In the domain of optics, a light prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that refract, or bend, light.

Ans. The magnification of a lens is defined as the ratio of the height of an image to the height of an object. Microscope magnification measures the total enlargement of the image of an object. Magnification power is the product of eyepiece lens power and objective lens power.

Ans. Condensers are lenses that are used to collect and focus light from the illuminator into the specimen. They are found under the stage next to the diaphragm of the microscope. They play a major role in ensuring clear sharp images are produced with a high magnification of 400X and above. Abbe condenser is a condenser specially designed for high-quality microscopes, which makes the condenser to be movable and allows very high magnification of above 400X. High-quality microscopes normally have a high numerical aperture than objective lenses.

1. Illuminator (Light Source)2. Diaphragm (Iris)3. Condenser4. Condenser Focus Knob5. Rack Stop6. Stage7. Stage Control Knobs8. Nose Piece9. Objective Lens10. Tube (Head)11. Eyepiece (Ocular Lens)12. Diopter Adjustment13. Adjustment Knobs (Fine Adjustment Knob and Coarse Adjustment Knob)14. Arm15. Base16. Light Switch17. Brightness Adjustment

Partsof microscopeand itsfunction

These fast, motorized precision servo stages are designed to meet high duty cycle automation requirements for advanced applications, where reliable, high accuracy motion with nanometer precision and high velocity is required.

PI develops proprietary brushless electromagnetic voice-coil and 3-phase motors for applications where a precision positioning system needs to achieve specific performance characteristics that cannot be met by a commercially available motor. Typical examples would be higher force density requirements or ultra-compact designs for space limited environments. The motors developed by PI are identified by the PIMag® brand name and are used in linear motor stages, linear actuators and direct drive rotary tables.

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Suitable for fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Properties and Photophysical Data: Excitation and emission maxima (λ) are 649 ...

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V-508 precision linear positioning stages are available with ironless linear motors and iron-core linear motors. Ironless linear motors are particularly suitable for positioning tasks with the highest demands on precision because there is no undesirable interaction (cogging) with the permanent magnets. This allows for smoother running with better constant velocity control even at very low speed and at the same time, eliminates vibration at high velocities. Due to the lack of hysteresis, the controller does not have to deal with nonlinearity and the drive force can be set freely and can be controlled precisely.

High Power Objective Lens (40x). This is referred to as the high powered objective lens since it is ideal for observing the small details within a specimen ...

Function ofnosepiecein microscope

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V-508 high precision linear translation stages are employed in industry and research in fields such as measuring technology, photonics alignment, semiconductor scanning / wafer inspection, optics and sensor calibration, laser inscription and processing, micro-assembly, medical engineering and other applications where high precision motion and 24/7 reliability are required. Due to the compact size and nanometer resolution, V-508 systems also provide excellent performance as delay line stages and in other high stability nanopositioning applications.

Ans. A microscope is an optical instrument with one or more lens systems that are used to get a clear, magnified image of minute objects or structures that can’t be viewed by the naked eye.

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Function ofarmin microscope

2020122 — What is depth of field? Depth of field (DOF) is the term used to describe the size of the area in your image where objects appear acceptably ...

Eyepiecelensmicroscope

For very high force/load applications, screw-driven stages can be advantageous, however at the cost of accuracy and speed.

The V-508 family of high-precision linear motor stages provides high speed and accuracy in a very compact, low-profile package. These closed-loop, motorized nanopositioning stages are well suited for high-dynamics 24/7 industrial automation applications, based on a concept that was designed with reliability in mind – high performance bearings, zero-friction linear motors, non-contact optical position sensors, and an FEA (finite element analysis) optimized body for stiffness and thermal stability.

A beam of light is passed through the condenser to the specimen. The light transmitted from the specimen enters the objective lens. While passing through the objectives, the transmitted rays are spread so that they appear to come from the bigger objects.

Ans. The eyepiece, also known as the ocular is the part used to look through the microscope. Its found at the top of the microscope. Its standard magnification is 10x with an optional eyepiece having magnifications from 5X – 30X. Objective Lens are the major lenses used for specimen visualization. They have a magnification power of 40x-100x. There are about 1- 4 objective lenses placed on one microscope, in that some are rare facing and others face forward.

PIMag® precision linear stage, 80 mm x 25 mm cross section, 250 mm travel range, 100 N load capacity, PIOne linear encoder with sin/cos signal transmission, 2 µm sensor signal period, iron core 3-phase linear motor, 48 V

Microscopes are made up of lenses for magnification, each with its own magnification powers. Depending on the type of lens, it will magnify the specimen according to its focal strength.

PIMag® precision linear stage, 80 mm × 25 mm cross section, 170 mm travel range, 100 N load capacity, absolute encoder, 78 nm sensor resolution, iron core 3-phase linear motor, 48 V

The grating equation for reflection in air yields: with 𝛼,𝛽 and m represent the incidence angle, diffraction angle and the diffraction order, respectively. • ...

These compact linear motion stages can carry loads to 10 kg (100 N). The moving platform of the translation stage covers the whole stage base and provides travel ranges of 80 mm, 170 mm, and 250 mm. Higher load capacities and longer travel range stages, up to 1 m and more, are available in a variety of direct drive and screw-drive linear translation stages offered by PI, including air bearing linear slides and stepper motor stages.

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1. Ocular Lens (Eye Piece)2. Diopter Adjustment3. Head4. Nose Piece5. Objective Lens6. Arm (Carrying Handle)7. Mechanical Stage8. Stage Clip9. Aperture10. Diaphragm11. Condenser12. Coarse Adjustment13. Fine Adjustment14. Illuminator (Light Source)15. Stage Controls16. Base17. Brightness Adjustment18. Light Switch

Their ability to function is because they have been constructed with special components that enable them to achieve high magnification levels. They can view very small specimens and distinguish their structural differences, for example, the view of animal and plant cells viewing microscopic bacterial cells.

What iseyepiece in microscope

Beam expansion systems (also referred to as Beam Expander) are used for optimum adaption of beam cross sections between light sources (i.e. laser) and ...

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Equipped with precision, long-life, crossed-roller guides with anti-cage creep mechanism, the V-508 translation stages provide excellent straightness and flatness specs. Crossed-roller bearings also provide higher load capacity compared to ball bearings and very smooth motion. Together with the high-performance linear motor and sensor, they make the V-508 compact linear motion stage series an ideal solution for alignment, test, manufacturing, measuring and delay line applications.

The light is then focused on the eyepiece lens. This lens further magnifies the pre-magnified image coming from the objectives.

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Function ofbody tubein microscope

Having been constructed in the 16th Century, microscopes have revolutionized science with their ability to magnify small objects such as microbial cells, producing images with definitive structures that are identifiable and characterizable.

Function ofobjective lensin microscope

PIMag® precision linear stage, 80 mm × 25 mm cross section, 250 mm travel range, 100 N load capacity, absolute encoder, 78 nm sensor resolution, ironless 3-phase linear motor, 48 V

Linear positioning stages are sometimes also referred to as linear slides and rodless linear actuators. A single-axis motorized linear stage can move a workpiece or sample in one degree of freedom. Its moving platform is guided by a mechanical, magnetic or air bearing system against the stationary base. Motorized linear translation stages provide higher precision than manual stages and are often used to automate industrial processes. Motorized stages come in many different variations - most common drive systems consist of a rotary motor (stepper motor or servo motor) coupled to a drive screw that is connected via a nut to the moving platform. Direct drive linear translation stages replace the rotary motor / screw combination with a noncontact electromagnetic coil (forcer) and magnet track. The lack of friction eliminates wear and allows for higher velocity, acceleration and reliability. For highest precision, a position sensor (usually an optical linear encoder) is integrated in the stage base and moving platform, providing exact position information to a computer programmable motion controller.

A selection of advanced, single-axis and multi-axis motor and automation controllers with extensive software packages are available to extract the maximum performance from these high precision linear positioning stages (see controller recommendations in the specification tables). For the highest performance requirements, we recommend our EtherCat®-based closed-loop ACS controller families (A-8xx and G-9xx series). They allow for dynamic error compensation in one or more axes, further enhancing the performance of the compact V-508 linear motion stages. Especially when path accuracy, tight velocity regulation and motion synchronization of multiple axes are critical, as well as ultra-low position noise and the fastest step-and-settle dynamics, these ACS-based motor controllers provide superior performance. For synchronization with external events or triggering, several options including a special Laser Control Module are available. ACS is a global leader in motion control solutions and part of the PI Group.

Ans. The coarse adjustment knob moves the stage up and down to bring the specimen into focus. The fine adjustment knob brings the specimen into sharp focus under low power and is used for all focusing when using high-power lenses.

There are different types of microscopes like light microscope, dark-field microscope, phase contrast microscope, electron microscope, fluorescent microscope, etc.

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Ans. Rack stop is included in the microscope for preventing the specimen slide from coming too far up and hitting the objective lens.

Microscopes are generally made up of structural parts for holding and supporting the microscope and its components and the optical parts that are used for magnification and viewing of the specimen images. Modern microscopes have additional electronics and display devices. This description defines the parts of a microscope and the functions they perform to enable the visualization of specimens.

On the other hand, when the highest force and acceleration in the smallest stage design is required, iron core linear motors provide an advantage. The iron core design maximizes the magnetic forces and ensures high thermal stability of the motor with high loads. PI offers high performance motion controllers with special algorithms that reduce the cogging effects of iron-core 3-phase motors and can also reduce the peak current requirements in highly dynamic applications.

Microscopes are instruments that are used in science laboratories to visualize very minute objects, such as cells and microorganisms, giving a contrasting image that is magnified.

The optical parts of the microscope are used to view, magnify, and produce an image from a specimen placed on a slide. These parts include:

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In-series SMA adapters, also known as gender-changing SMA adapters, can connect with other SMA connectors at both ends. These connectors provide conversion ...

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Function ofdiopter adjustmentin microscope

At PI, technical data is specified at 22 ±3 °C. Unless otherwise stated, the values are for unloaded conditions. Some properties are interdependent. The designation "typ." indicates a statistical average for a property; it does not indicate a guaranteed value for every product supplied. During the final inspection of a product, only selected properties are analyzed, not all. Please note that some product characteristics may deteriorate with increasing operating time.

Please note that at the moment only a limited selelction of variants of this product family is available. If you require further information contact us via info@pi.ws.

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2-axis and 3-axis stage combinations are feasible. XY tables can be built by stacking two single-axis stages, while a custom Z-axis with weight force compensation can be used for XYZ translation stage combinations. Another Z-axis option is the very compact V-308 vertical linear stage with user-adjustable integrated magnetic counterbalance.

Driven by in-house developed, frictionless, brushless 3-phase linear motors and controlled by direct-measuring linear encoders, the V-508 series linear translation stages can provide high resolution linear motion with minimum increments down to 1 nanometer, for the highest performance variants.

There is a choice of cost-efficient incremental encoders, PIOne metrology-class interferometric encoders and absolute measuring encoders (no referencing on power up required). Since the linear position of the stage is measured directly at the moving platform against the stationary base, without contact (direct metrology), backlash, mechanical play, or deformation in the drive train as common with motor / leadscrew combinations have no influence on position accuracy.