Raman spectroscopyprinciple

For an abdominal CVS, your belly will be cleansed with an antiseptic. You will be instructed not to touch the sterile area on your belly during the procedure.

You may or may not be asked to have a full bladder right before the procedure. Depending on the position of the uterus and placenta, a full or empty bladder may help move the uterus into a better position for the procedure.

Cervix. This is the lower part of the uterus that dips down into the vagina. It is made of mostly fibrous tissue and muscle. It has a circular shape.

Anti stokes raman spectroscopyprinciple

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a prenatal test. It’s used to test for chromosomal abnormalities and other genetic problems. During the test, a tissue sample is taken from the placenta and sent to a lab for analysis. The placenta is a structure in the uterus that provides blood and nutrients from the mother to the baby.

Anti stokes raman spectroscopywikipedia

Uterus (womb). This is a hollow, pear-shaped organ in a woman's lower belly. It sits between the bladder and the rectum. It sheds its lining each month during menstruation. When a fertilized egg (ovum) becomes implanted in the lining, a baby grows.

Umbilical cord. This is a rope-like cord that connects the baby to the placenta. The umbilical cord has two arteries and a vein. They carry oxygen and nutrients to the baby and waste products away from the baby.

coherent anti-stokesraman spectroscopyof single and multi-layer graphene

Based on the location of the placenta, the CVS procedure will be performed through your cervix (transcervical). Or it will be done through your abdominal wall (transabdominal).

You and your baby will be watched for a while after the procedure. Your vital signs and the baby’s heart rate will be checked periodically for an hour or longer.

The CVS tissue will be sent to a genetics lab for analysis. Counseling with a genetics specialist may be advised depending on the test results.

Tell your provider if you are Rh negative. During the CVS procedure, blood cells from the mother and baby can mix. This may lead to Rh sensitization and breaking down of the baby’s red blood cells. In most cases, prenatal blood tests will have found out if you are Rh negative. You may be asked to provide these lab results before the procedure.

Tell your provider about all the medicines that you are taking. This includes prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, herbs, and other supplements.

You should rest at home. Don’t do any strenuous activities for at least 24 hours. Don't douche or have sex for 2 weeks, or until directed by your healthcare provider.

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Tell your healthcare provider if you are sensitive to or are allergic to any medicines, latex, iodine, tape, and anesthetic medicines (local and general).

There may be other risks depending on your specific health condition. Talk about any concerns with your healthcare provider before the procedure.

coherent anti-stokesramanscattering microscopy

Ultrasound will be used to help guide a long, thin, hollow needle through your belly and into the uterus and placenta. This may be slightly painful. You may feel a cramp as the needle enters the uterus.

A CVS procedure may be done on an outpatient basis. This means you go home the same day. Or it may be done as part of a hospital stay. Procedures may vary depending on your condition and your healthcare provider’s practices.

Like many medical facilities across the nation, our supply chain is feeling the effects of Hurricane Helene’s aftermath. Johns Hopkins Medicine currently has a sufficient sterile fluid supply to meet treatment, surgical and emergency needs. However, we have put proactive conservation measures into place to ensure normal operations, always with patient safety as our first priority. Examples of sterile fluids include intravenous (IV), irrigation and dialysis fluids. Learn more.

Tell your provider if you have a history of bleeding disorders or if you are taking any blood-thinning (anticoagulant) medicines, aspirin, or any other medicines that may affect blood clotting. You may need to stop these medicines before the procedure.

The Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory managed by Princeton University. To learn more, visit pppl.gov.

what is coherent anti-stokesraman spectroscopy

CARS has been proven to be a very useful spectroscopic tool for measuring Raman rotational and vibrational spectra. The fs/ps hybrid CARS diagnostic developed at Princeton [1,2] allows for in-situ single shot coherent Raman spectroscopy at kHz rate. The laser source is a Spectra Physics Solstice Ace equipped with an Optical Parametric Amplifier, delivering 1 mJ of 100 fs pulses at 1 kHz in the 1400-1800 nm NIR region for the pump and Stokes beams. The probe beam is obtained by spectrally filtering the 800 nm fundamental. The CARS signal is recorded by a Princeton Instruments imaging spectrometer equipped with a Hamamatsu C9100 cooled EMCCD camera for trace detection, or with an intensified PCO DIMAX HD fast camera for temperature measurements at 1 kHz. This hybrid technique combines the robustness of frequency-resolved CARS with the advantages of time-resolved CARS spectroscopy. Using this hybrid technique, we have demonstrated real-time standoff detection of molecular species based on their vibrational spectra, with high sensitivity and selectivity [3-5]. We can utilize this powerful diagnostic for measuring concentration of negative ions in the low-temperature gaseous plasma and spectroscopically investigate the nanoparticle dynamics. From our trace detection limit using CARS to measure sub-ng of targets in real-time [5], we estimate to be able to collect the coherent Raman spectra from C60 at densities less than 1011 cm-3. Furthermore, the hybrid CARS setup allows for real-time non-equilibrium temperature measurements in gases and plasmas by simultaneously recording the rotational and vibrational spectra in a single shot with kHz repetition rate. Our diagnostic has the capability of single-shot non-equilibrium temperature measurements with 1kHz rate at densities below 1 Torr [6,7]. This allows for measurement of minor species down to 0.1% of an atmospheric pressure mixture. Additionally, using the LINE-CARS approach [2,5] to record 1-D images in a single shot, we can also spatially resolve mixtures of gases.

The chorionic villi are tiny projections of placental tissue that look like fingers. They have the same genetic material as the baby. Testing may be done for other genetic defects and disorders. This will depend on the family history, and on the types of lab testing that are available at the time of the procedure.

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Amniotic sac. This is a thin-walled sac that surrounds the baby during pregnancy. The sac is filled with amniotic fluid. This is liquid made by the baby. The sac also contains the amnion. This is the membrane that covers the fetal side of the placenta. This protects the baby from injury and helps to control the temperature of the baby.

Another test that may be used to diagnose genetic and chromosomal defects is amniocentesis. This test does give information on neural tube defects.

CVS is usually done between the 10th and 12th weeks of pregnancy. Unlike amniocentesis (another type of prenatal test), CVS does not provide information on neural tube defects, such as spina bifida. For this reason, women who have CVS also need a follow-up blood test between 16 to 18 weeks of their pregnancy. This is to screen for neural tube defects.

If you are Rh negative, you may be given Rho(D) immune globulin. This is a special blood product that can prevent an Rh negative mother's antibodies from reacting to Rh positive fetal cells.

Chorionic villus sampling may be used for genetic and chromosome testing in the first trimester of pregnancy. Reasons that a woman might choose to have CVS include:

The healthcare provider may inject a local anesthetic to numb the skin. If a local anesthetic is used, you will feel a needle stick when the anesthetic is injected. This may cause a brief stinging feeling.

You will be asked to sign a consent form that gives your healthcare provider permission to do the procedure. Before you sign, read the form carefully. Ask questions if anything isn't clear.

Placenta. This is a flat organ that only grows during pregnancy. It gives nutrients and other substances from the mother to the baby. The placenta allows the baby to take in oxygen, food, and other substances. It also lets the baby get rid of carbon dioxide and other wastes.

If a transabdominal procedure was done, check the bandaged needle site on your belly for any bleeding or leaking of other fluid.

Cells will be gently suctioned through the tube into a syringe. You may feel a twinge or slight cramping. More than 1 sample may be needed to get enough tissue for testing.