Survey, did the great lenses really begin to light America's coastline. By the Civil War, nearly all lighthouses in the United States had Fresnel lenses.

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Anyway, will see what happens. Just got word from Logmar that they are getting their test back next week, after which they'll be FedExing the camera.

Fresnel lenses soon shone along the ragged coastlines of Europe, but surprisingly, America was slower to see the light. As mariners came to depend on Europe's powerful new lights, they complained bitterly about the puny lamps lighting America's coasts.

The various reflector systems installed in lighthouses during the 40 years preceding the introduction of the Fresnel lens certainly had been improvements over the open fires or candles in lantern rooms. Still, they could trap only a small percentage of the light. All prior systems paled by comparison with the Fresnel lens. The first Fresnel lens, installed in the elegant Cardovan Tower lighthouse on France's Gironde River in 1822, was visible to the horizon, more than 20 miles away. Sailors had long romanticized lighthouses. Now scientists could rhapsodize, too. "Nothing can be more beautiful than an entire apparatus for a fixed light," one engineer said of Fresnel's device. "I know of no work of art more beautifully creditable to the boldness, ardor, intelligence, and zeal of the artist." Fresnel lenses soon shone along the ragged coastlines of Europe, but surprisingly, America was slower to see the light. As mariners came to depend on Europe's powerful new lights, they complained bitterly about the puny lamps lighting America's coasts. Despite the clear superiority of Fresnel lenses, the parsimonious bureaucrat in charge of federal lighthouses, Stephen Pleasanton, considered the cost prohibitive. Finally, the uproar became so great that in 1838 Congress launched an investigation. It was not until then that Congress coughed up the cash to import a few Fresnel lenses. The first were installed in 1841 inside the two towers at Navesink Lighthouse, overlooking the approach to New York Harbor. Only after 1852, when the United States created a Lighthouse Board made up of eminent scientists and mariners, including Joseph Henry of the Smithsonian and Alexander Bache of the U.S. Coast Survey, did the great lenses really begin to light America's coastline. By the Civil War, nearly all lighthouses in the United States had Fresnel lenses.

The microscope objective is a key component for reaching high performance of a microscope. It is the part which is placed next to the observed object.

At first, an oil lamp with five wicks provided the light source. Kerosene was the preferred fuel. With the advent of electricity, lamps came into use.

While Jean-Louis does say it was the camera flange depth that differed, I completely glossed over that. Indeed re-reading it now, I'm not sure I understand his reply at all. If it was the Beaulieu flange depth that was non-standard - to accomodate the filter, then the lens wouldn't have been "collimated" to this particular camera at all - since the non-standard flange depth + filter would have recorrected everything, ie. before the lens was brought into the picture..