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Taha, B.A.; Ali, N.; Sapiee, N.M.; Fadhel, M.M.; Mat Yeh, R.M.; Bachok, N.N.; Al Mashhadany, Y.; Arsad, N. Comprehensive Review Tapered Optical Fiber Configurations for Sensing Application: Trend and Challenges. Biosensors 2021, 11, 253. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11080253

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On Nikon F-mount lenses this stands for Vibration Reduction; Nikon’s name for its optical image stabilisation system. Image stabilisation keeps a lens steady when it’s being hand-held, allowing for the use of slower shutter speeds without the need for a tripod.

The Nikkor AF-S 14-24mm f/2.8G ED was introduced in 2007, and is quite simply a beautiful feat of optical engineering. It delivers images of outstanding sharpness thanks to its extra-low dispersion elements and the Nano Crystal Coating and Super Integrated Coating that have been added. It’s also weather-sealed, and the constant aperture of f/2.8 enables real creative freedom.

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Often the first lens DSLR users buy after the 18-55mm that came with their camera is a telephoto zoom. But there’s a huge number to choose from, with Nikon alone offering six for its DX-format SLRs, distinguished only by opaque combinations of letters in their names.

The lenses on this list aren’t just for DSLRs, however. The best Nikon mirrorless cameras in the Z system have taken centre-stage in recent years, but thanks to Nikon’s FTZ mount adapters, Nikon F lenses can be used on these cameras, too. In most cases, they’ll work with full functionality of autofocus and stabilisation, so owners of mirrorless cameras will also find bargains from our list. It includes a mix of new available lenses and some only available second-hand for bigger savings.

A discontinued lens that can still be acquired at a good price second-hand, the Nikon 28-300mm f/3.5-5.6G VR delivers unparalleled versatility for a Nikon DSLR user. It’s one of the few superzoom lenses that’s compatible with full-frame. Does it deliver the kind of optical quality you get from Nikon’s prime lenses? No, of course not – but it does pretty well across the entire zoom range, and you won’t have any problem shooting dynamic, striking images with it.

Amy is a highly experienced photography and technology journalist who has been working on AP since 2018, having been working in the industry since 2009. She is a graduate of the magazine journalism course at Cardiff University and has written for a wide range of publications and websites. As Features Editor, she is responsible for commissioning an eclectic mix of features connected to general photography, along with interviews. She is also a very experienced reviewer of cameras and associated technology, with her reviews featured on multiple sites including TechRadar, Digital Camera World, Trusted Reviews, ePhotozine, Stuff, Expert Reviews, T3, Photography Blog and more. She is also an expert on smartphone photography and smartphones generally.

While it can be hard to find new, especially in the UK, the Nikkor AF-S 14-24mm f/2.8G ED can be picked up used for less than $749 / £689, and is a steal at that price.

It certainly delivers impressive image quality though, with Vibration Reduction helping to keep shots steady, for which it is to be commended.

One downside is the rather uninspiring maximum aperture of f/3.5-5.6. This is part and parcel of keeping the lens to a sensible weight and cost, but all the same, those who want to create striking shallow depth of field or beautiful bokeh will want to look elsewhere.

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With an array of exotic glasses and coatings, it’s designed for use on the latest high-resolution DSLRs such as the 45.7MP Nikon D850. It can also be used with DX-format cameras, giving a 36-105mm equivalent range.

An upmarket version of Nikon’s standard zoom, the AF-S DX Nikkor 16-80mm f/2.8-4E ED VR commands a premium in price. However, for the money, you do get a more generous maximum aperture of f/2.8-4. What’s more, the price gap between the 16-80mm f/2.8-4E and the 16-85mm f/3.5-5.6 has narrowed now that both are on the second-hand market. New, there would have been about $300/£300 between them; now it’s more like $100/£100.

The brighter f/1.8 aperture will be of benefit to those shooting in low-light conditions, and we expect those interested in astrophotography would be well served by this lens.

Wide-angle lenses (around 8-35mm) are good for capturing expansive scenes like landscapes, and conveying scale in architecture. Standard lenses (40-75mm) provide a natural perspective, useful for street photography and documentary photography. Telephoto lenses (80mm and higher) are good for bringing distant subjects like wildlife into sharp focus, or flattering facial features for portraits.

The maximum aperture is relatively slow, running from f/3.5 to f/5.6 once you’ve zoomed in. This will be fine for most day-to-day shooting, but you may start to struggle once light levels start to get low – though the aforementioned stabilisation will help by letting you get away with slower shutter speeds to let in more light.

For many years, 50mm primes (or ‘nifty fifties’) were sold as general-purpose lenses with 35mm film cameras, but they fell out of favour for a few decades. Recently, however, there has been a resurgence in their popularity for use with APS-C format DSLRs. They tend to be small, light and relatively cheap, yet very sharp, and perfect for shooting portraits.

For more have a look at the latest news, lens reviews, and buying guides, or have a look at the best Nikon DSLRs, and the best Nikon mirrorless cameras.

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The Nikon AF-S 500mm f/5.6E PF ED VR lens is the lightest 500mm full-frame telephoto prime lens; weighing just 1.46kg, it is lighter than most 150-600mm zoom lenses – light enough to shoot with handheld. The Vibration Reduction system gives 4-stops of stabilisation.

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This lens is legendary in landscape photography circles. If you’ve seen any competition shortlists for landscape photography in the past 10 years, then you’ve seen an image taken with it.

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This lens has been on the market for almost a decade now, meaning good prices can often be had if you’re prepared to shop around.

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The lens gives impressive image quality, as well as rapid focus performance, making it ideal for when a telephoto prime lens is required. When we took the lens to Lords Cricket Ground for a sporting field test, we discovered just how well it delivers the goods: ‘If I were a Nikon user planning to go on safari, I’d put my name down to hire this lens…’ noted our reviewer at the time.

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Sometimes only the very best will do, and when it comes to standard zooms on a full-frame Nikon body, this is it. The latest version of Nikon’s pro workhorse lens adds optical image stabilisation and uses an electromagnetic diaphragm, which provides much-improved functionality when shooting in live view, and for video work.

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The Nikon AF-S Nikkor 20mm f/1.8G ED is a high-quality wide-angle prime lens, giving high-quality images, particularly at f/5.6-f/8 where we found it gave impressive resolution. It was only in the very corners of the image where we found slight blur. Distortion is also kept well controlled, with minimal vignetting and chromatic aberration. These are solved in-camera if you shoot JPEG images, or alternatively can be quickly fixed in photo editing software.

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Nikon’s AF-S 50mm f/1.8G is a classic example of the type, and will also work on full-frame cameras. We found it performed well across the board. Overall, Nikon has succeeded in taking a classic design and making it even better.

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Yes. Nikon F-mount lenses can be used with Nikon mirrorless cameras, thanks to the FTZ or FTZ II mount adapters. In most cases, the adapter will give you full functionality of autofocus and stabilisation.

Taha BA, Ali N, Sapiee NM, Fadhel MM, Mat Yeh RM, Bachok NN, Al Mashhadany Y, Arsad N. Comprehensive Review Tapered Optical Fiber Configurations for Sensing Application: Trend and Challenges. Biosensors. 2021; 11(8):253. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11080253

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For a lens that will also work on full-frame, you’ll need the similarly-named Nikon AF-S Nikkor 35mm f/1.8G, but this costs almost three times as much. Other important things to know about this lens are its 30cm minimum focus distance, it accepts filters and adapters via a 52mm thread and accepts Nikon’s HB-46 lens hood.

Super-fast autofocus and top-notch build quality round off a truly excellent package. Overall, it’s a superb, fast standard zoom that is perfect for a range of shooting environments.

Being an AF-P lens, though, it’s not compatible with Nikon DSLRs that were released five years or more ago – if you use an older model, you’ll need to buy the Nikon AF-S DX Nikkor 55-300mm f/4.5-5.6G ED VR.

The F-mount underpins Nikon’s legendary system of DSLRs. A list of the best Nikon DSLRs includes some of the greatest cameras ever made: the fast-shooting Nikon D850, for example, was regarded for years as the best wildlife camera money could buy.

Again, though, its AF-P designation means that it only works on relatively recent APS-C DSLRs, so check compatibility before you buy. Otherwise, this is a great complement to a standard zoom for subjects such as landscapes, interiors, real estate and architecture, where you’d like to squeeze as much as possible in the frame.

It’s worth noting that, due to its 3.5kg weight, you might not want to carry it around for too long. A monopod can help out here, as we discovered when we took it for a review at a bird-in-flight workshop. Nikon has created an absolutely sensational lens, but the high price will have the final say over the number of photographers who get to use it.

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The lens is equally suitable for use on full-frame and DX format DSLRs, giving a 135mm view on the latter. To get even better results, you’d need to invest in an 85mm f/1.4, with Sigma’s 85mm f/1.4 Art DG HSM ($ 1,199 / £929) being a fine example. If you don’t have that kind of budget, this is a very tempting alternative.

Taha, Bakr Ahmed, Norazida Ali, Nurfarhana Mohamad Sapiee, Mahmoud Muhanad Fadhel, Ros Maria Mat Yeh, Nur Nadia Bachok, Yousif Al Mashhadany, and Norhana Arsad. 2021. "Comprehensive Review Tapered Optical Fiber Configurations for Sensing Application: Trend and Challenges" Biosensors 11, no. 8: 253. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11080253

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To take portraits to a higher level, then a large-aperture, short-telephoto prime is the way to go. Nikon’s AF-S 85mm f/1.8 is a good quality yet reasonably affordable choice, with fast autofocus and sharp optics. With a nine-bladed circular aperture, it can also provide very attractively blurred backgrounds. The lens is also nice and light, weighing less than the previous version despite having a more complex optical interior with more glass elements. The front of the lens doesn’t rotate when focusing, meaning you can freely use circular filters.

Welcome to our guide to the best lenses for Nikon F-mount. Here we pick out the best of the best lenses for full-frame Nikon DSLRs based on the many that we’ve tested and reviewed over the years.

Large-aperture prime lenses allow you to shoot indoors without flash, or blur backgrounds for creative effect. Not only is this small 35mm prime one of the best Nikon lenses of its type for APS-C DSLR users, it’s also very sharp. With a view roughly equivalent to a 50mm prime on full-frame, it’s suitable for subjects from street photography to portraits.

At the other end of the scale, cameras in the Nikon D3000 series like the Nikon D3500 were such popular beginners’ cameras (and to an extent still are) as to be used as standard on introductory photography college courses everywhere.

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An f/2.8 lens has a maximum aperture setting of f/2.8. The lower the number (eg f/1.4), the larger the aperture, and the more light a lens will let in. This also allows for shallow depth of field, which is handy for portraits. Some zoom lenses have a variable maximum aperture like f/3.5-5.6 – this means the maximum aperture changes depending on how far the lens is zoomed in.

You’ll see these letters in the names of all Nikon F-mount lenses, and they refer to the sensor size of the camera they pair with. Nikon DSLRs come in two varieties – APS-C sensor (DX) and full-frame sensor (FX). A DX lens will create a smaller image circle, designed to fit a smaller APS-C sensor found on Nikon’s DX series DSLRs, such as the Nikon D5600.

We should also mention the Vibration Reduction (VR) functionality, which really does work well in low light. Much slower shutter speeds than normal still produce sharp pictures, which makes this lens an ideal all-in-one, carry-everywhere choice.

The most up-to-date is the AF-P 70- 300mm f/4.5-6.3 VR: a compact, image-stabilised optic with a usefully long zoom range and the latest fast, silent AF-P motor for autofocus that’s also suitable for video work.

Nikon DSLR users had long been crying out for a lightweight, inexpensive wide-angle zoom, and finally it arrived in the shape of this 10-20mm lens for APS-C (its focal range works out to an equivalent of 15-30mm when mounted on DX cameras). Optically it’s OK, if not outstanding, but the short minimum focus distance provides plenty of versatility, making it a solid jack-of-many-trades for a reasonable price. The built-in optical stabilisation (VR) is excellent, providing compensation equivalent to 3.5 stops. Arguably, it’s less useful on a wide-angle like this than it would be on a telephoto, but there’s no harm in having it, particularly if you plan to do a lot of low-light shooting.

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Prime lenses have a fixed focal length, while zoom lenses have a focal range that let you get closer to or further from your subject. Prime lenses produce superior optical quality, so picking between the two types is generally a choice between sharpness vs versatility.

For those blessed with the budget, Nikon’s AF-S Nikkor 180-400mm f/4E TC1.4 FL ED VR lens offers not only a 180-400mm telephoto zoom, but also features a built-in 1.4x teleconverter. With the new price of $12,396 / £10,999, it might be a lens to consider hiring for special shoots.

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We’ve reported previously on 35 F-mount lenses being discontinued in recent years. Despite this, there are still a vast number of lenses available new, and in the used camera market. A discontinued lens may still be a very good, or indeed a great performing lens. The most recent Nikon DSLRs released were the Nikon D780 and Nikon D6 – both in 2020.

If you’ve outgrown the 18-55mm kit zoom that came when you bought your camera, this might just be the perfect upgrade. It offers a usefully extended zoom range, from 24mm equivalent wide-angle to 128mm telephoto, while providing a respectable optical performance that’s aided by a fast ultrasonic-type autofocus motor and built-in image stabilisation.

Read on to find out which lenses we’ve picked. For newer options in Nikon’s mirrorless system, check out our guide to the best Nikon Z-mount lenses. If you’re new to buying lenses and need a primer, scroll to the bottom of the page where we’ve included an explainer section of key specs with answers to some frequently asked questions.

This makes the AF-S DX Nikkor 16-80mm f/2.8-4E ED VR highly attractive, and as we noted in our review, it’s an excellent lens all-around. Vibration Reduction (optical image stabilisation), an electromagnetic diaphragm, a 5x zoom and the aforementioned generous maximum aperture, all wrapped up in a lightweight body make it impressive. Our AF-S DX Nikkor 16-80mm f/2.8-4E ED VR test results showed good centre sharpness, with some expected drop-off in the corners, especially at large apertures.

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The lens has a 58mm filter thread and a construction of seven elements in six groups. Don’t confuse it with the cheaper AF 50mm f/1.8D, which won’t autofocus on Nikon’s entry-level D3000-series or D5000-series DSLRs.

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Which is the best Nikon F lens for your DSLR setup? As different lenses suit different kinds of subject, the choice depends largely on what you plan to photograph. Here is a quick guide to the main considerations when picking a Nikon F lens.

Sure, you don’t get more modern features like lightning-fast autofocus and optical stabilisation, but landscape photographers don’t really need them. The main thing that’s likely to annoy landscape shooters is the fact that you can’t attach filters to the bulbous front element. Workarounds exist, such as the Lee Filters SW150 system, but they will add to the cost of the lens, so bear that in mind.

Abstract: Understanding environmental information is necessary for functions correlated with human activities to improve healthcare quality and reduce ecological risk. Tapered optical fibers reduce some limitations of such devices and can be considerably more responsive to fluorescence and absorption properties changes. Data have been collected from reliable sources such as Science Direct, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar. In this narrative review, we have summarized and analyzed eight classes of tapered-fiber forms: fiber Bragg grating (FBG), long-period fiber grating (LPFG), Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI), photonic crystals fiber (PCF), surface plasmonic resonance (SPR), multi-taper devices, fiber loop ring-down technology, and optical tweezers. We evaluated many issues to make an informed judgement about the viability of employing the best of these methods in optical sensors. The analysis of performance for tapered optical fibers depends on four mean parameters: taper length, sensitivity, wavelength scale, and waist diameter. Finally, we assess the most potent strategy that has the potential for medical and environmental applications. Keywords: tapered optical fiber; optical sensors; Bragg grating; microstructure; refractive index sensor

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